39 results on '"Peter Stoeter"'
Search Results
2. Texture Analysis of Standard Magnetic Resonance Images to Predict Response to Gamma Knife Radiosurgery in Vestibular Schwannomas
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Diones Rivera, Jose Bido, Luis Suazo, Jairo Oviedo, Herwin Speckter, Jairo Santana, Peter Stoeter, Giancarlo Hernandez, Santiago Valenzuela, and Cesar F. Gonzalez
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Adult ,Male ,Adolescent ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Neuroimaging ,Radiosurgery ,Standard deviation ,Young Adult ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted ,medicine ,Humans ,Child ,Prospective cohort study ,Aged ,medicine.diagnostic_test ,business.industry ,Magnetic resonance imaging ,Neuroma, Acoustic ,Middle Aged ,Magnetic Resonance Imaging ,Intensity (physics) ,Skewness ,Tumor progression ,030220 oncology & carcinogenesis ,Disease Progression ,Kurtosis ,Female ,Surgery ,Neurology (clinical) ,Nuclear medicine ,business ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery - Abstract
Purpose To search for texture features of routine magnetic resonance imaging to predict tumor volume reduction and transient versus permanent tumor progression of vestibular schwannomas treated by Gamma Knife stereotactic radiosurgery. Materials and Methods Included were 23 patients with vestibular schwannomas treated in our center and followed over a period of 23.7–80.3 months (mean 42.7). Magnetic resonance imaging was performed on a 3-Tesla scanner and included T1-weighted images with and without contrast enhancement, T2-weighted, and fluid-attenuated inversion recovery images. Volumetric results were followed longitudinally over time and correlated to texture features as mean, minimum, maximum, standard deviation, skewness, and kurtosis of normalized signals taken from regions of interest covering the total tumor volume. Results In total, 14 tumors showed early progression during the first 5–18 months (2 cases permanent, 12 cases transient), whereas 9 tumors regressed immediately after SRS. Kurtosis of T2-weighted image intensity values turned out to predict progression best with a sensitivity and specificity of 71% and 78%. From all texture feature parameters, only the minimum of the normalized T2-weighted image intensity values correlated significantly to the final reduction of tumor volume per month (correlation coefficient = −0.634, P Conclusions Texture feature analysis helps to predict permanent versus transient enlargement and final volume reduction of schwannomas after SRS. Thus, alternative treatment strategies might be considered, mainly in large tumors, where further clinical deterioration cannot be excluded. To confirm these results, a prospective study including more cases and a longer follow-up period is necessary.
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- 2019
3. Increased hippocampal head diffusivity predicts impaired episodic memory performance in early Alzheimer's disease
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Peter Stoeter, Markus Lorscheider, Igor Yakushev, Andreas Fellgiebel, Matthias J. Müller, Alexander Hammers, Ingrid Schermuly, Carsten Weibrich, and Paulo R. Dellani
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Male ,Cognitive Neuroscience ,Hippocampus ,Experimental and Cognitive Psychology ,Hippocampal formation ,Behavioral Neuroscience ,Alzheimer Disease ,Predictive Value of Tests ,Functional neuroimaging ,medicine ,Humans ,Dementia ,Age of Onset ,Episodic memory ,Aged ,Memory Disorders ,medicine.diagnostic_test ,Perforant Pathway ,Magnetic resonance imaging ,medicine.disease ,Magnetic Resonance Imaging ,Mental Recall ,Female ,Atrophy ,Psychology ,Neuroscience ,Diffusion MRI - Abstract
Recent neuroanatomical and functional neuroimaging studies indicate that the anterior part of the hippocampus, rather than the whole structure, may be specifically involved in episodic memory. In the present work, we examined whether anterior structural measurements are superior to other regional or global measurements in mapping functionally relevant degenerative alterations of the hippocampus in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Twenty patients with early AD (MMSE 25.7+/-1.7) and 18 healthy controls were studied using magnetic resonance and diffusion-tensor imaging. Using a regions-of-interest analysis, we obtained volumetric and diffusivity measures of the hippocampal head and body-tail-section as well as of the whole hippocampus. Detailed cognitive evaluation was based on the CERAD battery. All volumetric measures as well as diffusivity of the hippocampus head were significantly (p0.01) altered in patients as compared to controls. In patients, increased left head diffusivity significantly (p0.01) correlated with performance on free delayed verbal recall test (DVR) (r=-0.74, p=0.0002) and with the CERAD global score. Reduced volume of the left body-tail was also associated with performance on DVR (r=0.62, p=0.004). Stepwise regression analyses revealed that increased left head diffusivity was the only predictor for performance on DVR (R(2)=52%, p0.0005). These findings suggest that anterior hippocampus diffusivity is more closely related to verbal episodic memory impairment than other regional or global structural measures. Our data support the hypothesis of functional differentiation in general and the specific role of the anterior hippocampus in episodic memory in particular. Diffusivity measurements might be highly sensitive to functionally relevant degenerative alterations of the hippocampus.
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- 2010
4. Revised Definition of Neuropathic Pain and Its Grading System: An Open Case Series Illustrating Its Use in Clinical Practice
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R. Schwab, Christian Geber, Ulf Baumgärtner, Marianne Dieterich, Frank Birklein, Harald D. Müller, Clemens Sommer, Rolf-Detlef Treede, and Peter Stoeter
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Adult ,Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,MEDLINE ,Pain ,Physical examination ,Disease ,Neurological disorder ,Severity of Illness Index ,Diagnosis, Differential ,Craniomandibular Disorders ,Brown-Sequard Syndrome ,Severity of illness ,medicine ,Humans ,Medical History Taking ,Somatoform Disorders ,Prospective cohort study ,Physical Examination ,Pain Measurement ,medicine.diagnostic_test ,business.industry ,Neuromyelitis Optica ,General Medicine ,Middle Aged ,Trigeminal Neuralgia ,medicine.disease ,Surgery ,Neuropathic pain ,Neuralgia ,Physical therapy ,Female ,Ulnar Neuropathies ,business - Abstract
The definition of neuropathic pain has recently been revised by an expert committee of the Neuropathic Pain Special Interest Group of the International Association for the Study of Pain (NeuPSIG) as "pain arising as direct consequence of a lesion or disease affecting the somatosensory system," and a grading system of "definite," "probable," and "possible" neuropathic pain has been introduced. This open case series of 5 outpatients (3 men, 2 women; mean age 48 +/- 12 years) demonstrates how the grading system can be applied, in combination with appropriate confirmatory testing, to diagnosis neuropathic conditions in clinical practice. The proposed grading system includes a dynamic algorithm that enhances the physician's ability to determine with a greater level of certainty whether a pain condition is neuropathic. Its clinical use should be further validated in prospective studies.
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- 2009
5. Neural correlates of hemispheric dominance and ipsilaterality within the vestibularsystem
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Goran Vucurevic, J. Janzen, Peter Stoeter, Marianne Dieterich, Sandra Bense, T. Bauermann, and P. Schlindwein
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Adult ,Male ,Cognitive Neuroscience ,Vestibular evoked myogenic potential ,Stimulation ,Monaural ,behavioral disciplines and activities ,Young Adult ,Gyrus ,otorhinolaryngologic diseases ,medicine ,Humans ,Dominance, Cerebral ,Evoked Potentials ,Cerebral Cortex ,Vestibular system ,Brain Mapping ,Inferior parietal lobule ,Magnetic Resonance Imaging ,Functional imaging ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,nervous system ,Neurology ,Female ,Vestibule, Labyrinth ,sense organs ,Psychology ,Insula ,Neuroscience ,psychological phenomena and processes - Abstract
Earlier functional imaging studies on the processing of vestibular information mainly focused on cortical activations due to stimulation of the horizontal semicircular canals in right-handers. Two factors were found to determine its processing in the temporo-parietal cortex: a dominance of the non-dominant hemisphere and an ipsilaterality of the neural pathways. In an investigation of the role of these factors in the vestibular otoliths, we used vestibular evoked myogenic potentials (VEMPs) in a fMRI study of monaural saccular-otolith stimulation. Our aim was to (1) analyze the hemispheric dominance for saccular-otolith information in healthy left-handers, (2) determine if there is a predominance of the ipsilateral saccular-otolith projection, and (3) evaluate the impact of both factors on the temporo-parieto-insular activation pattern. A block design with three stimulation and rest conditions was applied: (1) 102 dB-VEMP stimulation; (2) 65 dB-control-acoustic stimulation, (3) 102 dB-white-noise-control stimulation. After subtraction of acoustic side effects, bilateral activations were found in the posterior insula, the superior/middle/transverse temporal gyri, and the inferior parietal lobule. The distribution of the saccular-otolith activations was influenced by the two factors but with topographic disparity: whereas the inferior parts of the temporo-parietal cortex were mainly influenced by the ipsilaterality of the pathways, the upper parts reflected the dominance of the non-dominant hemisphere. This is in contrast to the processing of acoustic stimulation, which showed a predominance of the contralateral pathways. Our study proves the importance of the hemispheric preponderance also in left-handers, which is of relevance in the superior parts of the insula gyrus V, the inferior parietal lobule, and the superior temporal gyri.
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- 2008
6. Association of 5′ end neuregulin-1 ( NRG1 ) gene variation with subcortical medial frontal microstructure in humans
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Norbert Dahmen, Georg Winterer, Peter Stoeter, Goran Vucurevic, Andreas Konrad, and Francesco Musso
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Adult ,Male ,Adolescent ,Genotype ,Neuregulin-1 ,Cognitive Neuroscience ,Population ,Nerve Tissue Proteins ,White matter ,Animal data ,Fractional anisotropy ,medicine ,Humans ,education ,education.field_of_study ,Genetic Variation ,Human brain ,Magnetic Resonance Imaging ,Frontal Lobe ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Neurology ,Frontal lobe ,Brain size ,Female ,Psychology ,Neuroscience ,Diffusion MRI - Abstract
Animal data suggest that the gene neuregulin-1 (NRG1) is involved in neuronal myelination. A haplotype (deCODE) in the 5' end region of the gene was described to double the risk for schizophrenia in an Icelandic population (Stefansson, H., Sigurdsson, E., Steinthorsdottir, V., Bjornsdottir, S., Sigmundsson, T., Ghosh, S., Brynjolfsson, J., Gunnarsdottir, S., Ivarsson, O., Chou, T.T., Hjaltason, O., Birgisdottir, B., Jonsson, H., Gudnadottir, V.G., Gudmundsdottir, E., Bjornsson, A., Ingvarsson, B., Ingason, A., Sigfusson, S., Hardardottir, H., Harvey, R.P., Lai, D., Zhou, M., Brunner, D., Mutel, V., Gonzalo, A., Lemke, G., Sainz, J., Johannesson, G., Andresson, T., Gudbjartsson, D., Manolescu, A., Frigge, M.L., Gurney, M.E., Kong, A., Gulcher, J.R., Petursson, H., Stefansson, K. 2002. Neuregulin-1 and susceptibility to schizophrenia. Am. J. Hum. Genet. 71, 877-892). Of note, there is now increasing evidence of disturbed myelination in this illness--particularly in subcortical frontal lobe white matter (Konrad, A., Winterer, G. 2008. Disturbed structural connectivity in schizophrenia--primary factor in pathology or epiphenomenon? Schiz. Bull. [Electronic publication ahead of print]). Therefore, we investigated with diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) the impact of a tagging single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) from the deCODE haplotype, i.e., SNP8NRG221533, on fractional anisotropy (FA), which reflects structural integrity of white matter. SNP8NRG221533 was selected because it gave the single best uncorrected association with schizophrenia in the original report by Stefansson et al. (Stefansson, H., Sigurdsson, E., Steinthorsdottir, V., Bjornsdottir, S., Sigmundsson, T., Ghosh, S., Brynjolfsson, J., Gunnarsdottir, S., Ivarsson, O., Chou, T.T., Hjaltason, O., Birgisdottir, B., Jonsson, H., Gudnadottir, V.G., Gudmundsdottir, E., Bjornsson, A., Ingvarsson, B., Ingason, A., Sigfusson, S., Hardardottir, H., Harvey, R.P., Lai, D., Zhou, M., Brunner, D., Mutel, V., Gonzalo, A., Lemke, G., Sainz, J., Johannesson, G., Andresson, T., Gudbjartsson, D., Manolescu, A., Frigge, M.L., Gurney, M.E., Kong, A., Gulcher, J.R., Petursson, H., Stefansson, K. 2002. Neuregulin-1 and susceptibility to schizophrenia. Am. J. Hum. Genet. 71, 877-892). As predicted, we found medial frontal FA to be significantly associated with this NRG1 gene variation. Using voxel-based morphometry (VBM), we could largely exclude the possibility that this genotype effect is indirectly caused by genotype-dependent effects on brain volume. This is the first demonstration that SNP8NRG221533 of the NRG1 gene affects medial frontal white matter microstructure in humans. As the degree of neuronal myelination contributes to structural integrity, our finding further supports a potential role of NRG1 in neuronal myelination in the human brain. By extension, our findings suggest that SNP8NRG221533 may contribute to the risk for the complex polygenic illness schizophrenia via its impact on myelination in frontal lobe white matter.
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- 2008
7. Topodiagnostic implications of hemiataxia: An MRI-based brainstem mapping analysis
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Jürgen Marx, Frank Thömke, Andrea Truini, Hanns Christian Hopf, Peter Stoeter, Sabine Fitzek, F. Galeotti, Gian Domenico Iannetti, Marianne Dieterich, and Giorgio Cruccu
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Adult ,Male ,Pathology ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Ataxia ,Inferior cerebellar peduncle ,Cognitive Neuroscience ,Functional Laterality ,Brain Ischemia ,Lesion ,Cerebellum ,Pons ,Image Processing, Computer-Assisted ,medicine ,Humans ,Prospective Studies ,mri ,Aged ,Aged, 80 and over ,Medulla Oblongata ,Pontine Base ,Spinocerebellar tract ,business.industry ,ataxia ,Dorsal spinocerebellar tract ,Cerebral Infarction ,brain mapping ,brain stem ,Anatomy ,Middle Aged ,Magnetic Resonance Imaging ,Paresis ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Neurology ,Spinocerebellar Tracts ,Female ,Brainstem ,medicine.symptom ,business - Abstract
The topodiagnostic implications of hemiataxia following lesions of the human brainstem are only incompletely understood. We performed a voxel-based statistical analysis of lesions documented on standardised MRI in 49 prospectively recruited patients with acute hemiataxia due to isolated unilateral brainstem infarction. For statistical analysis individual MRI lesions were normalised and imported in a three-dimensional voxel-based anatomical model of the human brainstem. Statistical analysis revealed hemiataxia to be associated with lesions of three distinct brainstem areas. The strongest correlation referred to ipsilateral rostral and dorsolateral medullary infarcts affecting the inferior cerebellar peduncle, and the dorsal and ventral spinocerebellar tracts. Secondly, lesions of the ventral pontine base resulted in contralateral limb ataxia, especially when ataxia was accompanied by motor hemiparesis. In patients with bilateral hemiataxia, lesions were located in a paramedian region between the upper pons and lower midbrain, involving the decussation of dentato-rubro-thalamic tracts. We conclude that ataxia following brainstem infarction may reflect three different pathophysiological mechanisms. (1) Ipsilateral hemiataxia following dorsolateral medullary infarctions results from a lesion of the dorsal spinocerebellar tract and the inferior cerebellar peduncle conveying afferent information from the ipsilateral arm and leg. (2) Pontine lesions cause contralateral and not bilateral ataxia presumably due to major damage to the descending corticopontine projections and pontine base nuclei, while already crossed pontocerebellar fibres are not completely interrupted. (3) Finally, bilateral ataxia probably reflects a lesion of cerebellar outflow on a central, rostral pontomesencephalic level.
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- 2008
8. Cortical representation of saccular vestibular stimulation: VEMPs in fMRI
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Peter Stoeter, M. Mueller, Thomas Brandt, Marianne Dieterich, P. Schlindwein, and T. Bauermann
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Adult ,Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Cognitive Neuroscience ,Vestibular evoked myogenic potential ,Stimulation ,Vestibular Nerve ,Stimulus (physiology) ,Audiology ,Evoked Potentials, Somatosensory ,otorhinolaryngologic diseases ,medicine ,Humans ,Saccule and Utricle ,Otolith ,Vestibular system ,Afferent Pathways ,Somatosensory Cortex ,Vestibular nerve ,Magnetic Resonance Imaging ,Reflex, Acoustic ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Acoustic Stimulation ,Neurology ,Reflex ,Female ,sense organs ,Righting reflex ,Psychology - Abstract
Short tone bursts trigger a vestibular evoked myogenic potential (VEMP), an inhibitory potential which reflects a component of the vestibulocollic reflex (VCR). These potentials arise as a result of activation of the sacculus and are expressed through the vestibulo-collic reflex (VCR). Up to now, the ascending projections of the sacculus are unknown in humans, only the representation of the semicircular canals or the entire vestibular nerve has been demonstrated. The aim of this study was to determine whether a sacculus stimulus that evoked VEMPs could activate vestibular cortical areas in fMRI. To determine this, we studied the differential effects of unilateral VEMP stimulation in 21 healthy right-handers in a clinical 1.5 T scanner while wearing piezo electric headphones. A unilateral VEMP stimulus and two auditory control stimuli were given in randomized order over the stimulated ear. A random effects statistical analysis was done with SPM2 (p0.05, corrected). After exclusion of the auditory effects, the major findings were as follows: (i) significant activations were located in the multisensory cortical vestibular network within both hemispheres, including the posterior insular cortex, the middle and superior temporal gyri, and the inferior parietal cortex. (ii) The activation pattern was elicited bilaterally with a predominance of the right hemisphere in right-handers. (iii) Saccular vestibular projection was predominantly ipsilateral, whereas (iv) pure acoustic stimuli were processed with a predominance of the respective contralateral and mainly in the left hemisphere. This is the first demonstration by means of fMRI of the cortical representation of the saccular input at cortical level. The activation pattern is similar to that known from the stimulation of the entire vestibular nerve or the horizontal semicircular canal. Our data give evidence of a task-dependent separation of the processing within the vestibular otolith and the auditory systems in the two hemispheres.
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- 2008
9. Diagnostic utility of hippocampal size and mean diffusivity in amnestic MCI
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Armin Scheurich, Paulo R. Dellani, Peter Stoeter, Dirk Greverus, Carsten Weibrich, Andreas Fellgiebel, and Matthias J. Müller
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Male ,Aging ,Amnesia ,Hippocampal formation ,Hippocampus ,behavioral disciplines and activities ,Functional Laterality ,Atrophy ,mental disorders ,Fractional anisotropy ,medicine ,Humans ,Hippocampus (mythology) ,Aged ,Analysis of Variance ,Receiver operating characteristic ,business.industry ,General Neuroscience ,Reproducibility of Results ,Middle Aged ,medicine.disease ,Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging ,Logistic Models ,ROC Curve ,nervous system ,Case-Control Studies ,Female ,Neurology (clinical) ,Analysis of variance ,Geriatrics and Gerontology ,medicine.symptom ,Cognition Disorders ,Nuclear medicine ,business ,Psychology ,Neuroscience ,Developmental Biology ,Diffusion MRI - Abstract
Hippocampus atrophy is a frequent finding in mild cognitive impairment (MCI), whereas diffusion-tensor-imaging (DTI) has demonstrated its value to detect subtle brain tissue changes in several neuropsychiatric diseases including MCI. To compare the diagnostic accuracy of both methods, high resolution MRI scans for hippocampus volumetry, and co-registered DTI-scans for ROI-based mean diffusivity (MD) and fractional anisotropy (FA) were carried out in 18 patients with amnestic MCI (7 females, age 67.3+/-8.7 years, MMSE 25.2+/-2.2) and 18 controls (age 66.9+/-9.0 years, MMSE 28.7+/-1.0). Diagnostic properties of normalized hippocampus volume (HV) and DTI measures with regard to MCI status were estimated by receiver operating characteristics (ROC) analyses and logistic regression. Parameters of the left hippocampus showed superior predictive power when compared to the right. At a specificity set to 80%, left HV had low sensitivity (50%); left hippocampal MD values revealed superior sensitivity (89%), similar to left hippocampal FA (78%). The results demonstrate higher sensitivity of DTI-derived left hippocampal parameters than volume measures in detecting subtle hippocampal abnormalities related to MCI.
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- 2007
10. Asymmetry in dopamine D2/3 receptors of caudate nucleus is lost with age
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Hans-Georg Buchholz, Thomas Siessmeier, Carsten Weibrich, Peter Stoeter, Ingo Vernaleken, Andreas Heinz, Paul Cumming, Peter Bartenstein, Gerhard Gründer, and Frank Rösch
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Adult ,Male ,Aging ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Cognitive Neuroscience ,Caudate nucleus ,Neurotransmission ,Functional Laterality ,Lateralization of brain function ,Animal data ,Dopamine ,Dopamine receptor D2 ,Internal medicine ,Salicylamides ,medicine ,Humans ,Tissue Distribution ,Receptors, Dopamine D2 ,Putamen ,Receptors, Dopamine D3 ,Middle Aged ,Endocrinology ,Neurology ,Dopamine receptor ,Positron-Emission Tomography ,Caudate Nucleus ,Radiopharmaceuticals ,Psychology ,Neuroscience ,medicine.drug - Abstract
Molecular and functional imaging techniques reveal evidence for lateralization of human cerebral function. Based on animal data, we hypothesized that asymmetry in dopamine neurotransmission declines during normal aging. In order to test this hypothesis, we measured dopamine D2/3 receptor availability with [18F]desmethoxyfallypride-PET (DMFP) in putamen and caudate nucleus (NC) of 21 healthy, right-handed males (24-60 years; 35+/-10). For volumetric analysis, high-resolution T1-weighted MR-images were obtained in 18 of the PET-subjects in order to assess possible age-related decreases in NC and putamen volume. The calculated DMFP binding potentials (BP) showed a right-ward asymmetry in NC of young subjects that decreased with age (r = 0.577, p = 0.006; Pearson correlation; two-tailed). An age-independent analysis showed a right-ward asymmetry in NC of the whole subject group (left: 1.49+/-0.35; right: 1.65+/-0.43 [mean+/-S.D.]; p = 0.020). No such side lateralization or age-effects could be found in the putamen. Volumes tended to be asymmetric in the putamen (right: 4.85+/-0.56 cm3; left: 4.64+/-0.86 cm3 [mean+/-S.D.]; p = 0.063), but not in NC. The decline of putamen volume during aging was significant in the right putamen (r = -0.613; p = 0.007; Pearson correlation; two-tailed). There were no other significant correlations between striatal volumes and age or BP. Because ventral striatal dopamine neurotransmission is involved in cognitive processes, this loss of physiological asymmetry in NC dopamine transmission during aging might be involved in age-related declines of cognitive performance.
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- 2007
11. High opiate receptor binding potential in the human lateral pain system
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Gjermund Henriksen, Walter Magerl, Roman Rolke, Hans-Georg Buchholz, Hans-Jürgen Wester, Alexander Bellosevich, Markus Piel, Frank Rösch, Thomas Siessmeier, Peter Bartenstein, Peter Stoeter, Ulf Baumgärtner, S. Höhnemann, Rolf-Detlef Treede, and Mathias Schreckenberger
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Adult ,Male ,Cingulate cortex ,Cognitive Neuroscience ,Thalamus ,Caudate nucleus ,Diprenorphine ,Pain ,Insular cortex ,behavioral disciplines and activities ,Cortex (anatomy) ,medicine ,Humans ,Operculum (brain) ,Anterior cingulate cortex ,business.industry ,Putamen ,Brain ,Nociceptors ,Anatomy ,Middle Aged ,Magnetic Resonance Imaging ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,nervous system ,Neurology ,Positron-Emission Tomography ,Receptors, Opioid ,business ,psychological phenomena and processes - Abstract
To determine how opiate receptor distribution is co-localized with the distribution of nociceptive areas in the human brain, eleven male healthy volunteers underwent one PET scan with the subtype-nonselective opioidergic radioligand [(18)F]fluoroethyl-diprenorphine under resting conditions. The binding potential (BP), a parameter for the regional cerebral opioid receptor availability, was computed using the occipital cortex as reference region. The following regions of interest (ROIs) were defined on individual MR images: thalamus, sensory motor strip (SI/MI area), frontal operculum, parietal operculum, anterior insular cortex, posterior insular cortex, anterior cingulate cortex (ACC; peri- and subgenual part of "classical ACC" only), midcingulate cortex (MCC, posterior part of "classical ACC"), putamen, caudate nucleus and the amygdala. BP for [(18)F]fluoroethyl-diprenorphine was lowest in the sensory motor strip (0.30). Highest BP was found in thalamus (1.36), basal ganglia (putamen 1.22, caudate 1.16) and amygdala (1.21). In the cingulate cortex, ACC (1.11) had higher BP than MCC (0.86). In the operculo-insular region, we found high BPs in all ROIs: anterior insula (1.16), posterior insula (1.05), frontal operculum (0.99) and parietal operculum (0.77). Factor analysis of interindividual variability of opiate receptor BP revealed four factors (95% explained variance): (1) operculo-insular areas, ACC, MCC and putamen, (2) amygdala and thalamus, (3) caudate and thalamus, (4) SI/MI and MCC. Nociceptive areas of the lateral pain system (frontoparietal operculum and insula) have opiate receptor BPs significantly higher than SI/MI, comparable to anterior and midcingulate areas of the medial pain system. These findings suggest that the cortical anti-nociceptive effects of opiates are not only mediated by ACC and MCC, but also by the operculo-insular cortex, if it can be assumed that opioid binding mediates anti-nociception in those structures.
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- 2006
12. Spatial resolution of fMRI in the human parasylvian cortex: Comparison of somatosensory and auditory activation
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Mustafa Özcan, Rolf-Detlef Treede, Goran Vucurevic, Ulf Baumgärtner, and Peter Stoeter
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Adult ,Male ,Cognitive Neuroscience ,Auditory cortex ,Somatosensory system ,computer.software_genre ,Sensitivity and Specificity ,Fingers ,Imaging, Three-Dimensional ,Reference Values ,Voxel ,Evoked Potentials, Somatosensory ,Parietal Lobe ,Cortex (anatomy) ,Image Processing, Computer-Assisted ,medicine ,Humans ,Dominance, Cerebral ,Auditory Cortex ,Analysis of Variance ,Brain Mapping ,Secondary somatosensory cortex ,Cerebral Aqueduct ,Somatosensory Cortex ,Anatomy ,Index finger ,Sulcus ,Image Enhancement ,Magnetic Resonance Imaging ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Acoustic Stimulation ,Neurology ,Touch ,Spatial normalization ,Evoked Potentials, Auditory ,Female ,Psychology ,Neuroscience ,computer - Abstract
In spite of its outstanding spatial resolution, the biological resolution of functional MRI may be worse because it depends on the vascular architecture of the brain. Here, we compared the activation patterns of the secondary somatosensory and parietal ventral cortex (SII/PV) with that of the primary auditory cortex and adjacent areas (AI/AII). These two brain regions are located immediately adjacent to each other on opposite banks of the Sylvian fissure, and are anatomically and functionally distinct. In 12 healthy subjects, SII/PV was activated by pneumatic tactile stimuli applied to the index finger (0.5 cm 2 contact area, 4 bar pressure), and AI/AII by amplitude-modulated tones (800 Hz carrier frequency, modulated at 24–36 Hz). Functional images were obtained with a 1.5-T scanner and were evaluated using SPM99. Sensitivity of fMRI activation in this unselected sample was 71% for tactile and 83% for auditory stimulation. Group analysis showed activation of SII/PV by tactile and activation of three locations in AI/AII by auditory stimuli. Distributions extended to the opposite side of the fissure (19–58% after tactile and 13–14% after auditory stimulation, depending on the side of stimulation/hemisphere). Morphometry of individual sulcal anatomy revealed that the course of the Sylvian fissure varied by 5.3 mm (SD) in vertical direction. Taking this into account, SII/PV was located 5.8 ± 2.7 mm above the Sylvian fissure, whereas AI/AII was located 6.3 ± 1.7 mm below the Sylvian fissure. Even in individual analysis, the most significant voxel after tactile stimuli in one subject was found on the “wrong” side of the fissure; this error could be ascribed to the spatial normalization procedure. These data show that fMRI signals may overlap substantially, even if the activated regions are separated by 12 mm across a major sulcus. Spatial normalization to an atlas template can introduce additional variance. Individual sulcal anatomy should be preferred over mean atlas locations.
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- 2005
13. Bilateral Wallerian degeneration of the medial cerebellar peduncles after ponto-mesencephalic infarction
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Sabine Fitzek, Clemens Fitzek, and Peter Stoeter
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Male ,Wallerian degeneration ,Pathology ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Retrograde Degeneration ,Brain Stem Infarctions ,Infarction ,Central nervous system disease ,Pons ,medicine ,Humans ,Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging ,Aged ,medicine.diagnostic_test ,Echo-Planar Imaging ,business.industry ,Magnetic resonance imaging ,General Medicine ,Middle Aged ,medicine.disease ,Hyperintensity ,Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging ,nervous system ,Female ,Tomography, X-Ray Computed ,Wallerian Degeneration ,business ,Echo planar ,Diffusion MRI - Abstract
Three patients with acute large paramedian ponto-mesencephalic infarctions developed a bilateral retrograde degeneration of the medial cerebellar peduncles within 4 months after the insult. In an initial magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) within the first 2 weeks, the medial cerebellar peduncles showed normal intensities, but a control MRI after 4 months showed bright hyperintensities in the T2-TSE weighted images, and moderately increased signal intensities in echo planar imaging-diffusion weighted imaging were seen, possibly representing bilateral Wallerian degeneration of the cerebellar-pontine fibers.
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- 2004
14. Altered effective connectivity during working memory performance in schizophrenia: a study with fMRI and structural equation modeling
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Ralf G.M. Schlösser, Bettina Kaufmann, Stefan Hunsche, Peter Stoeter, Thomas Gesierich, J. Gawehn, and Goran Vucurevic
- Subjects
Adult ,Male ,Ventrolateral prefrontal cortex ,Cognitive Neuroscience ,Models, Neurological ,Cerebellum ,Cortex (anatomy) ,Dysmetria ,Neural Pathways ,medicine ,Humans ,Prefrontal cortex ,Cerebral Cortex ,Models, Statistical ,Working memory ,Cognition ,medicine.disease ,Magnetic Resonance Imaging ,Dorsolateral prefrontal cortex ,Memory, Short-Term ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,nervous system ,Neurology ,Schizophrenia ,Female ,Schizophrenic Psychology ,Psychology ,Neuroscience ,Algorithms ,Psychomotor Performance - Abstract
The present study aimed to explore altered effective connectivity in schizophrenic patients while performing a 2-back working memory task. Twelve right-handed, schizophrenic patients treated with typical or atypical antipsychotics and 6 healthy control subjects were studied with fMRI while performing a "2-back" working memory task. Effective connectivity within a cortical-subcortical-cerebellar network for mnemonic information processing was assessed and compared between both groups. The path model included cortico-cortical connections comprising the parietal association cortex, ventrolateral prefrontal cortex (VLPFC), and the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) as well as a cortico-cerebellar feedback loop comprising prefrontal cortex, contralateral cerebellum, and thalamus. Group differences were analyzed with a stacked models approach. Relative to normal controls, both patient groups revealed a pattern of reduced connectivity within the prefrontal-cerebellar and the cerebellar-thalamic limbs but enhanced connectivity in the thalamo-cortical limb of the cortical-cerebellar circuit. Moreover, a direct comparison of both treatment groups revealed enhanced connectivity in the interhemispheric connections between the cortical association areas in patients treated with atypical antipsychotics. However, right prefrontal and left parieto-frontal path coefficients were lower in the patient group receiving atypical antispychotic drugs. The findings suggest that the relationship between pathology in cortical-subcortical cerebellar networks and associated functional connectivity is complex and may include aspects of increased and decreased levels of connectivity consistent with the notion of "cognitive dysmetria" in schizophrenia. The observed pronounced connectivity within thalamo-cortical projections could be attributed to a compensatory increase of thalamic input in the presence of disrupted effective connectivity within the preceding limb of the cortical-cerebellar circuitry. The study demonstrated the feasibility of structural equation modeling for the investigation of group and treatment-related differences in effective connectivity and provides a promising approach to further disentangle the relationship between altered functional capacity and associated fMRI signal changes.
- Published
- 2003
15. Projecting the sulcal pattern of human brains onto a 2D plane — a new approach using potential theory and MRI
- Author
-
Stephan Boor, Peter Falkai, Carl J. G. Evertsz, Peter Stoeter, R. Andresen, Heinz-Otto Peitgen, Mark A. Haidekker, and Clemens Fitzek
- Subjects
Adult ,Male ,Surface (mathematics) ,Biometry ,Similarity (geometry) ,Matched-Pair Analysis ,Dizygotic twin ,Models, Neurological ,Neuroscience (miscellaneous) ,Monozygotic twin ,Geometry ,Brain mapping ,Projection (mathematics) ,Image Processing, Computer-Assisted ,Twins, Dizygotic ,Humans ,Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging ,Mathematics ,Cerebral Cortex ,Brain Mapping ,Anatomy, Cross-Sectional ,Plane (geometry) ,Twins, Monozygotic ,Magnetic Resonance Imaging ,Psychiatry and Mental health ,Coronal plane - Abstract
A new method is introduced to project the sulcal pattern of the brain surface onto a 2D plane. Twin brains are compared against each other using the planar representation. We obtained T1-weighted Flash-3D MRI volumes from 14 male twins (seven monozygotic, seven dizygotic) with 3 mm-thick coronal slices. The projection is based on potential theory: A virtual electrostatic field is calculated between the area of the segmented brain and a surrounding spherical electrode. Field lines starting from each border point of the segmented brain follow the gradient towards the sphere, leading to field line concentrations due to the underlying sulci. The unwrapped sphere surface with the number of field lines per area unit is used as the 2D representation of the sulcal pattern. The resulting brain projections show a distinctive pattern, and a visual assignment of the twin pairs from the unsorted set is possible because of a high similarity of the patterns between twin pairs. Global correlation coefficients for each pair of maps yield significantly higher values for matching monozygotic twin pairs (mean = 20.2, range 12.3-25.6) than for unmatched pairs (mean = 13.0, range 1.1-28.5). As a conclusion, our method allows us to map the location and depth of the sulci on a 2D plane. The resulting maps allow quantitative inter-individual comparisons on the entire brain or parts of the brain surface.
- Published
- 1998
16. Corrigendum to ‘State dependent posterior hippocampal volume increases in patients with major depressive disorder’ [J. Affect. Disord. 135 (1–3) (2011) 405–409]
- Author
-
Ingrid Schermuly, Klaus Lieb, Peter Stoeter, Andreas Fellgiebel, and Dominik Wolf
- Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty ,business.industry ,medicine.disease ,Affect (psychology) ,Psychiatry and Mental health ,Clinical Psychology ,Endocrinology ,State dependent ,Internal medicine ,Anesthesia ,medicine ,Hippocampal volume ,Major depressive disorder ,In patient ,business - Published
- 2016
17. 150. Template of brainstem and cerebellum based on diffusion tensor imaging data and SUIT
- Author
-
Paulo R. Dellani, Jürgen Marx, Peter Stoeter, A. Kronfeld, and Goran Vucurevic
- Subjects
Physics ,Cerebellum ,Nuclear magnetic resonance ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Neurology ,Physiology (medical) ,medicine ,Neurology (clinical) ,Brainstem ,Sensory Systems ,Diffusion MRI ,Tractography - Published
- 2009
18. 58. White matter abnormalities in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: A diffusion tensor imaging study in adult patients
- Author
-
Andreas Konrad, Goran Vucurevic, D. El Masri, Georg Winterer, M. Bayerl, Peter Stoeter, T. Bauermann, and Thomas F. Dielentheis
- Subjects
Pediatrics ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Adult patients ,business.industry ,medicine.disease ,Sensory Systems ,Neurology ,Physiology (medical) ,medicine ,White matter abnormalities ,Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder ,Neurology (clinical) ,business ,Diffusion MRI - Published
- 2009
19. P24. Classical brain stem syndromes: Myth or reality?
- Author
-
C. Dierkes, Marianne Dieterich, H. C. Hopf, Peter Stoeter, Jürgen Marx, and F. Thoemke
- Subjects
Cognitive science ,Psychoanalysis ,Neurology ,Physiology (medical) ,Neurology (clinical) ,Mythology ,Psychology ,Sensory Systems - Published
- 2007
20. 3.2. Brain stem and cerebellar activation during optokinetic stimulation
- Author
-
Peter Stoeter, P. Schlindwein, T. Bauermann, B. Janusch, Sandra Bense, and Marianne Dieterich
- Subjects
Neurology ,Physiology (medical) ,Neurology (clinical) ,Biology ,Neuroscience ,Sensory Systems ,Optokinetic stimulation - Published
- 2007
21. Brain structural alterations in Fabry disease: ROI-based and voxel-based analyses of diffusion tensor imaging parameters
- Author
-
J. Albrecht, Peter Stoeter, Paulo R. Dellani, Michael Beck, Andreas Fellgiebel, and Matthias J. Müller
- Subjects
Physics ,computer.software_genre ,medicine.disease ,Fabry disease ,Sensory Systems ,Nuclear magnetic resonance ,Neurology ,Voxel ,Physiology (medical) ,medicine ,Neurology (clinical) ,Psychology ,computer ,Neuroscience ,Diffusion MRI ,Tractography - Published
- 2007
22. 17. Masseter reflex abnormalities with meso-diencephalic lesions
- Author
-
Jürgen Marx, Peter Stoeter, and Frank Thömke
- Subjects
Palsy ,business.industry ,Limb ataxia ,Sensory system ,Anatomy ,medicine.disease ,Sensory Systems ,Neurology ,Physiology (medical) ,Vomiting ,Medicine ,cardiovascular diseases ,Neurology (clinical) ,Brainstem ,Upbeat nystagmus ,medicine.symptom ,business ,Stroke ,Jaw jerk reflex - Abstract
different papers and some eponyms used to characterize a certain neurological state differ from the original description. Except for Wallenberg‘s syndrome, classical brainstem syndromes are rarely seen in clinical practice. Lacunar brainstem syndromes are the consequence of infarcts, which involve long tracts and spare intra-axial cranial nerve segments. This group includes pure motor or pure sensory stroke, dysarthriaclumsy hand syndrome, or ataxic hemiparesis. Such infarcts may also cause body lateropulsion with or without limb ataxia, internuclear ophthalmoplgia, skew-torsion sign, or ocular tilt reaction. Small deep infarcts, which solely affect certain nuclei, may be followed by horizontal or vertical gaze palsies, upbeat nystagmus, isolated facial palsy, pseudoneuritis vestibularis, or isolated vomiting. Lacunar syndromes are more frequent than classical brainstem syndromes. Isolated cranial nerve dysfunctions are due to infarcts, which involve intra-axial cranial nerve segments and spare long tracts, and were reported for 3rd, 4th, 5th, 6th, 7th, or 8th nerves. This is the clinical manifestation of some percent of infarcts in the vertebrobasilar territory.
- Published
- 2012
23. Laterality effects on monaural functional auditory brainstem responses
- Author
-
P. Schlindwein, Marianne Dieterich, and Peter Stoeter
- Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty ,Neurology ,business.industry ,Cognitive Neuroscience ,Laterality ,Medicine ,Brainstem ,Monaural ,Audiology ,business - Published
- 2009
24. Disturbed Frontostriatal Structural Connectivity is Correlated with Measures of Attention in Adult Patients with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder
- Author
-
Andreas Konrad, M. Bayerl, Peter Stoeter, Goran Vucurevic, D. ElMasri, Thomas F. Dielentheis, and Georg Winterer
- Subjects
Neurology ,Adult patients ,Cognitive Neuroscience ,medicine ,Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder ,medicine.disease ,Psychology ,Cognitive psychology ,Clinical psychology - Published
- 2009
25. fMRI study of blind typing. Anatomical substrates of the typing speed
- Author
-
Goran Vucurevic, S Giralt, Peter Stoeter, and J. Janzen
- Subjects
Neurology ,Computer science ,business.industry ,Cognitive Neuroscience ,Pattern recognition ,Typing ,Artificial intelligence ,business - Published
- 2009
26. 93. Structural brain abnormalities in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: A voxel-based MRI study in adult patients
- Author
-
Peter Stoeter, Andreas Konrad, Goran Vucurevic, Thomas F. Dielentheis, D. El Masri, M. Bayerl, Georg Winterer, and T. Bauermann
- Subjects
Adult patients ,business.industry ,computer.software_genre ,medicine.disease ,Sensory Systems ,Neurology ,Voxel ,Physiology (medical) ,medicine ,Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder ,Structural brain abnormalities ,Neurology (clinical) ,business ,Neuroscience ,computer - Published
- 2009
27. 175. fMRI of typewriting, differences between professionals and nonprofessionals
- Author
-
C. Weibrich, Goran Vucurevic, J. Janzen, Peter Stoeter, and A. Kronfeld
- Subjects
Neurology ,Physiology (medical) ,Neurology (clinical) ,Sensory Systems - Published
- 2009
28. 229 – ERBB4 genotype effects on human brain structure
- Author
-
Georg Winterer, Peter Stoeter, Francesco Musso, Andreas Konrad, Norbert Dahmen, and Goran Vucurevic
- Subjects
Receptor complex ,Haplotype ,Human brain ,Biology ,medicine.disease ,White matter ,Psychiatry and Mental health ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,nervous system ,Schizophrenia ,Fractional anisotropy ,biology.protein ,medicine ,Neuregulin 1 ,Neuroscience ,Biological Psychiatry ,ERBB4 - Abstract
Background:Disturbed functional and structural brain connectivity in schizophrenia has been shown in a large number of studies. There is evidence from several neuroimaging and post mortem studies that altered neuronal myelination may in part account for this deficit. Recent investigations have suggested that variations of the genes that encode the Neuregulin 1 (NRG1) ErbB4 receptor complex might be associated with schizophrenia illness. As NRG1 and ErbB4 have been implicated in myelination and neuronal proliferation. We investigated whether cerebral micro and macrostructure is predicted by two risk haplotypes of the ErbB4 gene. Methods: The effects of two single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) rs2289086 and rs4673628 were investigated by diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and voxel-based morphometry (VBM) analysis in 51 healthy subjects (mean age 22.6±1.8 years). Reaction time (RT) was measured during an attentional paradigm (visual oddball). Results: For both rs2289086 and rs4673628, we found higher fractional anisotropy (FA) in the A/A genotype group in left temporal lobe white matter. In addition, higher FA in the rs4673628 A/A genotype group was demonstrated in the subventricular zone. Conclusions: As FA is considered to index structural integrity of WM, to which neuronal fiber myelination is contributing, our results suggest that variations of the ErbB4 genotype may confer risk for schizophrenia illness via its impact on structural connectivity in human brain. References: Konrad A, Winterer G (2007). Schizophr Bull (online). Nicodemus KK, et al. (2006). Mol Psychiatry 11(12): 1062–5. Silberberg G, et al. (2006). Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet 141(2): 142–8.
- Published
- 2008
29. 3.5. Saccular activations in the brainstem and the cerebellum (fMRI)
- Author
-
Peter Stoeter, P. Schlindwein, Paulo R. Dellani, Marianne Dieterich, T. Bauermann, and T. Brandt
- Subjects
Cerebellum ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Neurology ,business.industry ,Physiology (medical) ,Medicine ,Neurology (clinical) ,Brainstem ,business ,Neuroscience ,Sensory Systems - Published
- 2007
30. P23. Large demyelinating lesion of the pons as a cause of a locked-in syndrome in multiple sclerosis
- Author
-
Frank Birklein, F. Thoemke, K. Lenhardt, and Peter Stoeter
- Subjects
Pathology ,medicine.medical_specialty ,business.industry ,Multiple sclerosis ,medicine.disease ,Sensory Systems ,Pons ,Neurology ,Physiology (medical) ,Tumefactive demyelination ,medicine ,Neurology (clinical) ,Locked-in syndrome ,business - Published
- 2007
31. P14. Impaired balance with brain stem infarcts
- Author
-
Peter Stoeter, H. C. Hopf, Giorgio Cruccu, F. Thoemke, and Jürgen Marx
- Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty ,Neurology ,business.industry ,Impaired Balance ,Physiology (medical) ,Internal medicine ,Cardiology ,Medicine ,Neurology (clinical) ,business ,Sensory Systems - Published
- 2007
32. 3.4. Functional brainstem infarction studies: Previous results and new ways of lesion coregistration
- Author
-
Peter Stoeter, F. Thoemke, Goran Vucurevic, and Jürgen Marx
- Subjects
Lesion ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Neurology ,business.industry ,Brainstem infarction ,Physiology (medical) ,medicine ,Neurology (clinical) ,Radiology ,medicine.symptom ,business ,Sensory Systems - Published
- 2007
33. P25. Sensitivity of imaging and electrophysiological brainstem testing in the diagnosis of acute vertebrobasilar ischemia
- Author
-
H. C. Hopf, F. Thoemke, C. Dierkes, Peter Stoeter, Jürgen Marx, and Marianne Dieterich
- Subjects
Electrophysiology ,Neurology ,business.industry ,Physiology (medical) ,Anesthesia ,Vertebrobasilar ischemia ,Medicine ,Neurology (clinical) ,Sensitivity (control systems) ,Brainstem ,business ,Sensory Systems - Published
- 2007
34. 1.6. Dysarthria due to ischemic brainstem lesions
- Author
-
P.P. Urban and Peter Stoeter
- Subjects
Dysarthria ,Pathology ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Neurology ,business.industry ,Physiology (medical) ,medicine ,Neurology (clinical) ,Brainstem ,medicine.symptom ,business ,Sensory Systems - Published
- 2007
35. Topodiagnostic significance of hemiataxia: An MRI based mapping analysis
- Author
-
Gian Domenico Iannetti, F. Thoemke, Jürgen Marx, H. C. Hopf, Peter Stoeter, Marianne Dieterich, S. Fitzek, Peter P. Urban, and Giorgio Cruccu
- Subjects
Neurology ,Physiology (medical) ,Neurology (clinical) ,Sensory Systems - Published
- 2007
36. High opiate receptor binding potential in the human lateral pain system: A (FEDPN)PET study
- Author
-
HJ Wester, Peter Stoeter, Thomas Siessmeier, Ulf Baumgärtner, Peter Bartenstein, S. Höhnemann, Rolf-Detlef Treede, Walter Magerl, Mathias Schreckenberger, Frank Rösch, H. G. Buchholz, and A. Bellosevich
- Subjects
Neurology ,business.industry ,Physiology (medical) ,Enzyme-linked receptor ,Medicine ,Neurology (clinical) ,Pharmacology ,Opiate ,business ,Neuroscience ,Sensory Systems ,System a - Published
- 2007
37. Laplacian brainprint-A MRI based method for the 2d representation of the sulcal pattern
- Author
-
Carl J. G. Evertsz, Mark A. Haidekker, Heinz-Otto Peitgen, Clemens Fitzek, Peter Stoeter, and S. Boor
- Subjects
Psychiatry and Mental health ,Computer science ,business.industry ,Representation (systemics) ,Pattern recognition ,Artificial intelligence ,business ,Laplace operator ,Biological Psychiatry - Published
- 1998
38. Disruption of cortical-subcortical-cerebellar networks in schizophrenia can be favorably influenced by atypical antipsychotics: A study with fMRI
- Author
-
Goran Vucurevic, Peter Stoeter, Ralf G.M. Schlösser, Bettina Kaufmann, Th. Gesierich, Stefan Hunsche, J. Gawehn, and W. Rossbach
- Subjects
Neurology ,business.industry ,Cognitive Neuroscience ,Schizophrenia (object-oriented programming) ,Medicine ,business ,Neuroscience - Published
- 2000
39. Effects of Haloperidol Treatment on Dopa Decarboxylase Activity in Schizophrenia
- Author
-
N. Heydari, J. Andreas, P. Benz, Peter Stoeter, Ralf G.M. Schlösser, Albert Gjedde, Eugen Davids, Gerhard Gründer, and Dean Wong
- Subjects
Neurology ,Schizophrenia ,business.industry ,Cognitive Neuroscience ,medicine ,Haloperidol ,Pharmacology ,medicine.disease ,business ,DOPA decarboxylase activity ,medicine.drug - Published
- 1998
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