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Electric discharge machining (EDM) routehas capability of machining hard materials. Even intricate shapes can be machined by this process. Traditional machining routes develop machining issues like tool wear and pitiable surface finish. It can be overcome by the EDM process. The objective of this work is to prepare AA6351-10wt%Al2O3-5wt%Gr composites through stir casting process. The manufactured composites were machined via EDM route and their machining characteristics material removal rate (MRR) and surface roughness (SR) were studied via Taguchi process. The results display that for MRR current is the major influencing parameter and for SR voltage is the foremostpersuading parameter.

Healthcare is one of the fastest growing sectors in India. To mitigate the challenges of COVID-19, the small healthcare start-ups have changed the pave for rethinking their existing SCM practices by implementing sustainable Supply Chain Management (SCM) practices, introducing the awareness and advantages of adapting reverse innovation and provide the same to global SCM giants. This strategic approach has helped the manufacturers to optimize their network agile supply chain to provide a value based healthcare products or services to various supply chain partners. Thus in this paper we have made an attempt to propose a conceptual framework of the impact of the three interventions in manufacturing namely sustainable SCM practices, implementing Reverse innovation at plant level and to figure out the swiftness of using agile supply chain during the various pandemic waves. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire from 56 respondents which include the middle level Professionals or the Chief Executive Officer (CEO) in start-ups located in the clusters of Tamil Nadu. The data was analyzed using SPSS 19.0 and Smart-PLS software. The findings have concluded that the practices of sustainable SCM, structuring supplier parners using reverse innovation practices along with network agile SCM thriving the end customer in the supply chain led to offer value based health care products or services as resulted in analysis.

The aim of this work is to develop a new class of aluminium alloy matrix composites (AAMCs) reinforced with different weight percentages of zirconium diboride (ZrB2) particles through the bottom pouring type stir casting process. The mechanical and corrosion behaviours of aluminium can be improved by the addition of ceramic particles. Mechanical behaviours and microstructure of the composites were studied. Homogeneous distribution of ZrB2 particles in the matrix was analysed using scanning electron microscope. The corrosion behaviour of the proposed composites was analysed by electrochemical assessments, such as polarization tests and AC impedance spectra. Prepared specimens are submerged inside aqueous sodium chloride (NaCl: 3.5%) solution. Corrosion potential, current, resistance of linear polarization, capacitance of double layer, resistance of charge transfer and resistance of corrosion in material were determined. From corrosion outcomes, we concluded that AA7178–ZrB2 metal matrix composite revealed higher corrosion resistance than AA7178. The rate of corrosion resistance, hardness, impact strength and tensile strength was augmented gradually by way of increasing weight per cent of ZrB2 particles in the AA7178 matrix. Hardness was improved by 26% and the ultimate tensile strength was improved by 15% for the inclusion of 10 wt% ZrB2 particles in the AA7178 matrix.

Aluminium 6061 is a precipitation-hardened aluminium alloy, containing magnesium and silicon as its major alloying elements. T6 temper 6061 has an ultimate tensile strength of at least 290 MPa (42,000 psi) and yield strength of at least 240 MPa (35,000 psi). More typical values are 310 MPa (45 ksi) and 270 MPa (39 ksi), respectively. Corrosion acts on a continuous basis and it is a tedious issue to normalize it or to eradicate it. Hardened aluminium alloy containing Magnesium and Silicon as its major alloying elements. This research work deals with investigating the corrosion behaviour of this Aluminium 6061-T6 reaction in the acidic alkaline and in the salt medium. By analyzing the comparative results it will clarify that the Aluminium 6061 T6 alloy has higher corrosion rate in alkaline solution than in the acidic solution. The corrosion resistance of aluminium alloy is higher in solutions of acids and salts containing sulfate and nitrate ions than in chloride ions.

Powder Mixed Electrical Discharge Machining process is commonly used to machine hard to cut materials such as OHNS steel which are used to make gauges where precise machining is required. Precise machining requires proper control of parameters and obtaining the most suitable set of parameters. Hence, this work deals with varying the input parameters over a specified range and studying there effect on the responses such as Material Removal Rate (MRR) and Surface Roughness (SR) which are the critical responses that govern productivity and product quality. The input parameter such as Pulse ON time (T on), Pulse OFF time (T off) and Powder concentration was varied. The Response Surface Methodology was used to select the critical set of parameters and Analysis by variance (ANOVA) analysis was used to identify the most influential parameter for the responses. FESEM was recorded which showed better surface with reduced crack at Pulse ON time (T on) = 35 micro seconds, Pulse OFF time (T off) = 7 micro seconds and Powder Concentration of 4 gm/litre.

WEDM process being used for machining harder to machine materials, it is important to streamline the input parameters that controls the production rate and the quality of the product. Hence, an attempt has been made to identify the most significant parameter that controls the mojor part of the outputs and develop a model for predicting the responses. The input parameters such as Pulse ON time, Pulse OFF time and curret has been varied in equal intervals. The impact of these parameters on the responses Machining time and Surface Roughness has been studied. ANOVA analysis and Response surface Methodology has been used for analysis.

When the equipments are not located in a systematic manner, part manufacturing using the machineries will be very difficult. Distance travelled by the parts increases which in turn increase the time of production for each product. Hence productivity reduces and the flow of parts will not be smooth. To minimize this problem, Cellular manufacturing (CM) concept is proposed for industries using batch type production. The present work discusses the machine cell formation problem with the objective of minimization of the travelling distance of parts. Time taken by the parts to travel between the machines before and after cell formation is calculated. In this work, various matrix size problems are taken from the literature and tested. One of the meta-heuristic approaches, particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm is proposed in this work.

This paper deals with the comparative analysis of the roll cage for the performance automobile. In a performance automobile, the roll cage is one of the main components. It forms the structure which provides additional protection and prevents the vehicle from crumbling. It must be of adequate strength to protect the driver in the event of a rollover or impact. There are different organizations across the globe which provides car manufacturer a certificate of crash worthiness and structural strength of the cars during the collision. Conducting the car crash test will take much time and cost so in order to solve these problems and Improvise the design of the Body in White part of the car (BIW) a finite element model of the car is developed and it is tested virtually over and over to ensure that the passengers are safe inside the car during an impact. The main thing about the simulation is the cost effectiveness and can be done in lesser amount of time than testing the actual model. Mainly there are three modes of crash testing which are performed in Insurance institute of Highway Safety such are Frontal Impact test, Side way Impact test and Roll over test. Here a BIW part of the car is taken along with the roll cage designed by us with carbon fiber (ePA-CF) material properties and ASTM A36 steel properties (comparison) for the dynamic analysis using ANSYS workbench and LS DYNA.

EDM of silicon nitride–titanium nitride ceramic composites with copper electrode was carried out here. Input factors of outstanding significance like current (I), spark gap voltage (SV), pulse-on duration (Ton) and pulse-off duration (Toff) were selected to calculate listed technological characteristics. The output responses measured were material abrasion loss (MRR) and electrode abrasion rate (EWR). Also, the distinguishing face of the EDM technique is delved by RSM (Box-Benhken method) based on Design of Experiments (DOE) and experimental results are evaluated by Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). Furthermore, L29 orthogonal array (OA) based on the DOE to carry a row of machining has been followed here. From experimental outcomes, it is apparent that the current is the highly significant parameter among other factors as it alters both material abrasion loss and electrode abrasion rate. On the other part, difference in the pulse-off duration did not affect the responses. The higher material abrasion loss is obtained when current and pulse-on duration is higher and the increased gap voltage and lower current reduces the EWR. The higher MRR is obtained for current – 6 amps, pulse-on duration – 7 µsec, pulse-off duration – 10 µsec and spark gap voltage – 35 V. Reduced EWR is obtained for current – 4 amps, pulse-on duration – 6 µsec, pulse-off duration – 10 µsec and spark gap voltage – 40 V.

Incomplete combustion in IC engines reduces the efficacy and increases the release of undesired contents to the atmosphere. As an effort to improve the properties of emission and the performance characteristics of the engine, additive MTBE is added to gasoline at different proportions. This work aims at comparison of efficacy and emission characteristics of the plain and MTBE blended gasoline fuel. MTBE was added to the neat fuel in proportions of 5, 10 and 15 ml per 100 ml of gasoline. An upward trend was observed with the BSFC and BTE for blended fuel when compared to the neat fuel. Also, the characteristic of emission of the blended fuel was evaluated with the neat fuel and was observed with downfall in emissions of HC and CO. The emission of CO2 and oxides of nitrogen showed an upward trend with increase in blending ratio.

An attempt was made in this study to produce natural fiber-reinforced hybrid composite material using hand-layup method. Three different natural fibers were used to strengthen Kevlar/epoxy composites. Mechanical testing was performed to characterize the composites, namely tensile, flexural, impact and double shear. The results showed that Kevlar/epoxy hybrid composite has been reinforced by Aloevera and palm with superior mechanical properties relative to other hybrid composites. The tensile strength, flexural strength and load bearing capacity were increased by 50%, 14% and 54% respectively. Fiber breakage and matrix cracking were the dominant failure mechanism of composites in tensile testing. Matrix cracking and delamination have been the dominant failure mechanism in impact testing.

In this experimental investigation simply mentioned the method to identify the heat transfer rate per unit area and outside temperature through the mathematical relation with the heat transfer rate, thermal resistance, temperature differences on the furnace wall with inner temperature of 1100OC. The wall have three layers first one created by refractory bricks. Second one consists of fire brick and last layer created with plaster. The layer of plaster increased from 5 mm to 15 mm with 2 mm increment for each consideration. The temperature difference compared with the surrounding temperature.

Banana fiber is naturally available fiber material in enormous amount which is having good mechanical properties. We can utilize those properties in mechanical field by making highly demanded hybrid composite materials. This work carries the investigation of the Hybrid composite material which is prepared by reinforcing S2 glass fiber, banana fiber using Epoxy resin and hardener. Two different samples are prepared, one of the sample is prepared with treating the banana fiber with NaOH solution and another sample were fabricated without chemical treatment, fabrication is carried out by hand layup technique. The sample is prepared by layer formation and by distributing uniform constant load. Finally, fabricated samples are tested in tensile and flexural strength as per ASTM standards to compare the property of two samples. Finally, the results proved that NaOH treated sample exhibit high tensile strength and high flexural strength. The morphological analysis of SEM images shows that NaOH treated composites have well fined bonding structure and can be used for Engineering Applications.

Aluminium is easily available low cost material but the emissivity of the aluminium is very low which is minimum 0.02 to maximum 0.54 for the pure level with different form like polished, highly polished, oxidized, un-oxidized and anodized conditions and different formations. So in this investigation focused to increase the emissivity of the Aluminium surface. There are number of methods and materials were available to reach the motive of this requirement among them coating method and 75Ni-25Cr alloy material considered for this experimental investigation. Square plates were considered and the corresponding temperatures measured with the help of thermocouples located on the particular point of the surface. The commonly used normal black body used as a reference surface for this investigation. There are increased radiant heat input create impact on the values surface which leads to identify the purpose of this material coating.

Lightweight concrete is usually chosen for structural purpose where its use will lead to a lower overall cost of a structure than normal weight concrete by reducing its dead weight. This weight will make it an uneconomical structural material. Attempts have been made in the past to reduce the self-weight of concrete to increase the efficiency of concrete as a structural material. In this research, bamboo sticks are used in the form of coarse aggregate at different proportions to reduce the self-weight of concrete. Also, naturally available fibre named sisal fibre is into the reinforcement to study its properties. The influence of sisal fibres and bamboo sticks on the strength of light weight geopolymer concrete is taken as the main objective of this experimental study. In recent years, a great deal of interest has been created worldwide on the potential applications of light weight concrete and utilization of natural fibres reinforced cement-based composites. In this work, it is also aimed to investigate the strength properties of concrete by casting light weight geopolymer concrete by replacing bamboo aggregates with 10%, 20% and 30% of coarse aggregate. Also, Sisal fibres are added at different proportions as 0.25%, 0.5%, 0.75% and 1.0% by volume of concrete respectively. Evaluation of flexural bending strength for M25 geopolymer concrete specimens was done. Totally 9 number of 500×100×100 mm flexural members are cast and tested under M25 grade of concrete. The 12 M NaOH, ratio of NaOH:Na2SiO3 as 2.5 and ratio of flyash to alkaline activator solution as 0.6 are considered as various parameters for designing the mix of geopolymer concrete. Ambient curing condition is applied for evaluating strength properties. The flexure strength was tested with replacement of coarse aggregate with bamboo sticks and by adding different percentage of sisal fibres. The test results indicated that the sisal fibres were effective in improving the strength of concrete.

The extensively adopted non-traditional approach of wire electrical discharge machining (WEDM) process can be formulated the complicated shapes and difficult-to-cut products with cost effective solution. The surface integrities and mechanical characteristics are sternly affected in the nickel titanium shape memory alloy (NiTi SMA) during WEDM process. In this study, an attempt has been made to investigate the effects of machining parameters on the surface integrity characteristics of NiTi SMA. The machining parameters such as servo voltage, input power, wire speed, pulse-on and pulse-off time were considered as inputs and their effects on surface integrity characteristics such as surface roughness, material removal rate, microstructure and hardness were studied. The machining process has been carried out with three levels of input parameters in the full factorial design. The TOPSIS analysis was used to evaluate the optimum machining parameters in order to exhibit the better surface integrity characteristics for NiTi alloy. The results of the optimization technique revealed that the better surface integrity properties (minimizing the roughness and maximizing the material removal rate) were achieved with the combination of 3 A input power, 9 µs pulse on time, 8 µs pulse off time, 20 V servo voltage and 3 m/min wire speed.

Proadrenomedullin N-terminal 20 peptide (PAMP) is a regulatory peptide that is found in various cell types. It is involved in many biological activities and is rich in basic and hydrophobic amino acids, a common feature of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs). In this study, the cell selectivity and antimicrobial mechanism of PAMP and its C-terminal peptide, PAMP(9–20), were investigated. PAMP and PAMP(9–20) displayed potent antimicrobial activity (minimum inhibitory concentration: 4–32 μM) against standard bacterial strains, but showed no hemolytic activity even at the highest tested concentration of 256 μM. PAMP(9–20) showed 2- to 4-fold increase in antimicrobial activity against gram-negative bacteria compared to PAMP. Cytoplasmic membrane depolarization, leakage of calcein dye from membrane mimic liposomes, SYTOX Green uptake, membrane permeabilization, and flow cytometry studies indicated that the major target of PAMP and PAMP(9–20) is not the microbial cell membrane. Interestingly, laser-scanning confocal microscopy demonstrated that FITC-labeled PAMP and PAMP(9–20) enter the cytoplasm of Escherichia coli similar to buforin-2, and gel retardation assay indicated that PAMP and PAMP(9–20) effectively bind to bacterial DNA. These results suggest that the intracellular target mechanism is responsible for the antimicrobial action of PAMP and PAMP(9–20). Collectively, PAMP and PAMP(9–20) could be considered promising candidates for the development of new antimicrobial agents.

Poor proteolytic resistance, toxicity and salt/serum sensitivity of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) limits their practical clinical application. Here, to overcome these drawbacks of AMPs and develop novel antimicrobial agents, a series of small molecules based on a triazine-piperazine-triazine scaffold that mimic the cationic amphipathic structure of AMPs were synthesized and evaluated their potential as a new class of antimicrobial agents. All designed compounds showed strong antimicrobial activity and negligible hemolytic activity. Particularly, five compounds (9, 11, 12, 15, and 16) presented excellent cell selectivity with proteolytic resistance, salt/serum stability and anti-inflammatory activity against lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammation. These five compounds exhibited similar or 2-4 fold higher antimicrobial activity than melittin against six antibiotic-resistant bacteria tested. Similar to the intracellular-targeting AMP, buforin-2, these compounds displayed an intracellular mode of antimicrobial action. These compounds showed potent biofilm inhibitory and eradicating activities against multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa (MDRPA). Additionally, these compounds displayed synergistic or additive effects when combined with selected clinically used antibiotics. Furthermore, these compounds have been proven to inhibit pro-inflammatory cytokine release by directly binding to LPS and blocking the interaction between LPS and CD14/TLR4 receptor in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophage cells. Overall, our results demonstrate the potential of the designed compounds as a novel class of multifunctional antimicrobial agents to combat bacterial infection.

In present investigation, aluminium matrix composite reinforced with 15 wt% zirconium dioxide (ZrO2) particulates was fabricated through stir casting route. Electric discharge machining (EDM) was carried out to machine the produced composite using copper electrode. Pulse current, pulse on-time and pulse off-time were chosen as input parameters and surface roughness (SR) was considered as output machining performance characteristic. The experimental plan has been adopted by Box Behnken design (BBD) of response surface methodology (RSM). This technique was used to developed a mathematical model for analyze the machining performance characteristic. Furthermore, analysis of variance (ANOVA) was applied to find out the effect of each machining parameter and their interactions on SR. It has been noticed that pulse current was the most predominant parameter on SR followed by pulse on-time. Finally, a confirmation test was carried out by recommended parameter settings and the error percentage was determined.

In general connecting rods are manufactured by using carbon steel; nowadays aluminium alloys are best alternative material to produce connecting rod. Aluminium alloys are less weight and absorb high impact strength since it is best suited for high speed engine in the bike. In this work focused on to analysis of three different aluminium alloy materials as AA2014, AA6061 and AA7075. FEA analysis was carried out through ANSYS software for selected three materials and von misses stress; shear stress and total deformation were obtained from ANSYS software. The analysis on various geometric forms of connecting rod such as solid type, shell type has been carried out using modelling package such as SOLIDWORKS and ANSYS software. The apt result has obtained from the analysis, the deformation and stiffness of each material clearly shows in the output of the analyzed images and also in theoretical calculation. Comparing with the three materials the AA2014 possess less weight and better stiffness.

Nowadays metal matrix composites (MMCs) playing an energetic role in engineering applications in the field of aerospace, automobile and structural despite of superior properties. The inclusion of various reinforcement into the metal matrix enhances the strength, hardness, stiffness and reduces the wear and density of the materials. This article made an effort to present the influence of various reinforcement such as B4C, TiC, SiC, WC, Cr3C2, Al2O3, TiO2, ZrO2, SiO2, MoO3, MoS2, AlN, Si3N4, ZrB2, TiB2 and Gr on the mechanical and tribological behavior of metal matrix. Foremost applications of various reinforcement with metal matrix are also emphasized in this work.

As the materials are indispensible, their demand always exists, but their supply is limited. In particularly, the supply of material is limited for specific applications. Light weight low strength applications are very wide. This investigation focuses the natural fibre hybrid with artificial fiber based hybrid composite preparation. The sisal fibre is used to prepare the composite with Textile-Grade Glass Fibers. The sisal fiber is here treated with specific concentration of malic acid in the distilled water. The composites synthesized with treated and untreated sisal fibres. The alternate fashion of horizontal and vertical is followed for fibres’ orientation. The bio epoxy is employed as matrix material with mix of hardener. The prepared composite are characterized by water absorbability, tensile properties, flexural properties and shock absorption capacities. The synthesized composites also characterized for dry and wet applications.

Surface engineering deals with the surface of the material and it was sub-discipline of materials science. Wear can be reduced by modifying the surface properties of solids by coating hard material or by use of lubricants. Friction surfacing is one of the surface coating method which gives better bonding on plane surfaces. In this work, iron plate was taken as substrate and stainless steel (SS) 304 was used as coating material. The experiment was conducted based on L9 orthogonal array. The parameters chosen for the experiment were rotational speed, axial load and traverse speed. The response values were hardness and maximum displacement in order to improve the wear, corrosion and bonding strength. The results were analyzed using Taguchi method to find the optimum machining parameters and to identify the effect of machining parameter for maximum hardness and displacement. ANOVA was employed to confirm the result obtained from Taguchi method. ANOVA was also used to identify the contribution percentage of each parameters.

Aluminium alloy AA2024 and AA6061 welding and its combinations have been consistently represented a respectable challenge for creators and expertise. The alloys 2024 and 6061 composites, especially heat-readable materials, are hard to bond by combination affixing systems. The different combination of welding, for example, AA2024 and AA6061 Alloy is a significant issue during FSW. In this article, the impact of Rotation speed; Travel Speed; and Different Diameter of Tool Pins of 2024 and 6061 alloy through FSW was examined by GRA (Grey Relational Analysis). The ANOVA was utilized to try out the preeminent significant travel speed of welding and speed of tool rotation influencing the responses. The essential and collaboration effect of data features on the ordinary responses are analyzed. The normal qualities and estimated qualities are truly close.

In this investigation hybrid composite material was prepared and composed of Kevlar (K29), Eggshell and Coir fiber which are reinforced composite, fabricated by hand layup method. Various combinations of sample were prepared and test was carried out to find the Mechanical Behavior and water absorption tests as per ASTM standard. Micro structure was analyzed by SEM. Here Observed that increased tensile strength of Kevlar with coir and egg reinforced sample produced better mechanical properties and very less weight which can be used for marine application.

Metal Matrix Composite is widely replacing the older materials in the area of aerospace applications. The evolving requirement of superior properties and increased lifetime expectancy has led to formation of newer composite materials. An attempt has been made to formulate and evaluation of the fundamental properties of the developed composite. AA 7075 aluminium material is reinforced with fixed percentage of Silicon Carbide and Graphene in different proportions. Three samples were made and mechanical properties and Microstructural properties were studied. The graphene was increased by order of 3% of net weight of composite varying from 0% to 6%.

Additive Manufacturing is a pioneering and prevailing technology used for direct layer-by-layer fabrication of parts from a 3D computer model. Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) is the most common and simplest technique in 3D printing technology which engrossed many researchers, particularly those interested in its biomedical applications in custom-made implants, tissue and cell printing and the dental industry. Polylactic acid (PLA) is one of the bio-degradable polymers which are now being extensively used by the researchers for biomedical applications. Various research was conducted on PLA to improves its properties by incorporating the nanofillers. Cellulose nanocrystal (CNC) is one of the naturally occur nanofiller which is used to reinforce with PLA to improve its mechanical and biodegradability property. PLA/CNC has a hopeful probable for large-scale manufacture of green composites towards various applications, which include packaging and biomedical fields. In this research work, different samples of PLA/CNC composites were prepared with 1, 2, 5 and 10 wt% CNC as nanofillers. The thermal properties for the different samples of PLA/CNC bio-composite was studied. The results of Differential scanning calorimetry disclosed that there is a shift in the glass transition temperature and a variation in the melting temperatures. The results showed that the crystallinity of the polymer matrix got increased by the addition of Cellulose. 1% cellulose shows the highest cold crystallization peak when compared to the neat PLA. The single-screw extruder is used to obtain the PLA/CNC filament of 1.75 mm diameter. The fabricated PLA/CNC filament is fed into fused deposition modeling for fabricating 3D Printed specimens. The mechanical properties of the 3D printed bio-composites were evaluated. The results of the 3D printed samples show that there is an increase in tensile modulus for 1% CNC composites (4550 MPa) when compared with neat PLA (3030 MPa).

In this study, an attempt has been made to investigate the influences of cryogenic coolant on cutting temperature, cutting force, thrust force and feed force while turning the Hastelloy C276 – a nickel-based superalloy. Numerical simulation was carried out using Deform 3D analytical tool for the machining process performed at the optimal cutting conditions using Lagrangian formulation. CNC turning experiments were also performed with different cutting parameters. The results observed from the simulation were compared with the experimental investigations and were found to be in good agreement with experimental results. The results inferred that the cutting temperature was reduced up to 57% by involving machining in cryogenic condition. It was concluding from both the simulation and experiment studies that the machining under cryogenic condition effectively reduces the cutting temperature and machining forces when compared with that of dry condition.

This investigation is carried out by making a new hybrid natural composite material used Kevlar fabrics, Banana bract fibers and palm fibers. In this research, the samples prepared by hand lay method and tested for its Tensile behaviors. The fractured surfaces are analyzed by Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). The leakages and quality of the specimen are checked by Water Absorption test. As a result, the banana bract and Kevlar composite sample shows optimum tensile strength compared to other samples and less water absorption which is useful in the application of Marine Engineering.

In the present work, an attempt has been made to investigate the effect of generating shock waves through direct and confined ablation modes of plasma method of massive laser shock peening (MLSP) on surface integrity of cast dumbbell shaped and cylindrical cast specimens of commercially pure titanium (CP-Ti) and to compare with those of untreated CP-Ti. The MLSP is usually performed in a massively peening mode to induce uniform compressive residual stress and surface deformation across the entire specimens. After MLSP, tensile testing was carried out to obtain the tensile strength, modulus of elasticity and percentage elongation. The microstructural and surface topography investigations of the laser shock peened material were carried out using digital, optical microscopy and SEM equipped with an energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS) and XRD. The results show that laser shock peened with confined ablation make the surface of CP-Ti with improved change in microstructure, increase in tensile strength, microhardness (73.08%), surface roughness and compressive residual stresses (−420 MPa) which prolongs the mastication ability and dimensional stability of dental implant restorative materials.

Banana, Pineapple and Jute fiber were mixed with different combination of volume percentage by hand layup technique. For this investigation six types of combinations used. Banana fiber has 60% in all the combination and remaining 40% of fiber only shared with Pineapple fiber and Jute fiber for six different combinations and also each combination with three different (5 mm, 10 mm and 15 mm) thicknesses. The corresponding thermal analysis such as thermal conductivity and thermal resistance of six combination fiber composites were compared for the good thermal insulator for insulation applications.

In this paper the hydraulic and thermal constrain of the plate heat exchanger is optimized to enhance the sensitivity of the heat exchanger. In the proposed method the multi objective wale optimization (MOWO) is used for optimizing the parameter of the plate heat exchanger. In MOWO the parameters of the plate heat exchangers such as, horizontal port centre distance, vertical port centre distance, enlargement factor, port diameter, plate thickness, number of thermal plates and plate spacing are optimized to achieve better sensitivity. The thermal and hydraulic drop are consider as the objective function, in which the heat transfer is enhanced and the pressure drop is minimized by using MOWO. Then the proposed system is implemented using matlab and its performance are analysed. The obtained performance proves the effectiveness of the proposed system.

In this present work, Magnesium metal matrix composites reinforced by silicon carbide were synthesized and fabricated by means of powder metallurgy process. Magnesium powder with 0, 4, 8 & 12 wt% SiC was blended in ball mill for 10 min. Then the cold compaction was done by using compression machine was compressed pressure of 650Mpa at suitable die. The sintering method was performed at 500°and 670 °C and hold time of 30 min using microwave furnace and to achieve better result to sinter the Mg metal matrix composites. The microstructure, density, compressive strength and hardness of the resultant Magnesium-Silicon carbide composites were studied. It was observed that the 12 wt% Silicon carbide reinforcements lead to the improvement in mechanical properties such as high density, high hardness, high compressive strength and high impact strength. Moreover, the outcome exposed that the density, hardness, compressive strength and impact strength of the composite was obviously higher than that of the Cast Magnesium and mechanical properties was improved with higher amount of Silicon carbide reinforcement from 0 to 12 wt%.

The major purpose of the present study is to investigate and compare the characteristics of dissimilar joining of Ti-6Al-4V with AISI 4140 Medium carbon steel using diffusion bonding process and analysis of the temperature distribution and stress intensity with the help of ANSYS software. For the diffusion bonding the joint quality is based on the process parameters like time, temperature and pressure maintained during the process. Diffusion bonding experiments for Ti-6Al-4V with AISI 4140 Medium carbon steel was carried out by varying the Pressure 5 MPa, 10 MPa and 15 Mpa, temperature 750 °C, 800 °C and 850 °C also time 60 min, 90 min and 120 min. The diffusion bonded joints of the Ti-6Al-4V with AISI 4140 Medium carbon steel created and temperature distribution were done by ANSYS.