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Psoriasis and type 2 diabetes (T2D) are complex conditions with significant impact on health. Psoriasis patients have higher risk of type 2 diabetes (~1.5 Odds Ratio) and vice versa, controlling for body mass index (BMI), yet there has been limited study comparing their genetic architecture. We hypothesized there are shared genetic components between psoriasis and T2D. Trans-disease meta-analysis (TDMA) was applied to 8,016,731 well-imputed genetic markers from large-scale meta-analyses of psoriasis (11,024 cases and 16,336 controls) and T2D adjusted for BMI (74,124 cases and 824,006 controls). We confirmed our findings in a hospital-based study (42,112 patients) and tested for causal relationships with multi-variable Mendelian randomization. Mendelian randomization identified a causal relationship between psoriasis and T2D (p=1.6x10(−4), OR=1.01), and highlighted the impact of BMI. TDMA further revealed 4 genome-wide significant loci (p

The complex marine environment in the splash zone and the deep-sea area is always raising stern challenges for the steel structures served in the offshore facilitates. Compared with other coating fillers, the carbon fiber (CF), with outstanding mechanical strength, is a suitable candidate filler for coating reinforcement. However, CF has a poor compatibility with organic resin, which could cause defects inside the coating, and result in coating failure further. Hence, we used dopamine to modify CF surface (CF-PDA) and introduced CF-PDA into the epoxy coating as reinforced additive to improve the erosion wear resistance and anti-corrosion ability of coating. The interfacial shear strength (IFSS) of CF-PDA/epoxy was increased by 32.20%, compared with CF/epoxy. After 120 h immersion under 30 MPa pressure, the |Z|0.01 Hz of the CF-PDA/EP (1.04 × 108 Ω cm2) was obviously higher than EP, and the interfaces of steel/coating and CF-PDA/resin were not failure evidently. Meantime, after the erosion wear test, compared with EP, the mass loss and the volume loss of CF-PDA/EP were decreased by 19.40% and 25.72%, respectively. Then, the failure process of coatings was discussed during erosion wear test, and we explained the relationship between the erosion wear resistance of coatings and interfacial strength of CF-PDA/epoxy resin.

It is common to evaluate mutual fund (and in general, security) returns by linear factor models. However, performance measures from these models are misleading if there are some omitted factors that explain cross-sectional variation in returns. We propose to use a latent-factor approach, Confounder Adjusted Testing and Estimation (CATE), for performance evaluation. Under reasonable economic assumptions, we show that CATE can consistently separate "alpha" from the return components that are due to common factor exposures, without forcing any particular ex-ante specification of the factors. We demonstrate that CATE outperforms widely used factor models in identifying common variation in mutual fund returns and that CATE alpha positively predicts future fund performance. When ranked by the difference between CATE alpha and CAPM alpha, the most favorable measure used by mutual fund investors, we find that the top decile of funds outperforms the bottom decile by as large as 5% per year. We also find that mutual fund flows become less responsive to returns due to the size, value, and momentum factors over time, yet respond persistently to other factor-related variation.