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Background: The dynamics of SARS CoV-2 transmission among urban centers in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) remains poorly understood. We aimed to estimate the seroprevalence of SARS CoV-2 antibodies in Jakarta, Indonesia – the country in Southeast Asia with the highest number of reported cases and deaths, to increase knowledge of SARS CoV-2 transmission in large urban settings in Southeast Asia. Methods: We conducted a population-based serosurvey among individuals aged one year or older across Jakarta’s six districts. A stratified multi-stage sampling design was employed. Samples were stratified by district, slum and non-slum residency, sex, and age-group. Participants were interviewed to collect information on socio-demographic characteristics, weight and height measurements, and a history of COVID-19 diagnosis and/or recent contact. Blood samples were collected and tested for IgG against three different SARS-CoV-2 antigens using the Human IgG Tetracore® FlexImmArray™ SARS-CoV-2 Human IgG test. Seroprevalence was estimated after applying sample weights and adjusting for cluster characteristics. Findings: During March 2021, 4,919 individuals were enrolled in the study. The weighted estimate of seroprevalence was 44·5% (95% CI 42·5-46·5). Seroprevalence was highest among adults 30-49 years old, with higher seroprevalence detected in women and among those with a body mass index that was overweight or obese. Respondents residing in slum areas were 1·3-fold more likely to be seropositive than non-slum residents. We estimated that 4,717,000 of Jakarta’s 10·6 million residents had prior SARS CoV-2 infection. These findings suggest that for every reported confirmed case, approximately 10 infections were undiagnosed or underreported. Interpretation: Approximately one year after the first cases of COVID-19 were confirmed, close to half of Jakarta’s residents have been infected by SARS CoV-2. Urban centers in LMICs remain the places in the world most vulnerable to SARS CoV-2 transmission, as well as its adverse health and social consequences. Funding: Provincial Government of Jakarta, CDC, Eijkman Institute for Molecular Biology-National Research and Innovation Agency Declaration of Interest: All authors declare no conflict of interest. Ethical Approval: The study protocol was approved by the Ethics Committee of University of Atmajaya (No 1245A/III/LPPM.PM.10.05/11/2020).

The dataset for this article includes morphological analysis of the level to which groundwater potential of the Vasishta River, Salem and Perambalur districts of Tamil Nadu. The method for the computation of morphometric parameters using data Digital Elevation Model (DEM) of the Vasishta River, is also prepared using SRTM (Shuttle Radar Topographic Mission) 90 m resolution data Morphometric parameter linear, aerial and relief limits, such as a bifurcation ratio (Rb), Drainage density (Dd) Stream Frequency (Fs) Elongation ratio (Re), Length of overland flow (Lg), Relief ratio, ruggedness number (Rn) and Slope (sb) of Vasishta Sub Basin (VSB). The relief ratio indicates that the discharge should be considered high priority given to the following micro-watersheds numbers 9,1,15,11 and 10. This data could be very useful to help with sustainable groundwater planning in any similar basins.

Advances in high-throughput proteomic approaches have provided substantial momentum to novel disease-biomarker discovery research and have augmented the quality of clinical studies. Applications based on multiplexed microsphere suspension array technology are making strong in-roads into the clinical diagnostic/prognostic practice. Conventional proteomic approaches are designed to discover a broad set of proteins that are associated with a specific medical condition. In comparison, multiplex microsphere immunoassays use quantitative measurements of selected set(s) of specific/particular molecular markers such as cytokines, chemokines, pathway signaling or disease-specific markers for detection, metabolic disorders, cancer, and infectious agents causing human, plant and animal diseases. This article provides a foundation to the multiplexed microsphere suspension array technology, with an emphasis on the improvements in the technology, data analysis approaches, and applications to translational and clinical research with implications for personalized and precision medicine.

There is a growing trend in utilizing biological industrial wastes to produce biofuels. The dairy washed milk scum (DWMS) is one of such potential industrial waste and can be used as feedstock for the production of biodiesel. One of the inherent problems of DWMS biodiesel is its poor low temperature property. In this investigation, the influence of two bio-based cold flow improvers (CFIs) namely, ethyl acetoacetate (EAA) and ethyl levulinate (EL) was tested on low temperature properties of DWMS biodiesel. It was observed that the addition of 20% (v/v) of EAA and EL to DWMS biodiesel significantly decreased the cloud point (CP), cold filter plugging point (CFPP) and pour point (PP). The crystallization characteristics of neat biodiesel and biodiesel blended with CFIs (EAA and EL) were determined using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The viscosity, acid value and induction period, flash point of all samples were within the permissible limits of biodiesel standard (ASTM D6751-15c ) with all the blends of EAA and EL. The present work demonstrates that EAA and EL are suitable cold flow improvers for DWMS biodiesel.

Mobility (transport of people and goods) is a socio-economic reality and need for which is bound to grow in the coming years. Modes of transport should be safe, economic and reasonably environmental friendly. Hydrogen could be ideal as a synthetic energy carrier for transport sector as its gravimetric energy density is very high, abundantly available in combined form on the earth and its oxidation product (water) does not contribute to greenhouse gas emissions. However, its sustainable production from renewable resources economically, on-board storage to provide desirable driving range, usage in durable energy conversion devices and development of infrastructure for its delivery remain significant challenges. In this article, recent developments in the field of production, storage, transport and delivery of hydrogen along with environmental and safety aspects of its use as an energy carrier are presented. Almost any energy source can be used to produce hydrogen. Presently, non-renewable sources dominate hydrogen production processes but the need of the hour is to develop and promote the share of renewable sources for hydrogen production to make it completely sustainable. Hydrogen may be used as fuel for almost any application, where fossil fuels are used presently and would offer immediate benefits over the conventional fuels, if produced from renewable sources. For achieving a successful "hydrogen economy" in the near future, the technical and economic challenges associated with hydrogen must be addressed quickly. Finding feasible solutions to different challenges may take some time but technological breakthrough by way of on-going efforts do promise hydrogen as the ultimate solution for meeting our future energy needs for the transport sector.

Herein, Laccase catalysed oxygen reduction reaction on polyaniline coated copper nanotube bio-cathode was studied. The copper nanotubes were grown in anodic aluminium oxide template on which conductive polymer polyaniline was electrodeposited. Laccase was covalently immobilized using a linker molecule glutraldehyde. The effective wiring of enzyme with bio-cathode was confirmed by linear sweep voltammetry, chronoamperometry and open circuit potential measurement. All electro analysis was performed in conventional three electrode system using platinum wire counter electrode and Ag/AgCl reference electrode. The bio-cathode in air saturated phosphate buffer showed maximum OCP and current of 0.59 V and 140.12 μAcm −2 respectively. Moreover, electrochemical impedance analysis confirmed decrease in charge transfer resistance with the immobilization of enzyme on CuNTs/polyaniline electrode. The bio-cathode showed reproducibility and stability over the period of examination.

The main objective of the study is to identify groundwater potential zones in the hard rocks area of the Upper Gadilam river basin in Vizhupuram district of Tamil Nadu. The study area lies between North Latitudes 11°40’ to 11° 58’ N and East Longitudes 78° 58’ to 79° 26’ 35” E. The drainage pattern in the area is dendritic to sub dendritic and at complex as trellis type. Based on drainage pattern, the study area has been divided into two watersheds viz., Gadilam watershed, and SeshaNadi watershed. The Gadilam stream is originate from MayanurGarudan spring of Garudan rock and traverses via.Pasarhill and Damal village before reaching the sedimentary contact near Thirunavalur. SeshaNadi is an ephemeral stream which is found almost to be dry throughout the year, excepting the surface water flow for few days in a year during rainy season. Hydrogeological, Geophysical studies has been carried out in the above aquifer. As a result the total groundwater abstraction has considerably gone up causing an overall decline of regional piezometric heads in this water table aquifer. With an integrated approach on using Remote Sensing and Geographical Information System (GIS). Topographic map has been used to prepare base map and generate thematic maps like geology, geomorphology, lineament and lineament density, drainage, drainage density, and slope maps has been prepared for the study area. A number of geomorphic units such as Inselberg, moderately buried pediplain, Pediment, Inselber complex, Pediplain, and Pediment Valley has been observed. A composite groundwater potential map has been generated as very high, high, medium, low and very low based on the groundwater availability in study area. The upper, middle and downstream of the basins have been identified as potential zones for groundwater exploration. The regions of lineaments and intersecting lineaments proved for groundwater potential zones. The data generated subjected to validate with field checks

A case study has been conducted to delineation of artificial recharge zones using geospatial techniques in Sarabanga sub basin Cauvery River, Tamil Nadu. The groundwater storage change from place to place and there isneed to identify recharge zones throughgeospatial technology as an important strategy for water management system.However conventional methods alone it is not an easy task to study the surface parameters of a large area to identify suitable sites for artificial recharge, since many controlling parameters must be independently derived and integrated, which involves additional cost, time and manpower. Modern remote sensing technologies have many advantages over older, conventional methods due to their synoptic coverage, improved spatial resolution, and their capabilities for multi-spectral and multi-temporal analysis. In addition, unlike conventional methods for demarcation of suitable areas for groundwater replenishment are able to take into account the diversity of factors that control groundwater recharge. Based on the GIS overlay analysis the possible combinations for recharge sites based on geology, geomorphology, lineament, lineament density, drainage density, Landuse and Landcover combinations covers an area of 915.052 Sq.kmand are suitable for various artificial recharge structures. The results show that by expanding the artificial recharge system, the recharge volume can be increased even for small flood events.

Water quality assessment is essential to ensure viable safe use of the resources for drinking, agricultural, and industrial purposes. Sixty groundwater samples were collected systematically during pre and post monsoon season in the Vaniyar watershed in the Dharmapuri district, Tamil Nadu. Understand the geochemistry of the groundwater and to assess the overall physicochemical faces in the study area. Vaniyar watershed lies between the latitudes 11°46’ N to 12°09’39” N and longitudes 78°12’27” E to 78°36’65” E and covering an area of 982.25 km 2 . Out of which plain land covers an area of 591.43 km 2 . The study area is underlain by the Archaean crystalline rocks surrounded by hills. The physical and chemical parameters of the analytical results of groundwater were compared with the standard guideline of values recommended by the Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS) and World Health Organization (WHO) standards for irrigational suitability, domestic usage further hydrogeochemical data have been plotted in a standard graphs such as United State Salinity Laboratory (USSL) and Wilcox's diagrams. Based on the United State Salinity Laboratory (USSL) results of C3-S1 (452.75 Km 2 ) class is good and could be used for all types of crops. Base on the Wilcox's diagrams that the groundwater near the downstream is good for irrigation and the contamination are found to be high in some places. This may be due to the rock water interactions because highly weathered rock noticed during field validation. Result reveals that 377.41 Km 2 (61.67%) areas fall in (Wilcox) Good to Permissible category and 452.75 Km 2 area falls in (USSL) C3-S1 category. Above said areas indicate that the groundwater could be used for all types of crops. According to U.S. Salinity Laboratory diagram, the majority of groundwater samples belongs to C3–S1 (High Salinity – Low SAR) category and spatially covers an area 452.75 Km 2 under “Suitable” zone. In the present study, it is evident that high salinity of groundwater persists at majority of sites. Hence, for high to very high salinity of waters, soil must be permeable with adequate drainage facilities for satisfactory crop growth.

As the fossil fuels are depleting with time, the research work in the biofuels domain is rapidly growing. The blends of biofuel can be used as automobile fuel and the existing methods to detect the blending ratio have heavy one-time test cost, need controlled environment and require experienced operators. It is well observed that fuel mixture affects lubricating properties of the fuel and thereby the engine performance. As lubricating properties are related to physical properties, developing a sensor, based on this, can provide a reliable and effective solution to detect and monitor fuel blending. This work describes the computational and the comparative experimental analysis of a microfluidic-device which performs blending studies by analyzing the interface position of the fluid occupancy in a micro-channel and its variations. The device was fabricated in acrylic using a well-established micro-fabrication technique, and is re-usable, re-calibrated and can be integrated with the existing microcontrollers of automobiles. The viscosity of the various bio-diesel blends can be used to indicate the fraction of bio-diesel in the fuel sample based on the best fit curve of the percentage of channel fraction occupied by the samples. The interface shift is because of the greater occupancy rate of a higher viscous sample in the channel. The best fit curve was determined based on an extensive testing of various oils including the hair oils, machine oils etc. of different densities to confirm the interface shifting phenomenon.

Raman scattering measurements have been carried out on a single crystal of α-glycine in the temperature range 83–360 K. The observed splitting of the NH 3 + torsional mode in the temperature range 83–313 K shows that NH 3 + torsional motion is non-degenerate even at ambient conditions. The stiffening of the N + H stretch mode on increasing the temperature from 120 to 360 K suggests increase in the inter-layer hydrogen bond length with temperature.

Raman, infrared and SERS (on silver colloid) of akacid have been investigated. The experimental Raman and infrared data is supported with DFT calculations using B3LYP functional and 6-311G** and LANL2DZ basis sets. The vibrational frequencies of the molecule and its silver complex were computed at the optimized geometry and compared with the experimental values. This is the first report on the vibrational analysis of akacid, its anion and its silver complex. From the most enhanced bands observed in the SERS spectrum as well as theoretical calculations, it has been inferred that the molecule is chemisorbed to the silver surface through the oxygen of the carboxylate group with interactions from the nitro group and also the ring π-electrons.

DFT calculations have been performed using RB3LYP with LANL3DZ basis sets to investigate the nature of the surface complex formed on the silver nanoparticles in aqueous medium (pH∼9) in the presence of benzotriazole. For the above system geometry optimizations were performed in aqueous solution applying CPCM (COSMO) dielectric continuum model. The favourable interaction of the frontier orbitals localized on Ag + and negatively charged nitrogen from the triazole ring leads to the formation of the stable (up to 120 kJ mol −1 ) charge transfer complex. Raman active harmonic frequency calculations were done for the various surface complex models and compared with the experimental frequency values. Based on this, the most reliable structure was determined. The feasibility of the formation of the polymeric species has also been discussed.

Diamond Like Carbon (DLC) films (a-C:H) due to their extreme properties have attracted a lot of attention. The properties of this non crystalline material cover a wide range and are intermediate between the properties of diamond, graphite and hydrocarbon polymers. The properties depend on the experimental parameters. Under appropriate deposition condition very hard, chemically inert and optically transparent films can be prepared. Diamond like carbon films have been deposited by low pressure Microwave Induced Plasma Chemical Vapour Deposition (CVD) process. The parameters have been optimized to get DLC films on the substrate like s.s/m.s., Copper and Cu–Be. The deposited films have been characterized by Fourier Transform Infra Red (FTIR) and Raman spectroscopy. The corrosion resistance of the films was found to be excellent. FTIR characterization indicates that the carbon is bonded in the sp3 form with hydrogen participating in bonding. Raman spectra confirms the DLC characteristics of the films. In this paper experimental details and results are discussed.

Abstract.The following is the editor's summary of the Pre-symposium workshop on Contemporary Assessment of Technologies presented at the Symposium on Molecular Approaches to Laboratory Diagnosis at San Francisco in February 1995. This workshop was moderated by Dr Joel M. Palefsky, and Dr Michael P. Busch. We have briefly summarized the presentations by: (1) Dr Indira Hewlett of the Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration entitled «Technology overview»; (2) Dr John J. Sninsky of Roche Molecular Systems Inc. entitled «Polymerase Chain Reaction»; (3) Dr Terrance Walker of Becton Dickinson Research Center entitled «Strand Displacement Amplification»;(4) Dr Mickey Urdea of Chiron Corporation entitled «bDNA assay» and (5) Dr Robert H. Singer of University of Massachussets Medical Center entitled «Image analysis of in situ hybridization». Although it was not possible to list all the references to the primary literature, we have attempted to provide the key references as far as possible.

Malleo-proteins from synthetic broth mallein of six strains of Pseudomonas mallei were separated by trichloroacetic acid precipitation, amonium sulfate precipitation and Ultrogel AcA 34 gel filtration chromatography. When tested comparatively with Dutch PPD mallein as standard on P. mallei -sensitized and normal horses all the strains were found to be malleinogenic, trichloroactive acid precipitated proteins were comparable to Dutch PPD mallein in potency and innocuity whereas ammonium sulfate-precipitated proteins elicited non-specific reactions. Ultrogel AcA 34 chromatographed high molecular weight proteins (MW range > 350 000) were having equal or higher potency and without adverse reactions and low molecular weight proteins (MW range 120 000–170 000) nearly inactive. Ultrogel AcA 34 column fractionation studeis revealed that mallein activity was associated with high molecular weight proteins and represented a purer sensitin than PPD mallein for the purpose of mallein test.

Endoscopic, histological, and ultrastructural features of 21 cases of esophageal melanosis are described. These cases were detected during 1000 consecutive routine upper gastrointestinal endoscopies. Staining characteristics and ultrastructure of the pigment contained in the endoscopically visible lesions were found to be similar to those of true melanin.

Enthalpy increment Δ298.15 KTHmo measurements were made on Na2MoO4(s) and Na2Mo2O7(s) in the temperature range 335 K to 760 K by the drop method using a high-temperature Calvet calorimeter. The calorimeter was calibrated using an electrical method and synthetic sapphire SRM-720 (Al2O3). An on-line computer was used for acquiring and processing results from the calorimeter. The enthalpy increments for Na2MoO4(s) and Na2Mo2O7(s) were least-squares fitted to a polynomial with temperature and are given by: Na2MoO4(s): Δ T 298.15 K H ∘ /(J·mol −1 )±109=−38795+113.7(T/K)+0.0546(T/K) 2 , (335 to 520 K) Δ T 298.15 K H ∘ /(J·mol −1 )±111=−38598+142.8(T/K)+0.00458(T/K) 2 , (520 to 720 K) Δ T 298.15 K H ∘ /(J·mol −1 )±538=−105740+270.7(T/K) (720 to 760K) Na 2 Mo 2 O 7 (S): Δ T 298.15 K H ∘ /(J·mol −1 )±318=−62413105740+190.6(T/K)+0.0589(T/K) 2 , (335 to 760 K) The thermal properties of Na2MoO4 and Na2Mo2O7 were obtained using the above experimental values. These are the first experimental results on the thermal properties of these compounds.

Carbamylation of the N-terminal valine of haemoglobin with methyl isocyanate in rats and rabbits has been demonstrated in vitro and in vivo by gas chromatography. N-Methylcarbamylated haemoglobin, converted by cyclization into 3-methyl-5-isopropylhydantoin, has been quantified by gas chromatography. Standard hydantoin was synthesized, chemically characterized and used for calibration. The method is simple and reliable in the concentration range 0.06–2 nmol. Carbamylation of haemoglobin by methyl isocyanate in vivo in rats can be identified only above a dose of 1.05 mg/l in inhalation exposures. It is inferred that methyl isocyanate in the “active” form crosses the alveolar and erythrocyte membranes and carbamylates the haemoglobin.