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Individuals with opioid use disorders (OUD) face significant barriers to accessing medication-assisted treatment (MAT), yet access to MAT is critical to reducing opioid-related fatality. This study evaluated a peer outreach and treatment linkage intervention in Chicago that is part of the Illinois Opioid State Targeted Response (STR) project to assist individuals with OUD in accessing MAT. The study uses the framework of the Opioid Use Disorder Cascade of Care to track progress through successive stages of the intervention and evaluated covariates of successful transitions across stages. Peer outreach workers contacted individuals in high-risk communities, conducted an eligibility screen, and scheduled eligible individuals to meet with project staff for treatment linkage. Over the 12-month study period (July 2017–June 2018), peer outreach workers conducted approximately 3308 encounters with individuals; 83% (n = 1638) were determined to be eligible for the intervention and agreed to an on-site linkage meeting. A majority of these (59%; n = 972) showed to the linkage meeting; most of these (92%, n = 890) were scheduled for a MAT intake appointment; and 86% (n = 765) of those scheduled showed to the MAT intake appointment. Most (91%; n = 696) of those who showed for treatment intake received a first dose, and 72% (n = 498) of these were in treatment at 30 days after their first dose. Several participant characteristics differentiated individuals that continued at each stage of the cascade model from those that did not. These findings demonstrate that the peer outreach and treatment linkage intervention may be successfully used to engage individuals with OUD into treatment.

Objectives This project aimed to use education sessions and exercise classes to improve exercise self-efficacy in individuals with type 1 diabetes and in diabetes care providers (DCPs). Methods We recruited 12 adults with type 1 diabetes and 12 DCPs who participated in 4 weekly group sessions to learn about exercise physiology and to experience various exercise types. We provided participants who had type 1 diabetes with real-time continuous glucose monitors and heart rate monitors to enhance experiential learning. Both groups completed questionnaires before and after the study to assess confidence concerning exercise. Following the study, focus groups assessed the impact of the study on knowledge and self-efficacy. Results There was an improvement in DCPs' attitudes toward exercise (p=0.004). DCPs' confidence in providing clients with advice regarding the time, type and intensity of exercise (p=0.005) and strategies for overcoming barriers to exercise (p=0.016) improved significantly. We found no significant changes in results in the questionnaires of participants with type 1 diabetes. Focus group analysis suggested that the study improved awareness of the importance of exercise as well as knowledge about the effects of exercise in type 1 diabetes by both DCPs and participants. Continuous glucose monitor use alleviated fear of hypoglycemia by participants with type 1 diabetes. Conclusions These findings suggest that a 4-week education- and exercise-focused program improves DCPs' self-efficacy in providing exercise advice to patients. People with type 1 diabetes did not experience an improvement in exercise self-efficacy; however, the study supports the use of continuous glucose monitoring and the grouping of DCPs and individuals with type 1 diabetes to facilitate experiential learning.

Emerging Adults (ages 18-25) have the highest prevalence of substance use disorders and rarely receive treatment from the specialty care system. Thus, it is important to have screening instruments specifically developed for emerging adults for use in Screening, Brief Intervention and Referral to Treatment (SBIRT) models. Optimal cutoffs for the widely-used GAIN Short-Screener's (GAIN-SS) Substance Disorder Screener (SDScrY) are not established specifically for emerging adults. Therefore, this study examined the sensitivity and specificity of the SDScrY in predicting emerging adult (ages 18-25) substance use disorders.We analyzed data from emerging adults in a large clinical sample (n=9,808) who completed both the five-item SDScrY (α=0.85) and the full criteria set for DSM-IV Substance Use Disorders. We estimated the sensitivity, specificity and area under the curve to determine optimal cutoffs.Analyses revealed a high correlation between the SDScrY screener and its longer parent scale (r=0.95, p0.001). Sensitivity (83%) and specificity (95%) were highest at a cutoff score of two (AUC=94%) on the SDScrY for any past year substance use disorder. Sensitivity (85%) was also high at a cutoff score of two on the SDScrY for any past year alcohol disorder.The five-item Substance Use Disorder Screener is a sensitive and specific screener for emerging adults, and could be used to identify emerging adults who may benefit from SBIRT interventions.

Building upon recommendations to broaden the conceptualization of recovery and to assess its relationship with health-related quality of life (HRQoL), this study addressed three primary aims. These included: 1) Testing the model fit of a hypothesized latent measure of recovery, 2) Examining the extent to which this multidimensional measure of recovery was associated with concurrently measured HRQoL, and 3) Examining the extent to which this multidimensional measure of recovery predicted changes in HRQoL during the subsequent year. Data were from 1,008 adults who completed follow-up assessments at 15 and 16 years post-intake. Confirmatory factor analysis indicated a good fit for a hypothesized recovery measure (CFI = .98; RMSEA = .06). Additionally, structural equation modeling suggested that this recovery measure was not only concurrently associated with HRQoL (β = .78, p < .001), but was also a significant predictor of changes in HRQoL during the subsequent year (β = .25, p < .001).

This study conducts a within-subject comparison of the Addiction Severity Index (ASI) and the Global Appraisal of Individual Needs (GAIN) to assess change in alcohol and other drug treatment outcomes for pregnant and postpartum women. Data are from 139 women who were pregnant or who had children under 11 months old and were admitted to residential drug treatment, then re-interviewed 6 months postdischarge (83% follow-up rate). The ASI and GAIN change measures were compared on their ability to detect changes in alcohol and drug use, medical and HIV risk issues, employment issues, legal problems, family and recovery environment characteristics, and psychological/emotional issues. The measures were similar in their ability to detect treatment outcomes, and ASI and GAIN change scores were moderately correlated with each other. The GAIN scales had equal or slightly higher coefficient alpha values than the ASI composite scores. The GAIN also includes an HIV risk scale, which is particularly important for pregnant and postpartum women. These results suggest that the GAIN is comparable with the ASI and can be used for treatment research with pregnant and postpartum women.

This study examined client and program factors predicting initiation and engagement for 2,191 adolescents at 28 outpatient substance abuse treatment sites implementing evidence-based treatments. Using Washington Circle criteria for treatment initiation and engagement, 76% of the sample initiated, with 59% engaging in treatment. Analyses used a 2-stage Heckman probit regression, accounting for within-site clustering, to identify factors predictive of initiation and engagement. Adolescents treated in a pay-for-performance (P4P) group were more likely to initiate, whereas adolescents in the race/ethnicity category labeled other (Native American, Asian, Pacific Islander, Native Alaskan, Native Hawaiian, mixed race/ethnicity), or who reported high truancy, were less likely to initiate. Race/ethnicity groups other than Latinos were equally likely to engage. Among White adolescents, each additional day from first treatment to next treatment reduced likelihood of engagement. Although relatively high initiation and engagement rates were achieved, the results suggest that attention to program and client factors may further improve compliance with these performance indicators.

Previous epidemiological studies of rollover crashes have focused primarily on serious and fatal injuries in general, while rollover crash testing has focused almost exclusively on cervical spine injury. The purpose of this study was to examine and compare the risk factors for cervical spine, head, serious, and fatal injury in real world rollover crashes. Rollover crashes from 1995-2008 in the National Automotive Sampling System-Crashworthiness Data System (NASS-CDS) were investigated. A large data set of 6015 raw cases (2.5 million weighted) was generated. Nonparametric univariate analyses, univariate logistic regression, and multivariate logistic regression were conducted. Complete or partial ejection, a lack of seatbelt use, a greater number of roof inversions, and older occupant age significantly increased the risk of all types of injuries studied (p

Le dosage de thyroglobuline (Tg) est particulierement indique dans le suivi des carcinomes thyroidiens operes. C’est dans ce cadre que celle-ci est trouvee elevee a 1900 ng/mL chez une patiente de 68 ans aux antecedents de microcarcinome papillaire thyroidien. Elle avait, en effet, constitue un petit goitre nodulaire hyperfonctionnel avec un nodule gauche de 28 mm classe Tirads 4b et Bethesda 4. Une prise en charge chirurgicale a type de thyroidectomie totale avec curage recurrentiel gauche etait effectuee. Le suivi postoperatoire montrait une TSH s’abaissant progressivement malgre la diminution puis l’arret de la levotyroxine. L’elevation de Tg etait confirmee a plusieurs reprises en l’absence d’anticorps anti-Tg. Le bilan d’extension n’objectivait ni localisations secondaires ni recidive en echographie cervicale et sur le scanner thoracique. C’est l’IRM rachidienne qui revelait une image pelvienne d’allure ovarienne de 19 cm. La scintigraphie a l’I-123 confirmait la fixation de la masse. La patiente beneficiait d’une hysterectomie avec annexectomie bilaterale. La tumeur de 20 cm et 1300 g s’averait etre un teratome ovarien compose a 90 % de tissu thyroidien non suspect. Le controle postoperatoire de Tg etait rassurant a 46 ng/mL. Dans cette observation, la reduction progressive des besoins en hormones thyroidiennes apres thyroidectomie et l’elevation de la Tg ont fait discuter deux causes rares d’hyperthyroidie : metastases hyperfonctionnelles d’un carcinome thyroidien ou goitre ovarien toxique. Mais finalement la cause du 1er episode d’hyperthyroidie est incertaine (goitre cervical ? ovarien ?) etant donne la persistance d’une fixation iodee normale sur la scintigraphie thyroidienne initiale.

Telephone continuing care (TCC) was compared to usual continuing care (UCC) on substance use and related problems among adults discharged from residential treatment. Participants were randomly assigned to receive either UCC or TCC. A tapered TCC protocol, initiated by paraprofessional staff and volunteers, was provided during the first three months following discharge. The TCC condition participants reported high satisfaction ratings with the procedure and were more than twice as likely to enter continuing care than UCC participants. At the three-month point, TCC patients reported significantly fewer past month substance problems than UCC patients. Among the subgroup of lower severity (LS) participants, the TCC-LS sample had both significantly more days abstinent and fewer past month substance problems at three months than the UCC-LS sample. The significant between-group differences in substance use outcomes were not maintained at the six-month follow-up. The high satisfaction ratings and early, favorable response among TCC patients suggest the procedure is promising. Further research with larger samples and over a longer period of time is necessary.

Compression of the leg induces bending in the tibia, which can lead to tensile failure of the bone in the midshaft. The purpose of this study was to determine the orientation of the compressive load vector in the human tibia. Five cadaveric lower extremities were instrumented with in situ 6-axis tibial and fibular load cells and subjected to quasistatic axial leg compression tests in two knee positions and nine ankle positions. For each test, the location and angle of the line of action were calculated at the tibial midshaft. The line of action was extended to the bone ends in order to determine the locations of the effective centers of pressure on the tibial plafond and tibial plateau. The effective center of pressure on the tibial plafond consistently migrated anteriorly in dorsiflexion, laterally in eversion, posteriorly in plantarflexion, and medially in inversion. An opposite pattern was observed on the tibial plateau. When the knee was flexed, the effective center of pressure was generally isolated to a small area in the posterior portion of the medial tibial condyle. The percentage of the axial load borne by the fibula varied from -8% to 19%, and was related to the inversion/eversion angle of the ankle (p

The treatment response of 139 pregnant and postpartum women in gender-specific residential substance abuse treatment was investigated. These women were assessed with the Addiction Severity Index (ASI) at intake and six months after their discharge. A factor analysis performed with these women's ASI composite scores revealed two distinct factors: a substance use severity factor primarily from the alcohol and drug composite scores, and a general life distress factor primarily from the medical, legal, family/social and psychiatric composite scores. A cluster analysis of the pre- and post-ASI factor scores revealed four main subgroups of women (ranging in size from 14 to 41%) that had different patterns of change in response to treatment. Patterns of change could accurately be predicted for 71% of the women based on intake ASI severity composite scores, history of prior treatment, and service bundle received.

Streamlined admission procedures for adolescents entering outpatient substance abuse treatment were evaluated. A time cohort of 128 adolescents receiving existing admission procedures over a 12 month period were compared to a subsequent cohort of 149 who received same day assessments, same day treatment placement staffings, use of pre-set admission appointments, and admission tracking procedures. Measures included: (a) the length of time taken to complete assessments, (b) the length of time between the assessment and admission appointments, and (c) the percentage of clients admitted to treatment. Results revealed that each of the new admission procedures were implemented in at least 50% of the cases, adolescents who received them completed their assessments sooner, and time-to-event analysis demonstrated that this group was admitted to treatment sooner. However, the percentage of adolescents who entered treatment was not significantly different between cohorts.

The satisfaction of parents/guardians and their children who received services at 22 community mental health agencies in Illinois was assessed using standardized measures and procedures. The primary goal of the project was to develop a model of presenting consumer satisfaction data to stakeholders in a way that would provide meaningful bases of comparison and provide information for program improvement. A secondary goal of the project was to conduct exploratory analyses to aid in building theory about the relationship between parental/youth consumer satisfaction and other variables. Statewide analyses indicated that youths' satisfaction was significantly less than that of their parents. According to CHAID segmentation analyses, the best predictor of parents' satisfaction was their rating of the severity of their child's problem. The best predictor of youths' satisfaction was the type of school attended, though problem severity and agency location (e.g. suburban, urban, or rural) also figured prominently in CHAID's prediction model.

Intracapillary haemoglobin oxygenation (oxygen saturation) and haemoglobin concentration (corresponding with blood volume) were measured in different regions of the albino rabbit anterior eye segment using the Erlangen micro-lightguide spectrophotometer (EMPHO I). The tip of the microlightguide (active diameter 210 microns, cover diameter 0.5 mm) was placed in the vitreous by a goniometric mounting and controlled by a micromanipulator. After stepwise elevation of intraocular pressure (IOP) the haemoglobin oxygenation decreased slightly in the iris at an IOP-level of 60 mmHg, whereas in the three regions of the ciliary processes and in the peripheral choroid haemoglobin oxygenation did not decrease until values of 80 mmHg were applied. In contrast, haemoglobin concentration decreases when the IOP increases in all regions except in the pars plana where the haemoglobin concentration increased at 40 and 60 mmHg. The most pronounced reactive hyperaemia was found in the major ciliary processes. Quite passive changes of haemoglobin concentration were seen in the peripheral choroid. Effective regulatory mechanisms must exist which result in IOP-independent (20-60 mmHg) haemoglobin oxygenation, whereas pronounced changes in intracapillary haemoglobin concentration were observed. The decay of both parameters at IOP 80 mmHg is indicative of an exhaustion of their regulatory capacity. Epinephrine topically applied onto the conjunctival sac or injected into the common carotid artery led to a short-term decrease of haemoglobin concentration and, later, a hyperaemic response. A short-term haemoglobin deoxygenation was found especially in the major ciliary processes.

Aims: The aims of this poster are to (1) explore the trends in opioid use disorders overall, by age and geography and (2) examine differences in the liability for addiction based on age of onset. Methods: Data are from the 2011 National Survey on Drug Use and Heath (NSDUH), 2011 Drug AbuseWarning Network (DAWN), and 2011 Treatment Episode Data Set (TEDS). Results: From 2002 to 2011 the number of people with opioid usedisorders rose38%. Thenumberofpeoplewithprescriptionopioid use disorders is 3 times higher than heroin use disorders, but the increase of heroin use disorders was higher (104%). Over half the peoplewith prescription opioid use disorderswere over the age of 25, but the rate of growth was highest (+55%) among those age 18–25. From 2004 to 2010, this has been a 42% rise in drug related emergency room admissions, with the rates particularly high for prescription opioid alone (132%), prescription opioid +other illicit drugs (139%), prescription opioid + alcohol (+63%) or prescription opioid + illicit drugs +Alcohol (+94%). From 2000 to 2010, there has been a 44% increase in opioid related treatment admissions overall, including 352% for prescription opioids. The rate of growth of prescription Opioid Treatment admissions are growing even more rapidly for young adults ages 18–24 (+489%). Conclusions: The rapid growth in opioid use disorders is being driven by prescription opioid use disorders. While most people are adults, the rate of growth among young adults is much faster and also raises the potential for years of problems ahead. Geographic variation in the rates of disorders suggest that availability and local practices are significant, and that it may be feasible to stop the further rates of disorder or even reverse it. The returnof opioids also has important implications for the need to have detoxification and medication assisted treatment services available as part of health care reform. Financial support: NIDA Grant no. R37 DA011323.

s / Drug and Alcohol Dependence 140 (2014) e86–e168 e139 Financial support: Supported by NIDA research grants R01DA024678 and R01DA031160. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2014.02.393 The medication research partnership Dennis McCarty1, R. Croff1, M. Chalk2, K. Alanis-Hirsch2, J. Kemp2, J. Ford3, K. Johnson3, L. Schmidt4 1 Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States 2 Treatment Research Institute, Philadelphia, PA, United States 3 NIATx, Uuniversity of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, United States 4 UC San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States Aims: The Medication Research Partnership seeks to (a) accelerate medication-assisted treatment (MAT) for alcohol and opioid disorders, (b)monitorhealth careutilizationandcost, and (c) assess barriers and facilitators to enhance the use of medication to treat alcohol and drug use disorders. The partnership includes a commercial health plan and 9 addiction treatment centers contracting with the health plan. Methods: Thepartnershipuses a systemschangemodel emphasizinguseof financial, regulatory, operational, inter-organizational, and customer impact levers, to implement organizational and system change projects that increase access to and use of medication-assisted treatment. Results: Two treatment centers that streamlined intake processes reported a 52% increase in patients receiving medication and a 13% improvement in referrals from detox to outpatient. Two sites established criteria to assess patient appropriateness for MAT. Four sites developed medication treatment protocols. One site sought approval as an opioid treatment program. A second site increased patient adoption of extended-release naltrexone and are up to 2.5 injections per month. A third site increased the number and percent of patients prescribed extended-release naltrexone. The fourth site saw increased patient resistance to buprenorphine and increased interest in extended-release naltrexone. One site implemented physician training onMAT and increased the number of patients prescribed and receiving alcohol medications by 23%. The health plan provided case management assistance for patients using medication and encouraged treatment centers to prescribe medications. Conclusions:Organizational changeandsystemschange strategies can enhance the adoption of medication for treatment of alcohol and opioid dependence. Financial support: An award (R01 DA029716) from the National Institute on Drug Abuse supported the study. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2014.02.394 Cost-effectiveness analysis of a randomized trial of recovery management checkups for adults with chronic substance use disorders K.E. McCollister1, M.T. French1,2, D.M. Freitas3, Michael L. Dennis4, C.K. Scott4, R.R. Funk4 1 University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States 2 University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL, United States 3 New York University, New York, NY, United States 4 Chestnut Health System, Normal & Chicago, IL

s / Drug and Alcohol Dependence 140 (2014) e2–e85 e37 examined. The study was conducted using a laboratory model of risk taking to examine these differences in a controlled setting. Methods: The sample included 233 adolescents (42% Black) assessed longitudinally across 4 years (between 9 and 16 years old). To evaluate risk taking, we utilized the well-validated BARTY laboratory risk task (Lejuez et al., 2007). Parental monitoring was measured using an abbreviated version of the Stattin and Kerr (2000) questionnaire. Exposure to threats was assessed through a 21-item scale consisting of self-reported neighborhood, home, and school threats ( ’s across 4 years = .86–.89). Results: Hierarchical Linear Modeling analyses indicated that relative to White, Black adolescents engaged in lower risk taking over time (ˇ =−6.69; SE=1.62; p 1.33 for both Infit MNSQ and Outfit MNSQ. The criterion-related validity of all scales was consistent with hypotheses. Based on differential test functioning analysis, the full GISS scores had different meanings depending on age and gender of the respondents. Conclusions: This study supported the use of the four GISS subscales for their target constructs. As suggested by the DSF results, we urge caution in relying only on the GISS total score since variability in how one arrived at a total varied by age and gender. Financial support: NIDA grant no. R37 DA011323 and SAMHSA contract no. 270-12-0397. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2014.02.122 Validation of the gain self-help involvement scale using the Rasch measurement model Karen M. Conrad1,2, K.J. Conrad3, L. Passetti 3, R.R. Funk3, Michael L. Dennis3 1 Program Metrics, Oak Park, IL, United States 2 University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States 3 Chestnut Health Systems, Normal, IL, United States Aims: Self-help groups are increasingly recognized as an integral part of managing long term recovery from substance use disorders. The aims of this poster are to evaluate the psychometric properties of the original 21-item Self-Help Involvement Scale (SHIS) and of a short-form version based on traditionalmeasures of internal consistency (e.g., Cronbach’s alpha) and the more conservative Rasch measurement model (aka 1 parameter item response theory [IRT]). Methods: Data were collected using the Global Appraisal of Individual Needs during 2009–2010 from 801 clients in substance abuse treatment who completed the SHIS at 90-days post intake. The sample was predominantly over 18 years of age (71.4%) and male (54%). Over half were Caucasian (54%). Alcohol was reported as a primary drug by slightly over 20%,Marijuana andOpioidswere each reportedby18%, Cocainewas reportedby11%, Amphetamines was the least reported primary drug at about 8%. About a quarter were grouped into the other drug category rather than one of five primarydrugs listed.Winsteps softwarewasused toplacebothpersons and items on a common, linear, interval “ruler” that enabled examination of: person and item reliability; itemhierarchy; itemfit statistics; unidimensionality; and item invariance across primary drug of choice. Results: Both the original and short-form SHIS were internally consistent and met the requirements of the Rasch measurement model except for two items thatmisfit possibly due tomethod variance given that these two items had a different rating scale than the remaining items. Item invariance across drugs was observed for 10 items of the full 21-item version. This finding guided selection of items for the short-form version because of our interest in using the measure across primary drug types. Conclusions: Having available psychometrically sound, full and short-formmeasures of self-help involvement for use across drugs and treatment types strengthens our ability to discern treatment effects. Financial support: SAMHSA/CSAT Contract No. 270-12-0397. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2014.02.123

In the ciliary processes of the cynomolgus monkey three vascular territories with discrete arterioles and venules were found by means of scanning electron micrographs of vascular resin casts. The first vascular territory, which is located at the anterior end of the major processes, is drained posteriorly by long isolated venules, which pass the ciliary body without greater connections to the venules of the major ciliary processes, whereas the second and third territories comprise the vasculature of the major and minor ciliary processes drained posteriorly by veins which are located at the internal edge of the ciliary processes. With the functional resin casting method it could be demonstrated that 15 min after application of 20 micrograms of epinephrine into the conjunctival sac the terminal arterioles supplying the first vascular territory constricted most intensely, whereas the terminal arterioles related to the middle and posterior vascular territory of the ciliary processes constricted to a lesser extent. Twenty-five minutes after topical application of epinephrine only the posterior vascular territory and the capillaries of the ciliary muscle appeared filled in the resin casts. The vasculature of the anterior territories remained empty because of strong vasoconstriction of the supplying arterioles. The three morphologically different vascular territories with their different sensitivities to epinephrine may reflect a functional differentiation in respect to aqueous humour formation and resorption.

Depletion of caudate-putamen dopamine (DA) was produced by intraventricular injection of 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) in three day old rats. When adult, the rats were given cognitive and motor tasks sensitive to adult dopamine depletion, including: tests of cue and place spatial navigation in a swimming pool, a test of skilled forelimb use, requiring reaching for small pellets of food, a test of tongue protrusion, requiring tongue extension to lick mash from a spatula, a test of limb posture, sensorimotor tests of orienting to tactile stimulation and catalepsy. Despite apparent normal physical appearance and locomotor behavior, the rats were impaired on all tasks except orienting to tactile stimulation and catalepsy. There was a significant positive correlation between the degree of impairment on the behavioral tasks and the extent of caudate-putamen dopamine depletion. The results show that sparing of function following neonatal dopamine depletion is selective and incomplete. The results are discussed with respect to the questions of sparing of function following neonatal lesions, the heterogeneous nature of the neonatal depletions and the contributions of dopamine to complex spatial and motor behavior in the rat.

In albino rabbits, the reactions of a defined venous segment of the ciliary process vasculature to vasoactive agents were studied using our new technique of in vivo microendoscopy and using supravital specimens of the anterior eye. This segment is situated in the pars plana of the ciliary body and is the continuation of the venules at the inner edge of the minor and major ciliary processes which posteriorly drain the blood in the veins of the peripheral choroid. Three- to 4 min after administration of carbachol, a constriction of this efferent venous segment was seen in the in vivo microendoscopy as well as in supravital specimens. The adjacent vessel segments remained relatively unchanged. Two- to 3 min after intra-arterial administration of atriopeptin (ANP), an intense constriction of the efferent venous segment, followed by a reactive hyperaemia, was found by in vivo microendoscopy. The iris veins which collect the blood from the iris and the iridial ciliary processes pass the pars plana without touching the ciliary process vasculature. No reactions to the vasoactive agents tested were observed in these vessels. It has been concluded that the efferent venous segment of the ciliary process may play a role in the regulation of perfusion pressure within the ciliary process capillaries.

Sources of noise in logic circuits are discussed and definitions stated. The good noise performance of CMOS devices is then explained.

The nucleation of α-Al 2 O 3 on TiC and cemented carbides by chemical vapor deposition via hydrolysis of AlCl 3 has been studied as a function of various experimental parameters. Saturation densities of clusters from 10 5 cm −2 to 10 9 cm −2 were observed and are correlated with a “supersaturation” derived from the capillarity model.