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γ-Aminobutyric acid (GABA) and its precursor glutamic acid play signaling roles in both humans and plants. Interestingly, positive effects on human health are ascribed to GABA consumption, which is present at relatively high levels in various food products, including potato tubers and tomato fruits. However, the currently available information on GABA content in foods only partly represents market categories and lacks data on glutamic acid. Here, we performed a screening of 98 tomato and 72 potato genotypes for GABA and glutamic acid levels. Our results show a large variation in both GABA and glutamic acid across the various genotypes. The GABA and glutamic acid levels ranged from 72 to 1122 µg/g fresh weight (FW), and 1160–6513 µg/g FW, respectively in tomato, and were between 68 and 759 µg/g FW and 409–874 µg/g FW in potato. Differences between market categories were only present for glutamic acid. For both GABA and glutamic acid, losses occurred with cooking, depending on the preparation. GABA was less affected by cooking than glutamic acid. Potato and tomato could be major dietary GABA sources. Especially high-GABA genotypes merit further investigation because of their potential health effects.

Background Higher concentrations of 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 [25(OH)D3] at diagnosis are associated with a lower mortality risk in colorectal cancer (CRC) patients. However, magnesium and calcium are important in vitamin D metabolism. Objectives We aimed to investigate 25(OH)D3, magnesium, or calcium and their interaction among patients with CRC in relation to recurrence and all-cause mortality. Methods The study population included 1169 newly diagnosed stage I–III CRC patients from 2 prospective cohorts. Associations between 25(OH)D3 concentrations, magnesium or calcium intake through diet and/or supplements at diagnosis, and recurrence and all-cause mortality were evaluated using multivariable Cox proportional hazard models. The interaction between 25(OH)D3 and magnesium or calcium was assessed by investigating 1) joint compared with separate effects, using a single reference category; and 2) the effect estimates of 1 factor across strata of another. Results Serum 25(OH)D3, calcium, and magnesium, alone and their interactions, were not associated with recurrence. Serum 25(OH)D3 concentrations seemed to be associated with all-cause mortality. An inverse association between magnesium intake (HRQ3 vs. Q1: 0.55; 95% CI: 0.32, 0.95 and HRQ4 vs. Q1: 0.65; 95% CI: 0.35, 1.21), but not calcium intake, and all-cause mortality was observed. When investigating the interaction between 25(OH)D3 and magnesium, we observed the lowest risk of all-cause mortality in patients with sufficient vitamin D concentrations (≥50 nmol/L) and a high magnesium intake (median split) (HR: 0.53; 95% CI: 0.31, 0.89) compared with patients who were vitamin D deficient (

Contains fulltext : 215418.pdf (Publisher’s version ) (Closed access) BACKGROUND: Hypomagnesemia has been associated with diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and other disorders. Drug use has been suggested as one of the risk factors for low magnesium (Mg) levels. In the elderly population, prone to polypharmacy and inadequate Mg intake, hypomagnesemia might be relevant. Therefore, we aimed to investigate associations between drug use and plasma Mg. METHODS: Cross-sectional data of 343 Dutch geriatric outpatients were analysed by Cox and linear regression, while adjusting for covariates. Drug groups were coded according to the Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical classification system; use was compared to non-use. Hypomagnesemia was defined as plasma Mg < 0.75 mmol/l and /=5 medications (polypharmacy). The number of different drugs used was inversely linearly associated with Mg level (beta -0.01; p < 0.01). Fully adjusted Cox regression showed significant associations of polypharmacy with hypomagnesemia (Mg < 0.75 mmol/l) (prevalence ratio (PR) 1.81; 95%CI 1.08-3.14), proton pump inhibitors (PR 1.80; 95%CI 1.20-2.72), and metformin (PR 2.34; 95%CI 1.56-3.50). Moreover, stratified analyses pointed towards associations with calcium supplements (PR 2.26; 95%CI 1.20-4.26), insulins (PR 3.88; 95%CI 2.19-6.86), vitamin K antagonists (PR 2.01; 95%CI 1.05-3.85), statins (PR 2.44; 95%CI 1.31-4.56), and bisphosphonates (PR 2.97; 95%CI 1.65-5.36) in patients

From their phylogenetic and pharmacological classification it might be inferred that cannabinoid receptors and their endogenous ligands constitute a rather specialised and biologically distinct signalling system. However, the opposite is true and accumulating data underline how much the endocannabinoid system is intertwined with other lipid and non-lipid signalling systems. Endocannabinoids per se have many structural congeners, and these molecules exist in dynamic equilibria with different other lipid-derived mediators, including eicosanoids and prostamides. With multiple crossroads and shared targets, this creates a versatile system involved in fine-tuning different physiological and metabolic processes, including inflammation. A key feature of this 'expanded' endocannabinoid system, or 'endocannabinoidome', is its subtle orchestration based on interactions between a relatively small number of receptors and multiple ligands with different but partly overlapping activities. Following an update on the role of the 'endocannabinoidome' in inflammatory processes, this review continues with possible targets for intervention at the level of receptors or enzymes involved in formation or breakdown of endocannabinoids and their congeners. Although its pleiotropic character poses scientific challenges, the 'expanded' endocannabinoid system offers several opportunities for prevention and therapy of chronic diseases. In this respect, successes are more likely to come from 'multiple-target' than from 'single-target' strategies.

Glucagon like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and serotonin are both involved in food intake regulation. GLP-1 release is stimulated upon nutrient interaction with G-protein coupled receptors by enteroendocrine cells (EEC), whereas serotonin is released from enterochromaffin cells (ECC). The central hypothesis for the current study was that nutrient-induced GLP-1 release from EECs is modulated by serotonin through a process involving serotonin receptor interaction. This was studied by assessing the effects of serotonin reuptake inhibition by fluoxetine on nutrient-induced GLP-1, PYY and CCK release from isolated pig intestinal segments. Next, serotonin-induced GLP-1 release was studied in enteroendocrine STC-1 cells, where effects of serotonin receptor inhibition were studied using specific and non-specific antagonists.Casein (1% w/v), safflower oil (3.35% w/v), sucrose (50 mM) and rebaudioside A (12.5 mM) stimulated GLP-1 release from intestinal segments, whereas casein only stimulated PYY and CCK release. Combining nutrients with fluoxetine further increased nutrient-induced GLP-1, PYY and CCK release.Serotonin release from intestinal tissue segments was stimulated by casein and safflower oil while sucrose and rebaudioside A had no effect. The combination with fluoxetine (0.155 μM) further enhanced casein and safflower oil induced-serotonin release.Exposure of ileal tissue segments to serotonin (30 μM) stimulated GLP-1 release whereas it did not induce PYY and CCK release. Serotonin (30 and 100 μM) also stimulated GLP-1 release from STC-1 cells, which was inhibited by the non-specific 5HT receptor antagonist asenapine (1 and 10 μM). These data suggest that nutrient-induced GLP-1 release is modulated by serotonin through a receptor mediated process. © 2016 The Authors.

Vitamin D metabolites, including 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 (25(OH)D3), may inhibit colorectal cancer (CRC) progression. Here we investigated cross-sectional and longitudinal associations of demographic, lifestyle and clinical characteristics with 25(OH)D3 serum concentrations in CRC patients at diagnosis and six months later. In 1201 newly-diagnosed stage I-III CRC patients, 25(OH)D3 levels were analysed twice. Multivariable linear regression was used to assess demographic, lifestyle and clinical determinants of 25(OH)D3 levels at diagnosis and six months later. Linear mixed models were used to assess characteristics associated with changes in 25(OH)D3 levels over time. Results of our study showed that vitamin D intake from diet or supplements, use of calcium supplements, BMI and disease stage were associated with 25(OH)D3 levels at both time points. Six months after diagnosis, gender and having received chemo- and/or radiotherapy were also associated with 25(OH)D3 levels. A stronger decrease in 25(OH)D3 levels was observed in patients who underwent chemotherapy, compared to surgery only (β-6.9 nmol/L 95 %CI -9.8; -4.0). Levels of 25(OH)D3 levels increased in patients using vitamin D supplements compared to non-users (β 4.0 nmol/L 95 %CI 1.2; 6.8). In conclusion, vitamin D supplement use and treatment appear to be important determinants of 25(OH)D3 levels during the first six months after CRC diagnosis, although the difference in 25(OH)D3 levels was minor. ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03191110.

BACKGROUND: Activation of the ileal brake by casein induces satiety signals and reduces energy intake. However, adverse effects of intraileal casein administration have not been studied before. These adverse effects may include impaired amino acid digestion, absorption and immune activation. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of intraileal infusion of native casein on plasma amino acid appearance, immune activation and gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms. DESIGN: A randomized single-blind cross over study was performed in 13 healthy subjects (6 male; mean age 26 +/- 2.9 years; mean body mass index 22.8 +/- 0.4 kg/m-2), who were intubated with a naso-ileal feeding catheter. Thirty minutes after intake of a standardized breakfast, participants received an ileal infusion, containing either control (C) consisting of saline, a low-dose (17.2 kcal) casein (LP) or a high-dose (51.7 kcal) of casein (HP) over a period of 90 min. Blood samples were collected for analysis of amino acids (AAs), C-reactive protein (CRP), pro-inflammatory cytokines and oxylipins at regular intervals. Furthermore, GI symptom questionnaires were collected before, during and after ileal infusion. RESULTS: None of the subjects reported any GI symptoms before, during or after ileal infusion of C, LP and HP. Plasma concentrations of all AAs analyzed were significantly increased after infusion of HP as compared to C (p < 0.001), and most AAs were increased after infusion of LP (p < 0.001). In total, 12.49 +/- 1.73 and 3.18 +/- 0.87 g AAs were found in plasma after intraileal infusion of HP and LP, corresponding to 93 +/- 13% (HP) and 72 +/- 20% (LP) of AAs infused as casein, respectively. Ileal casein infusion did not affect plasma concentrations of CRP, IL-6, IL-8, IL-1beta and TNF-alpha. Infusion of HP resulted in a decreased concentration of 11,12-dihydroxyeicosatrienoic acid whereas none of the other oxylipins analyzed were affected. CONCLUSIONS: A single intraileal infusion of native casein results in a concentration and time dependent increase of AAs in plasma, suggesting an effective digestion and absorption of AAs present in casein. Also, ileal infusion did not result in immune activation nor in GI symptoms. CLINICALTRIALS.GOV: NCT01509469.

Rationale and objectives To show the impact of the introduction of multi-detector computed tomography (CT) on radiologic workflow and to demonstrate how this reflects on picture archiving and communications systems (PACS) requirements. Materials and methods Production measurements were obtained from different CT scanners (first two single-slice CT scanners; from December 2001 single and 4-slice CT; from April 2002 single and 16-slice CT) in number of patients from the radiologic information system. Implications on our PACS were recorded in terms of images and studies stored. Furthermore, our PACS design was made so that optimal use of 3-dimensional imaging within the radiologic workflow was possible. Finally, the number of nondiagnosed studies were recorded every day since the start of the transition to a filmless radiology department. Results This PACS design achieved a high level of integration between simple viewing and advanced 3-dimensional imaging and is optimized for handling large amounts of data. Overall increase of patients scanned with CT from January 2002-December 2003 was 54%. The number of series increased by 286% from December 2001-April 2003 and by 130% from April 2002-December 2003. From January 2002-February 2003, the number of images per patient increased from 175 to 450 (157%). Nondiagnosed studies decreased from about 100–120 before to practically zero after PACS implementation. Conclusion PACS significantly increases productivity because of availability of the images and elimination of certain manual tasks. These results show that although the amount of examinations increases significantly with the introduction of MDCT, simultaneous introduction of PACS and filmless operation allows radiologists to handle the growth in workload.

Pentoxifylline (PTX) has been shown to exert hepatoprotective effects in various liver injury models. However, little information is available about the effect of PTX on the hepatic acute phase response. In the present study, the effect of PTX on a lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced acute phase response in primary porcine liver cell cultures was examined. During 72 hr of incubation with or without LPS, the ability of PTX to influence the secretion of tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), acute phase proteins, and nitric oxide (NO) was assessed. PTX completely inhibited LPS-induced TNF-α production and attenuated IL-6 only after 48 hr of incubation. In contrast, PTX potentiated NO production and the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in hepatocytes after stimulation with LPS. The increased expression of iNOS and concurrent production of NO was also observed when liver cell cultures were incubated with dibutyryl cyclic adenosine monophosphate. No effect of PTX on acute phase protein secretion was observed during 72 hr of incubation. The present results show that PTX differentially affects the endotoxin-induced inflammatory response in primary porcine liver cell cultures by suppressing TNF-α and IL-6 while potentiating NO production.

Hepatic phase I and phase II enzymes play an important role in contaminant metabolism in mammals. Knowledge of these enzymes is essential since their presence and activity determines the potential biological effects of contaminant exposure. In this study activities of hepatic phase I enzymes (cytochrome P450 (CYP)) and phase II enzymes (UDP glucuronosyl transferase (UDPGT) and glutathione S -transferase (GST)) in Ringed seals ( Phoca hispida ) were assessed. In addition, CYP enzymes were characterized using catalytic activities, selective inhibitors, mRNA analyses, as well as Western blotting. Both UDPGT and GST activities were present, indicating that these seals may form the reactive methylsulfonated PCB metabolites. The results from the CYP characterization showed ethoxyresorufin- O -deethylation (EROD) and caffeine demethylation activity, while the pentoxyresorufin- O -depenthylation activity was low. The activity towards testosterone resulted in several hydroxy-metabolites. Based on these activity studies the presence of CYP1A, CYP3A, but not CYP2B was insinuated. The inhibition of EROD and caffeine demethylation by α -naphthoflavone but not by furafylline suggested that in this seal species only one CYP1A enzyme was present. This was supported by the results from the mRNA measurements and Western blots. Only one mRNA band cross-hybridized with human CYP1A cDNA probes at the rat CYP1A1 position, while also one protein band, cross reacting with anti-rat CYP1A, was detected. The selective inhibition of the formation of the testosterone 2 β - and 6 β -hydroxy metabolites by ketoconazole supported the suggestion that the formation of these metabolites was mediated by CYP3A. The mRNA measurements and the results from the Western blots confirmed these results. The Northern blots showed cross hybridization with human CYP3A cDNA, while in the Western blots one protein band cross-reacting with anti-rat CYP3A was detected. No cross hybridization with rat CYP2B1/2 cDNA was observed. However, the Western blots showed a band cross-reacting with anti-rat CYP2B, suggesting the presence of a CYP2B-like protein. In conclusion, this study has shown that Ringed seal liver contains multiple forms of CYP as well as phase II enzymes, showing different catalytic activities, i.e. EROD, caffeine- N -demethylation, and testosterone hydroxylation at different positions. Only one CYP1A isoform seemed to be present as well as a CYP3A-like isoform. Although the catalytic activities and mRNA analyses did not indicate the presence of a CYP2B-like protein in Ringed seals, the Western blots suggested the presence of a CYP2B-like enzyme. However, its functional significance remains unclear.

The cytochrome P4501A induction was studied in liver and kidney of immature Arctic charr ( Salvelinus alpinus ) after exposure to different dosages of benzo(a)pyrene (B(a)P) at low temperatures. Maximum induction was reached at day 5 in both organs, with highest values in the liver. No clear dose-response could be observed, possibly due to an extremely sensitive P450 system or a limited B(a)P absorption from the gut. The apparent sensitivity of both organs towards B(a)P exposure can be considered as advantageous for biomonitoring.

From a bovine liver cDNA library in λMaxl a 1870 bp cDNA was isolated using the human CYP3A4 cDNA as a probe. The cDNA-deduced amino acid sequence encoded a protein of 507 amino acids and exhibited homologies of 76, 72 and 64% with canine CYP3A12, human CYP3A4 and rat CYP3A1, respectively. Furthermore, a very high homology of 91.7% was observed with the deduced amino acid sequence of a partial CYP3A cDNA from dwarf goat. A striking observation was that both the bovine and the goat cDNA exhibit a 4 amino acid extension at the C-terminus, which is due to a frame-shifting insertion of 2 nt. The bovine CYP3A cDNA was cloned in a retroviral vector, transfected to V79 cells and cells were selected for cytochrome P450 expression. The expressed enzyme was shown to catalyze the 6β-hydroxylation of testosterone, which could also be observed in a V79 cell line expressing human CYP3A4. In the bovine CYP3A cell line, however, 6β-hydroxytestosterone was not found to be the major metabolite. This cell line additionally showed high levels of hydroxylase activity at the 2β and 12β position of testosterone. The cDNA-expressed testosterone hydroxylase activity could be inhibited with the specific CYP3A inhibitors, tiamulin and ketoconazole.

Due to increased industrial and other anthropogenic activities during the last decades, the arctic environment faces increasing levels of organic pollution. The presence of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the arctic environment is of major concern because of their carcinogenic potential and their effect on the health and reproductive performance of animals. There is an increasing demand for sensitive and relatively inexpensive diagnostic biomarkers, applicable for environmental monitoring in the Arctic seas to assess the human impact on the Arctic. As a first step to validate the use of enzymatic assays in fish as an indicator for environmental pollution, the hepatic cytochrome P450 induction in the anadromous Spitsbergen Arctic charr was studied at several time intervals during 4 days following oral exposure to benzo(a)pyrene. Three different enzyme activities were studied, i.e. testosterone-6β-hydroxylation, the ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylation and the caffeine-N3-demethylation. Both the ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylation and the caffeine-N3-demethylation activity (only the 1,7-dimethylxanthine metabolite was formed) showed a strong and time-dependent induction after exposure. Western immunoblotting revealed an increase in the amount of protein. In the exposed groups a clear time-dependent increase of protein reacting with anti-cod CYP1A was observed. Between the ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylation and the caffeine-N3-demethylation activity in the exposed animals there was a strong and linear correlation. There was no effect of benzo(a)pyrene exposure on the testosterone-6β-hydroxylation. The slow and long lasting induction, probably due to the low water temperatures 5 °C, can be regarded as advantageous for biomonitoring. Differences in inhibition (α-naphtaflavone, furafylline) characteristics between ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylation rate and caffeine-N3-demethylation rate could be interpreted in terms of possible presence of more than one P4501A isoform in this fish species.

Proinflammatory cytokines play an important role in the depression of cytochrome P450 (CYP450)-dependent drug metabolism in mammals during inflammation and infection. Although much has been learned concerning the effects and mechanisms of cytokine-mediated suppression of CYP450, there is limited knowledge about how cytokines affect UDP glucuronosyl transferases (UDPGT). The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects and dose dependency of recombinant human proinflammatory cytokines on both CYP450- and UDPGT-dependent enzyme activities in primary cultures of pig hepatocytes. A possible role of nitric oxide in cytokine-induced suppression of enzyme activities was studied by incubating hepatocytes in the presence of N G-nitro-L-arginine (L-NAME), a competitive inhibitor of nitric oxide (NO) biosynthesis. Incubation of hepatocytes with interleukin-1alpha (IL-1alpha), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) decreased both oxidation and glucuronidation activities dose dependently, in which the effects on glucuronidation activities were even more pronounced. IL-6 differed from IL-1alpha and TNF-alpha by inhibiting CYP450 and UDPFT more effectively after 24 hr of incubation, whereas the inhibition by IL-1alpha and TNF-alpha was more pronounced after 12 hr. Only at a concentration of 500 U/ml did interferon-gamma (IFN-ganna) inhibit CYP450 and UDPGT. The inhibition of CYP450 enzyme activities by cytokines was probably not due to the production of NO, because L-NAME totally blocked NO production but had no effect on the cytokine-induced suppression of CYP450 enzyme activities. However, there might be a role for NO in the decrease of glucuronidation by cytokines, as L-NAME slightly though significantly prevented the inhibition of glucuronidation.

The pharmacokinetics of baquiloprim at a dose of 8 mg kg --l bodyweight were determined after its intravenous and intra-ruminal administration to seven healthy female dwarf goats. After intravenous injection, the plasma elimination curve showed a rapid distribution phase (mean [ sd ] t 1 2α 0·89 [0·4] hours). The mean volume of distribution at steady-state (Vdss) was 14·1 (2·7) litres kg−1 bodyweight. The mean elimination half-life ( t 1 2β ) was 14·0 (2·3) hours. After intra-ruminal administration its maximum concentration in plasma (Cmax) was 0·09 (0·01 μg ml−1 and this maximum was not reached until approximately 35 hours after administration. The systemic oral bioavailability, calculated up to 48 hours after dosing, was 33·7 (7·1) per cent. Owing to a prolonged absorption phase, the data from only four of the goats fitted reasonably to a compartmental model.

In this report we compare the three major binding proteins existing in hepatic cytosols of pig and human. Many data suggest that for the AH receptor, which mediates the biological effects of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin, a structural as well as a functional variability exists across species. Similar conclusions can be drawn from the interspecies characterization of benzo(a)pyrene binding proteins, namely the 4S protein and the 8S protein. Using fractionation procedures such as sucrose gradient sedimentation and gel permeation chromatography we obtained enriched fractions containing each of these binding proteins. By saturation experiments and analysis of data by Scatchard and Woolf plots we determined binding characteristics and we conclude that pig and human AH receptors were closely related proteins since their Kd (18 +/- 0.4nM) were found quite similar. On the other hand, 4S proteins from pig (Kd = 16.7 nM; Bmax = 5.5 pmol/mg) and from human (Kd = 14 nM; Bmax = 4.5 pmol/mg) as well as 8S proteins (Kd approximately 300 nM) also exhibit remarkable similarities.

Rationale: Metabolic stress like surgery and intensive exercise have been reported to increase intestinal permeability. It is not known whether intensive exercise also influences gut metabolic functioning. The effects of intensive exercise on intestinal permeability, postprandial amino acid (AA) bioavailability and intestinal enterocyte metabolic mass were determined in the human intervention study Protege.

Tiamulin is an antibiotic frequently used in veterinary medicine. The drug has been shown to produce clinically important interactions with other compounds that are administered simultaneously. An NIH/3T3 cell line, stably expressing human cytochrome P450 (EC 1.14.14.1) cDNA (CYP3A4), was used to study the effect of tiamulin on CYP3A4 activity. The 6 beta-hydroxylation activity of testosterone, which is increased in CYP3A4-expressing cells compared to vector-transfected cells, showed reduced activity after incubation with 1 microM tiamulin and was completely reduced to background level after incubation with 2, 5 and 10 microM tiamulin. The CYP3A4-expressing cell line was used in combination with a shuttle vector containing the bacterial lacZ' gene to study the effect of tiamulin on CYP3A4-mediated mutagenicity of aflatoxin B1. The mutation frequency of aflatoxin B1 could be completely inhibited by tiamulin in CYP3A4-expressing cells, but no effect was observed on the mutation frequency of the direct mutagen ethylmethanesulphonate. Western blotting of homogenates of the CYP3A4-expressing cell line showed stabilization of CYP3A4 protein after incubation with tiamulin, supporting the hypothesis that the mechanism of inhibition is by binding of tiamulin to the cytochrome.

The acute effects of alcohol on emotional arousal are inconsistent, with both elation and tension reduction being (self-)reported. To explore the physiological mechanisms that may be involved in emotional arousal, effects of moderate alcohol consumption on subjective and physiological measures of arousal were determined. 28 women (age 18–45 y, BMI 18.5–27 kg/m2) were randomly allocated to 4 conditions in which they received 3 glasses of sparkling white wine (±30 g alcohol) or alcohol-free sparkling white wine while having dinner in a room with a pleasant or unpleasant ambiance. Heart rate variability, skin conductance and heart rate (indicators for arousal) were measured continuously. Additionally, subjects filled out questionnaires (B-BAES and POMS-SF) at different times. Skin conductance and heart rate increased more after the alcoholic treatment compared to the non-alcoholic treatment and stayed higher until 1 h after consumption. Skin conductance was lower in the pleasant room than in the unpleasant room. Heart rate variability was lower after alcohol consumption compared to no alcohol consumption. The B-BAES sedation score was continuously higher and the stimulation score was higher only 20 min after alcohol consumption compared to no alcohol consumption. Thus, both arousal and sympathetic activity were increased by alcohol consumption after 20 min. However, sedative effects of alcohol were not corresponding to autonomic nervous system measures.

for all meals for 3 consecutive days by recording and calculating the calories (kcal) and protein consumed. Nutritional requirements were determined for each patient using standardised equations. Results.– 67 patients were included in the study. 70% (n=47) had cognitive impairment, 45% (n=30) required assistance at mealtimes and 58% (n=39) were medium-high risk for malnutrition (MUST score >2). Nutritional intake was inadequate; 64% (n=43) and 58% (n=39) failed to achieve the minimal caloric and protein requirements respectively. Older adults with a longer LOS, a higher dependency level and of an older age were more likely to meet the minimum nutritional requirements. Conclusion.– We postulate that the group meeting nutritional requirements may have been prioritised for nutritional intervention because of their age and pre-existing risk factors. Older adults need regular screening during their hospital admission to ensure adequate nutritional intake in prevention and treatment of malnutrition. Reference [1] Nutrition and Health in an Ageing Population/UCD Institute of Food and Health/Report 2010 (http://www.ucd.ie/t4cms/ ucd ageing policy doc june 10.pdf).