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11 results on '"Q. X. Geng"'

1. Cosmic-ray energy spectrum around the knee obtained by the Tibet experiment and future prospects

Author

N. Hotta, J. Y. Li, Hsiao-Chi Lu, S. W. Cui, C. F. Feng, Q. Huang, G. M. Le, X. C. Yang, Labaciren, H. B. Hu, B. S. Wang, Q. X. Geng, Zhaxisangzhu, Takeshi Saito, D. Chen, Takashi Sako, Kazuoki Munakata, Kazumasa Kawata, C. Fan, H. H. He, Z. H. Ye, Masaki Nishizawa, X. Y. Gao, Takashi Saito, Jieru Ren, Danzengluobu, A. Nagai, Huaguang Wang, Yizhang, M. Sakata, K. Kasahara, J. Mu, S. L. Lu, Y. G. Wang, M. Amenomori, Jia Zhang, A. F. Li, Jing Huang, C. T. Yan, M. Shibata, Shunsuke Ozawa, A. F. Yuan, X. R. Meng, G. C. Yu, I. Ohta, X. H. Ding, Zhaoyang Feng, Shoji Torii, H. Y. Jia, T. Yuda, S. Udo, Y. Q. Lou, H. R. Wu, K. Hibino, Haibing Hu, Y. H. Tan, H. Onuma, N. Tateyama, X. J. Bi, Harufumi Tsuchiya, K. Mizutani, Y. Katayose, Y. Zhang, A. Shiomi, H. Nanjo, Y. Yamamoto, Yu-Sa Wang, X. Wang, T. Shirai, H. M. Zhang, X. X. Zhou, H. Sugimoto, S. Yasue, H. W. Guo, Masato Takita, M. Ohnishi, L. K. Ding, T. Ouchi, Z. Y. Feng, X. Y. Zhang, F. Kajino, Chihiro Kato, M. He, L. Xue, and Ning Zhang

Subjects
Physics, Atmospheric Science, Range (particle radiation), Proton, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Detector, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Phase (waves), Aerospace Engineering, chemistry.chemical_element, Flux, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Cosmic ray, Spectral line, Nuclear physics, Geophysics, chemistry, Space and Planetary Science, General Earth and Planetary Sciences, Helium
Abstract

The observation of the extensive air showers has been carried out since 1990 by Tibet air-shower array to study the origin of the cosmic-rays. In order to investigate the chemical composition around the knee, air-shower core detector was used in two experimental phases aiming to separate light primary elements (proton and helium). In a first phase experiment made in 1996-1999, primary proton and helium spectra were measured using a hybrid detector consisted of Tibet II air-shower array, emulsion chambers, and burst detectors. The result indicated that the fraction of light elements among the all particle spectrum is less than 30%. We performed the second phase experiment in 2002-2005 to measure proton + helium together to confirm the previous result with higher statistics by improving the detection efficiency for the air-shower cores. The P + He spectrum was obtained in a good agreement with previous result by several times higher statistics. The flux of the light elements, together with the all-particle energy spectrum, indicates the dominance of nuclei heavier than helium in the energy range around the knee. We also present the outline of the next phase experiment, which is to measure the heavy elements around the knee, using low threshold air-shower core detector named YAC. (C) 2010 COSPAR. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Published
2011

2. The cosmic-ray energy spectrum around the knee measured by the Tibet-III air-shower array

Author

J. Y. Li, Shoji Torii, Y. Yamamoto, H. M. Zhang, X. X. Zhou, H. Sugimoto, Takashi Sako, Ning Zhang, Q. Huang, M. Sakata, L. Xue, C. T. Yan, Takeshi Saito, Xiaoqun Wang, X. R. Meng, H. H. He, T. Yuda, N. Hotta, Jia Zhang, Y. Q. Lou, H. R. Wu, Haibing Hu, Zhaoyang Feng, Katsuaki Kasahara, S. L. Lu, Hong-peng Lu, Zhaxisangzhu, X. J. Bi, H. Onuma, Y. Zhang, T. Sasaki, Y. Katayose, K. Mizutani, Labaciren, A. Shiomi, D. Chen, X. H. Ding, K. Hibino, H. W. Guo, X. C. Yang, Y. H. Tan, B. Wang, L. K. Ding, T. Ouchi, H. B. Hu, M. Amenomori, I. Ohta, Q. X. Geng, X. Y. Gao, Kazuoki Munakata, Shunsuke Ozawa, Danzengluobu, A. Nagai, S. Yasue, X. Y. Zhang, N. Tateyama, H. Y. Jia, Masato Takita, J. Mu, A. F. Li, H. Nanjo, M. Shibata, Jing Huang, T. Shirai, Harufumi Tsuchiya, S. W. Cui, G. C. Yu, Y. G. Wang, Yi Zhang, A. F. Yuan, Chihiro Kato, M. He, Masaki Nishizawa, Jieru Ren, Z. H. Ye, C. F. Feng, G. M. Le, Z. Y. Feng, S. Ayabe, F. Kajino, K. Kawata, Takashi Saito, Huaguang Wang, M. Ohnishi, and S. Udo

Subjects
Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Spectral index, Range (particle radiation), business.industry, Detector, Flux, Cosmic ray, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Computational physics, Air shower, Optics, Position (vector), business, Energy (signal processing)
Abstract

We present an updated all-particle energy spectrum using data collected in the period from 2000 November through 2004 October by Tibet III air-shower array. The energy determination of the air showers is made by fitting the lateral density distribution of the shower particles to the modified NKG function which is optimized by simulation calculation using interaction models of QGSJET01c and SIBYLL2.1 taking into account of the detector configurations. It is shown that the model dependence in the energy determination is not significant, being less than 5% in the absolute flux value, and we obtained the cosmic ray energy spectrum in a wide range over 3 decades between 10(14) eV and 10(17) eV, in which the position of the knee is clearly seen at around 4 PeV. The spectral index is -2.68 +/- 0.02(stat.) below 1PeV, while it is -3.12 +/- 0.01(stat.) above 4 PeV. The various systematic errors are under study now.

Published
2008

3. A large underground water Cherenkov muon detector array with the Tibet air shower array for Gamma-ray astronomy in the 100 TeV region: detector design and simulation

Author

C. T. Yan, T. Yuda, Y. Q. Lou, H. R. Wu, Jia Zhang, K. Mizutani, M. Amenomori, J. Y. Li, H. Y. Jia, M. Shibata, H. W. Guo, Chihiro Kato, M. He, H. Onuma, T. Sasaki, Labaciren, K. Hibino, T. Ouchi, H. Nanjo, Z. H. Ye, K. Kawata, I. Ohta, L. K. Ding, S. Yasue, Jieru Ren, T. Shirai, C. F. Feng, Masato Takita, Y. G. Wang, Q. Huang, H. H. He, G. M. Le, Takashi Saito, L. Xue, Shunsuke Ozawa, Huaguang Wang, A. F. Yuan, Zhaxisangzhu, Takashi Sako, B. Wang, Z. Y. Feng, Y. Yamamoto, S. L. Lu, H. M. Zhang, S. Ayabe, G. C. Yu, X. Y. Zhang, X. X. Zhou, X. Y. Gao, M. Ohnishi, Y. Katayose, X. H. Ding, X. R. Meng, H. Sugimoto, S. Udo, D. Chen, Zhaoyang Feng, N. Tateyama, Danzengluobu, Y. H. Tan, A. Nagai, Shoji Torii, F. Kajino, Xiaoqun Wang, Haibing Hu, Harufumi Tsuchiya, Y. Zhang, A. Shiomi, Masaki Nishizawa, M. Sakata, X. C. Yang, H. B. Hu, Q. X. Geng, Ning Zhang, S. W. Cui, N. Hotta, Hsiao-Chi Lu, J. Mu, A. F. Li, Yi Zhang, Jing Huang, Kazuoki Munakata, Takeshi Saito, Katsuaki Kasahara, and X. J. Bi

Subjects
Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Detector, Monte Carlo method, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Gamma-ray astronomy, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Physics::Geophysics, Nuclear physics, Air shower, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Sensitivity (control systems), Cherenkov radiation, Muon detector
Abstract

We are planning to build a large water-Cherenkov-type muon detector array around the Tibet air shower array for Gamma-ray astronomy in the 100 TeV Region. In this paper, we describe the design of the Tibet MD array and details of the Monte Carlo simulation to demonstrate the sensitivity of the Tibet AS+MD array.

Published
2008

4. A large underground water Cherenkov muon detector array with the Tibet air shower array for the Gamma-ray astronomy in the 100 TeV region: Overview and physics goal

Author

G. C. Yu, Jieru Ren, S. Ayabe, I. Ohta, Ning Zhang, Labaciren, Q. X. Geng, N. Hotta, Hsiao-Chi Lu, C. F. Feng, H. Y. Jia, J. Y. Li, J. Mu, M. Shibata, Jia Zhang, F. Kajino, A. F. Li, Jing Huang, Shoji Torii, Y. G. Wang, Chihiro Kato, Y. Katayose, A. F. Yuan, M. He, Takashi Sako, X. J. Bi, G. M. Le, D. Chen, K. Hibino, Xiaoqun Wang, H. Onuma, Haibing Hu, T. Sasaki, X. R. Meng, Zhaxisangzhu, Kazuoki Munakata, Zhaoyang Feng, S. W. Cui, B. Wang, H. H. He, Takeshi Saito, Q. Huang, Y. Zhang, Katsuaki Kasahara, T. Ouchi, K. Mizutani, X. X. Zhou, S. L. Lu, Shunsuke Ozawa, H. Nanjo, T. Shirai, A. Shiomi, M. Ohnishi, X. H. Ding, L. K. Ding, H. M. Zhang, Y. H. Tan, Yi Zhang, H. Sugimoto, H. W. Guo, S. Udo, Y. Yamamoto, X. Y. Zhang, Masaki Nishizawa, C. T. Yan, Takashi Saito, K. Kawata, Huaguang Wang, Z. H. Ye, T. Yuda, Y. Q. Lou, H. R. Wu, X. Y. Gao, Danzengluobu, A. Nagai, L. Xue, M. Amenomori, S. Yasue, Masato Takita, N. Tateyama, Harufumi Tsuchiya, X. C. Yang, H. B. Hu, and M. Sakata

Subjects
Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Muon, COSMIC cancer database, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Gamma ray, Astronomy, Cosmic ray, Gamma-ray astronomy, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Particle detector, Nuclear physics, Air shower, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Cherenkov radiation
Abstract

The Tibet air shower array with effective area 37,000 m 2 located at 4300m in altitude, in Tibet, China, is sensitive to celestial gamma rays with energies above a few TeV. We have a plan to add a large underground muon detector array to it in order to discriminate cosmic gamma rays from cosmic-ray hadrons and to increase its sensitivity by approximately one order of magnitude to cosmic gamma rays in the 100 TeV energy region. The overview of the plan will be briefly described.

Published
2008

5. Northern Sky Survey for Gamma-ray Point Sources in 100 TeV Region with the Tibet Air Shower Array

Author

H. Y. Jia, X. Y. Gao, C. T. Yan, Jia Zhang, Danzengluobu, A. Nagai, B. Wang, Takashi Saito, Katsuaki Kasahara, J. Mu, M. Amenomori, Chihiro Kato, M. He, H. H. He, Huaguang Wang, H. Onuma, Masaki Nishizawa, T. Yuda, T. Sasaki, A. F. Li, Jing Huang, Y. Q. Lou, H. R. Wu, Yi Zhang, C. F. Feng, Shunsuke Ozawa, Zhaxisangzhu, Y. Katayose, Jieru Ren, Takashi Sako, Q. Huang, G. M. Le, D. Chen, F. Kajino, Y. Yamamoto, L. Xue, Q. X. Geng, S. L. Lu, M. Ohnishi, S. Yasue, X. R. Meng, J. Y. Li, Shoji Torii, S. Udo, K. Mizutani, Kazuoki Munakata, G. C. Yu, Zhaoyang Feng, Z. Y. Feng, Masato Takita, S. Ayabe, K. Hibino, Z. H. Ye, S. W. Cui, Takeshi Saito, X. J. Bi, T. Ouchi, L. K. Ding, K. Kawata, X. H. Ding, Ning Zhang, Y. H. Tan, N. Hotta, H. M. Zhang, X. X. Zhou, Hsiao-Chi Lu, H. Sugimoto, M. Shibata, Xiaoqun Wang, Haibing Hu, Labaciren, Y. Zhang, A. Shiomi, N. Tateyama, Y. G. Wang, A. F. Yuan, Harufumi Tsuchiya, X. Y. Zhang, H. W. Guo, X. C. Yang, H. B. Hu, M. Sakata, I. Ohta, H. Nanjo, and T. Shirai

Subjects
Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, media_common.quotation_subject, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Gamma ray, Extrapolation, Flux, Astronomy, Cosmic ray, Astrophysics, Declination, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Galaxy, Air shower, Sky, media_common
Abstract

We searched for steady 100 TeV gamma-ray point sources from −10° to +70° in declination based on six year data obtained from Nov. 1999 to Nov. 2005 by the Tibet air shower array. No new source was found and no significant excess of events could be detected from known TeV sources. We set flux upper limits above 100 TeV on several nearby objects located inside Our Galaxy. All of them are slightly higher than extrapolation from lower energies by a factor of 1 to 20. Our new project named Tibet MD will improve our sensitivity by a factor of ∼10 in this energy region. We would discover ∼10 new sources and be able to measure cutoff energy of known and unknown sources, which might lead to identification of the origin of cosmic rays.

Published
2008

6. Spectral index of high-energy cosmic rays by the Compton-Getting effect at solar time frame with the Tibet air shower array

Author

K. Kawata, Ning Zhang, H. H. He, Xiaoqun Wang, M. Amenomori, Jieru Ren, N. Hotta, Haibing Hu, X. C. Yang, H. W. Guo, Labaciren, Q. X. Geng, G. C. Yu, M. Shibata, F. Kajino, H. Nanjo, S. L. Lu, T. Shirai, Y. Zhang, T. Ouchi, H. B. Hu, A. Shiomi, Takashi Sako, Takashi Saito, Hsiao-Chi Lu, X. H. Ding, Huaguang Wang, L. Xue, K. Mizutani, H. M. Zhang, X. R. Meng, X. J. Bi, M. Ohnishi, X. X. Zhou, X. Y. Gao, Y. H. Tan, K. Hibino, S. Yasue, Zhaoyang Feng, S. Udo, Danzengluobu, J. Y. Li, Katsuaki Kasahara, A. Nagai, H. Sugimoto, Masato Takita, Z. Y. Feng, Y. G. Wang, S. Ayabe, Kazuoki Munakata, Shunsuke Ozawa, A. F. Yuan, J. Mu, A. F. Li, Jing Huang, Chihiro Kato, M. He, M. Sakata, B. Wang, Zhaxisangzhu, X. Y. Zhang, Y. Katayose, C. T. Yan, D. Chen, Shoji Torii, I. Ohta, N. Tateyama, T. Yuda, H. Y. Jia, Harufumi Tsuchiya, Y. Q. Lou, H. R. Wu, Jia Zhang, C. F. Feng, H. Onuma, T. Sasaki, Q. Huang, G. M. Le, Y. Yamamoto, L. K. Ding, Z. H. Ye, Masaki Nishizawa, Takeshi Saito, S. W. Cui, and Yi Zhang

Subjects
Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Spectral index, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astronomy, Cosmic ray, Astrophysics, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Air shower, Solar time, Orbital motion, Ultra-high-energy cosmic ray, Anisotropy, Energy (signal processing)
Abstract

We report on the spectral index of cosmic rays around 10 TeV energy region obtained by observation of the Compton-Getting anisotropy due to the terrestrial orbital motion around the Sun with the Tibet III air shower array during the period from 1999 to 2005. The spectral index has turned out to be 2.99 ± 0.54 , which is consistent with 2.74 by the direct energy spectrum measurement. This method is a new approach to measure the spectral index and is complementary to the conventional energy spectrum measurement.

Published
2008

7. Primary proton spectrum around the knee observed by the Tibet air-shower experiment

Author

Jieru Ren, M. Ohnishi, Katsuaki Kasahara, Kazumasa Kawata, H. Y. Jia, G. C. Yu, T. Ouchi, Xuan Zhang, J. Y. Li, X. Y. Gao, L. Xue, Q. Huang, N. Tateyama, J. Mu, Zhaxisangzhu, G. M. Le, Shoji Torii, X. H. Ding, Jing Huang, K. Hibino, Yi Zhang, Y. Yamamoto, Harufumi Tsuchiya, N. Hotta, Z. Y. Feng, A. Nagai, M. Amenomori, S. Ayabe, H. Nanjo, T. Shirai, Hsiao-Chi Lu, K. Mizutani, X. R. Meng, Haibing Hu, N. J. Zhang, Chihiro Kato, M. He, Shunsuke Ozawa, H. W. Guo, M. Shibata, To. Saito, Jia Zhang, Y. Zhang, Kazuoki Munakata, I. Ohta, S. W. Cui, F. Kajino, C. T. Yan, X. C. Yang, A. F. Yuan, Z. H. Ye, H. Onuma, T. Yuda, T. Sasaki, S. Yasue, H. R. Wu, Q. X. Geng, X. Wang, Masato Takita, H. B. Hu, Huaguang Wang, Masaki Nishizawa, Labaciren, L. K. Ding, M. Sakata, Danzengluobu, Cunfeng Feng, A. Shiomi, Y. H. Tan, H. H. He, H. M. Zhang, X. X. Zhou, Yu Wang, H. Sugimoto, S. Udo, S. L. Lu, Y. Katayose, and D. Chen

Subjects
Physics, Atmospheric Science, Range (particle radiation), Proton, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Aerospace Engineering, chemistry.chemical_element, Flux, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Cosmic ray, Spectral line, Nuclear physics, Geophysics, Air shower, chemistry, Space and Planetary Science, General Earth and Planetary Sciences, Nuclear emulsion, Helium
Abstract

Simultaneous observation of gamma-families and their accompanying air showers was performed at Yangbajing (4300 m above sea level) in Tibet with the emulsion chambers and burst detectors which were linked with the Tibet-II air-shower array. For three years operation, we observed 177 gamma-families (Sigma E-gamma > 20 TeV) accompanying air showers with the size N-e > 2 x 10(5). Using this data and the simulation code CORSIKA, we obtained the primary proton spectrum in the energy range of 10(15)-10(16) eV. The slope of the observed spectrum is steeper than that extrapolated smoothly from the lower energy region below 10(14) eV, irrespective of the interaction models assumed in the simulation. The uncertainty of the absolute flux of protons due to the interaction model dependence involved in the simulation codes is at most 30%, which is much weaker than results of other air-shower experiments. Our experiment shows low intensity of light components (proton and helium) independent of the interaction models suggesting that the main component responsible for making the knee structure of the all-particle spectrum is composed of nuclei heavier than helium. This is the first measurement of the differential energy spectra of primary protons by selecting them event by event at the knee energy region.

Published
2006

8. Variation of Sun shadow in the Solar Cycle 23 observed with the Tibet air shower array

Author

Labaciren, H. R. Wu, N. Tateyama, K. Mizutani, X. H. Ding, Z. Y. Feng, S. Ayabe, Harufumi Tsuchiya, Shunsuke Ozawa, X. R. Meng, Q. X. Geng, M. Amenomori, C. T. Yan, Xuan Zhang, B. S. Wang, Zhaxisangzhu, T. Yuda, X. Wang, Jieru Ren, X. C. Yang, F. Kajino, Y. Katayose, H. B. Hu, M. Shibata, Y. G. Wang, Chihiro Kato, Huaguang Wang, A. F. Yuan, M. He, Y. Yamamoto, H. Y. Jia, Haibing Hu, I. Ohta, Q. Huang, G. M. Le, H. W. Guo, J. Mu, N. Hotta, M. Izumi, M. Sakata, K. Hibino, L. Xue, G. C. Yu, X. Y. Gao, Jing Huang, S. Udo, Danzengluobu, N. J. Zhang, Hsiao-Chi Lu, Cunfeng Feng, Katsuaki Kasahara, Z. H. Ye, H. Nanjo, T. Shirai, Masaki Nishizawa, L. K. Ding, Kazuoki Munakata, Y. Zhang, M. Ohnishi, S. Yasue, S. W. Cui, A. Nagai, Takeshi Saito, Masato Takita, Jia Zhang, Kazumasa Kawata, A. Shiomi, H. Onuma, T. Sasaki, H. M. Zhang, X. X. Zhou, H. Sugimoto, Y. H. Tan, H. H. He, S. L. Lu, J. Y. Li, Shoji Torii, T. Utsugi, and T. Ouchi

Subjects
Physics, Solar minimum, Atmospheric Science, Aerospace Engineering, Astronomy, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Cosmic ray, Astrophysics, Solar maximum, Solar cycle, Geophysics, Earth's magnetic field, Space and Planetary Science, Physics::Space Physics, Shadow, Astrophysics::Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, General Earth and Planetary Sciences, Astrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, Interplanetary spaceflight, Sun path
Abstract

According to many solar observations, the solar activity, during the Solar Cycle 23, is gradually declining to the quiet phase from the high state in 2000–2004. The Tibet air shower array has been continuing the observation of the shadow that cosmic rays make in the direction of the sun or the moon since 1991. We have shown the influence of the magnetic field around the sun, the interplanetary and the geomagnetic fields for the sun shadow at the multi-TeV region. We discuss the variation of the Sun’s shadow with the Gnevyshev gap (GG) in the maximum phase of the Solar Cycle 23. Unfortunately, the bottom in GG corresponds to off-observation period. Nonetheless, we found the anti-correlation between the significance of the Sun’s shadow and the variation of the magnetic field intensity around GG, although the statistical significance is not so high. It is expected that a detailed analysis of the Sun’s shadow will reveal interesting features of the anti-correlation.

Published
2006

9. Are protons still dominant at the knee of the cosmic-ray energy spectrum?

Author

M. Sakata, Xuan Zhang, Danzengluobu, Cunfeng Feng, Jia Zhang, Kazuoki Munakata, S. W. Cui, N. Tateyama, Katsuaki Kasahara, N. Hotta, Hsiao-Chi Lu, H. Nanjo, Harufumi Tsuchiya, Y. G. Wang, T. Shirai, Takeshi Saito, S. Yasue, J. Y. Li, A. F. Yuan, K. Hibino, H. Y. Jia, Jieru Ren, L. Xue, Kazumasa Kawata, Masato Takita, Shoji Torii, Zhaxisangzhu, X. C. Yang, A. Nagai, Z. H. Ye, H. B. Hu, J. Mu, Jing Huang, X. H. Ding, H. Onuma, T. Sasaki, H. W. Guo, I. Ohta, Shunsuke Ozawa, Labaciren, K. Mizutani, H. M. Zhang, X. X. Zhou, T. Ouchi, Yi Zhang, M. Amenomori, Masaki Nishizawa, G. C. Yu, H. Sugimoto, Z. Y. Feng, S. Ayabe, Y. Yamamoto, Q. Huang, G. M. Le, Haibing Hu, C. T. Yan, X. R. Meng, Y. Zhang, T. Yuda, A. Shiomi, N. J. Zhang, H. R. Wu, Chihiro Kato, M. He, Y. H. Tan, L. K. Ding, H. H. He, F. Kajino, S. L. Lu, Y. Katayose, D. Chen, X. Y. Gao, M. Ohnishi, S. Udo, M. Shibata, Q. X. Geng, X. Wang, and Huaguang Wang

Subjects
Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Range (particle radiation), Proton, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astrophysics (astro-ph), Monte Carlo method, Hadron, FOS: Physical sciences, chemistry.chemical_element, Cosmic ray, Astrophysics, Spectral line, Nuclear physics, chemistry, Event (particle physics), Helium
Abstract

A hybrid experiment consisting of emulsion chambers, burst detectors and the Tibet II air-shower array was carried out at Yangbajing (4,300 m a.s.l., 606 g/cm$^2$) in Tibet to obtain the energy spectra of primary protons and heliums. From three-year operation, these energy spectra are deduced between $10^{15}$ and $10^{16}$ eV by triggering the air showers associated with a high energy core and using a neural network method in the primary mass separation. The proton spectrum can be expressed by a single power-law function with a differential index of $-3.01 \pm 0.11$ and $-3.05 \pm 0.12$ based on the QGSJET+HD and SIBYLL+HD models, respectively, which are steeper than that extrapolated from the direct observations of $-2.74 \pm 0.01$ in the energy range below $10^{14}$ eV. The absolute fluxes of protons and heliums are derived within 30% systematic errors depending on the hadronic interaction models used in Monte Carlo simulation. The result of our experiment suggests that the main component responsible for the change of the power index of the all-particle spectrum around $3 \times 10^{15}$ eV, so-called ``knee'', is composed of nuclei heavier than helium. This is the first measurement of the differential energy spectra of primary protons and heliums by selecting them event by event at the knee energy region., Comment: This paper has been accepted for publication Physics Letters B on October 19th, 2005. This paper has been accepted for publication Physics Letters B on October 19th, 2005

Published
2006

10. A new project to search for high energy gamma ray point souces in Tibet

Author

S. Su, R. D. He, Gang Li, M. Shima, M. He, H. Nanjo, S. L. Lu, T. Shirai, Shoji Torii, Y. Yamamoto, M. Amenomori, Y. H. Tan, S. Z. Wang, Z. H. Liu, To. Saito, M. Ohnishi, W. D. Zhou, K. Mizutani, A. X. Huo, Katsuaki Kasahara, H. H. Kuang, P. Y. Cao, J. R. Ren, K. Hibino, M. Shibata, N. J. Chang, N. Tateyama, B. T. Zou, J. Y. Li, G. Z. Bai, I. Ohta, M. Nishizawa, M. Sakata, Y. X. Wang, H. Sugimoto, F. Kajino, T. Yuda, H. Y. Dai, C. R. Wang, K. Taira, N. Hotta, and Q. X. Geng

Subjects
Nuclear physics, Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, High energy, Air shower, Test array, Scintillation counter, Detector, Gamma ray, Angular resolution, Point (geometry), Astrophysics, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics
Abstract

A new experiment to observe gamma rays around 100 TeV at Yanbajing (4300 m) in Tibet, China is planned by a collaboration between China and Japan. To study the feasibility of this experiment a test array was built at Mt. Norikura in Japan. Preliminary results from a search for gamma rays from Cyg X-3 and Her X-1 observed by this air shower array showed the upper limit fluxes of 5.6 × 10 −13 cm −2 s −1 and 3.0 × 10 −13 cm −2 s −1 with a 95% confidence level above TeV, respectively. At the first step experiment we will set up 65 scintillation counters in Tibet. An angular resolution of the apparatus will be better than 1° at an energy of 100 TeV. The detectors are monitored by a nitrogen laser system automatically which guarantees a long term quality of the data.

Published
1989

11. Performance of the RPCs for the ARGO detector operated at the YangBaJing laboratory (4300m a.s.l.)

Author

Bacci, C., Bao, K. Z., Barone, Fabrizio, Bartoli, B., Bastieri, D., Bernardini, P., Buonomo, R., Bussino, S., Calloni, E., Cao, B. Y., Cardarelli, R., Catalanotti, S., Cavaliere, A., Cesaroni, F., Creti, P., Danzengluobu, D'Ettorre Piazzoli, B., De Vincenzi, M., Di Girolamo, T., Di Sciascio, G., Feng, Z. Y., Fu, Y., Gao, X. Y., Geng, Q. X., Guo, H. W., H. H., He, He, M., Huang, Q., Iacovacci, M., Iucci, N., Jai, H. Y., Kong, F. M., Kuang, H. H., Labaciren, Li, B., J. Y., Li, Liu, Z. Q., Lu, H., X. H., Ma, Mancarella, G., Mari, S. M., Marsella, G., Martello, D., Mei, D. M., Meng, X. R., Milano, L., Morselli, A., Mu, J., Oliviero, M., Padovani, P., Panareo, M., Parisi, M., Pellizzoni, G., Peng, Z. R., Pistilli, P., Santonico, R., Sartori, G., Sbarra, C., Severino, G., Shen, P. R., Sparvoli, R., Stanescu, C., Su, J., Sun, L. R., Sun, S. C., Surdo, A., Tan, Y. H., Vernetto, S., Vietri, M., Wang, C. R., Wang, H., Wang, H. Y., Wei, Y. N., Yang, H. T., Yao, Q. K., G. C., Yu, Yue, X. D., Yuan, A. F., Zhang, H. M., Zhang, J. L., Zhang, N. J., Zhang, T. J., Zhang, X. Y., Zhaxisangzhu, Zhaxiciren, Zhu, Q. Q., Bacci, C, Bao, Kz, Barone, F, Bartoli, B, Bernardini, P, Bussino, Severino Angelo Maria, Calloni, E, Cao, By, Cardarelli, R, Catalanotti, S, Cavaliere, S, Cesaroni, F, Creti, P, Danzengluobu, Piazzoli, Bd, De Vincenzi, M, Di Girolamo, T, Di Sciascio, G, Feng, Zy, Fu, Y, Gao, Xy, Geng, Qx, Guo, Hw, He, Hh, He, M, Huang, Q, Iacovacci, M, Iucci, N, Jai, Hy, Jing, Cl, Kong, Fm, Kuang, Hh, Labaciren, Li, B, Li, Jy, Liu, Zq, Lu, H, Ma, Xh, Mancarella, G, Mari, Stefano Maria, Marsella, G, Martello, D, Meng, Xr, Milano, L, Mu, J, Panareo, M, Peng, Zr, Pistilli, P, Saggese, L, Santonico, R, Shen, Pr, Stanescu, C, Sun, Lr, Sun, Sc, Surdo, A, Tan, Yh, Vernetto, S, Wang, Cr, Wang, H, Wang, Hy, Wei, Yn, Yang, Ht, Yao, Q, Yu, Gc, Yue, Xd, Yuan, Af, Zha, M, Zhang, Hm, Zhang, Jl, Zhang, Nj, Zhang, Xy, Zhaxisangzhu, Zhaxiciren, Zhu, Qq, C., Bacci, K. Z., Bao, F., Barone, Bartoli, Bruno, P., Bernardini, S., Bussino, Calloni, Enrico, B. Y., Cao, R., Cardarelli, Catalanotti, Sergio, S., Cavaliere, F., Cesaroni, P., Creti, D'ETTORRE PIAZZOLI, Benedetto, M. D., Vincenzi, DI GIROLAMO, Tristano, G. D., Sciascio, Z. Y., Feng, Y., Fu, X. Y., Gao, Q. X., Geng, H. W., Guo, H. H., He, M., He, Q., Huang, Iacovacci, Michele, N., Iucci, H. Y., Jai, C. L., Jing, F. M., Kong, H. H., Kuang, B., Li, J. Y., Li, Z. Q., Liu, H., Lu, X. H., Ma, G., Mancarella, S. M., Mari, G., Marsella, D., Martello, X. R., Meng, L., Milano, J., Mu, M., Panareo, Z. R., Peng, P., Pistilli, L., Saggese, R., Santonico, P. R., Shen, C., Stanescu, L. R., Sun, S. C., Sun, A., Surdo, Y. H., Tan, S., Vernetto, C. R., Wang, H., Wang, H. Y., Wang, Y. N., Wei, H. T., Yang, Q., Yao, G. C., Yu, X. D., Yue, A. F., Yuan, M., Zha, H. M., Zhang, J. L., Zhang, N. J., Zhang, X. Y., Zhang, Q. Q., Zhu, B., Bartoli, Bernardini, Paolo, E., Calloni, S., Catalanotti, B., D'ETTORRE PIAZZOLI, M., DE VINCENZI, T., DI GIROLAMO, G., DI SCIASCIO, M., Iacovacci, Mancarella, Giovanni, Marsella, Giovanni, Martello, Daniele, Panareo, Marco, and Q. K., Yao

Subjects
Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Gamma-ray Astronomy, Extensive air showers, RPCs, Gamma-ray astronomy, Detector, Astronomy, Extensive Air Shower, Time resolution, ARGO-YBJ experiment, chemistry.chemical_compound, chemistry, Operating temperature, Bakelite, Instrumentation, Argo, Counting rate, Remote sensing
Abstract

Bakelite RPCs, assembled according to the ARGO design, have been operated in the high altitude Laboratory of YBJ using dedicated electronics to pick-up the streamer signal. Here we report on the results concerning absorbed current, single counting rate, efficiency and time resolution. Environmental data concerning the operating temperature inside the ARGO experimental hall are also reported. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.

Published
2003

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