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Objective Metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC) is the important factor for patient mortality, meanwhile gene mutation constantly changes cancer prognosis in tumor process. Exploring the driver mutation in mRCC process become more and more important. Materials and methods We obtained the 15 paired primary and metastatic mRCC samples and analyzed specific mutation genes in the metastatic foci (SMGs) by next generation sequencing. Moreover, we explored the Correlated networks, Pathway and Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment results, prediction analysis of AS sites and prognosis of survival. Results We identify EPCAM, TMEM127, EZH2, EXT1, CDKN2A, PRF1, AIP, CDK4, PRKARIA as SMGs and find that CDKN2A mutation sites affect the prognosis of mRCC by altering splicing elements. Based on the differential analysis for SMGs in KIRC, we found that EPCAM, PRF1 and EZH2 were differential expression in both primary tumors with metastasis compared to primary tumors without metastasis or metastatic tissues. By the AS prediction analysis, we suggest that CDKN2A mutation sites play an important role for RCC metastasis by affecting the p16/p14 expression. Conclusions The SMGs could provide new molecular cues associated with tumor metastasis and have potential clinical implications for cancer prognosis and treatment. Definitive conclusions await further validation and follow up.

The induction of polyploidy to improve agronomically and economically useful characters is a process commonly used in crop plants. Neopolyploids were obtained from the diploid pear cultivar ‘Fertility’ by in vitro colchicine treatment. Different clones of polyploids were rooted to be transferred to the greenhouse and then to the net house, a survey orchard was established. The morphological characteristics and the performance of 3 tetraploid clones, 2 triploid clones, 1 mixploid clone and a diploid control were investigated under greenhouse and field conditions. Results revealed that plants of different neopolyploids showed markedly different phenotypic traits. Compared to the diploid control, three out of four polyploid clones plants had significantly thicker leaves and a shorter petiole length. The significance of the difference in leaf index (ratio of leaf lamina length to leaf lamina width) between diploid and polyploids depended on the individual clone of the neopolyploid plants. In the greenhouse and the field, the triploid clone ‘3 x − 1’ and the tetraploid clones ‘4 x − 1’ and ‘4 x − 2’ had significantly decreased leaf index, and the triploid ‘3 x − 2’ had significantly increased leaf index. However, the tetraploid clone ‘4 x − 4’ and the mixploid clone ‘Mi x − 1” showed phenotypic abnormalities, such as stunted growth and leaf malformation. The ex vivo grafted shoots of the pentaploid ‘5 x − 1’ and ‘5 x − 2’ were very difficult to maintain or had a very short survival period. The grafted plants of triploid ‘3 x − 2’ showed a compact habit. Most neopolyploid plants had significantly shorter internodes and all had reduced plant height compared to the height of their parent diploid plants.

Magnetic exfoliated graphite (MEG) with high sorption capacity and magnetism was prepared by citric acid sol–gel method. Compared with exfoliated graphite (EG), the characteristics of MEG were manifested by scanning electron microscopy, energy diffraction spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction and mercury intrusion pore size distribution. The sorption capacity and rate of MEG were discussed, including the recovery ratios of oils (engine oil, crude oil, diesel oil and gasoline) and the regeneration of MEG. The results show that cobalt ferrite was deposited effectively and uniformly on/in MEG. The myrmekitic and multilevel pore structures of MEG were expanded and developed in comparison with that of EG. The maximum sorption capacity was obtained in about 2 min. The sorption capacity of MEG increased from 41.46 and 40.46 g g−1 to 48.93 and 42.75 g g−1, increased by 18.01% and 5.65% for engine oil and crude oil. While that was decreased from 37.26 and 31.96 g g−1 to 33.18 and 30.48 g g−1 for diesel oil and gasoline, decreased by 10.95% and 4.63% respectively. The average recovery ratios were 77.07%, 78.83%, 85.34% and 88.71%, and the average regeneration ratios were 76.01%, 87.12%, 86.39% and 85.31%. Finally, the experiment to remove heavy oil on surface water easily and conveniently with MEG was simulated.