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Introduction There is a paucity of data on educational interventions that prepare students to mitigate the stigma or burden of alcohol use disorder. The objectives of this study were to (1) assess the impact of an interprofessional symposium on personal knowledge and stigma of alcohol use disorder and (2) inform future educational models. Methods The symposium highlighted the impact of alcohol at one private Midwestern university and reviewed the pharmacology of alcohol, diagnostic criteria for alcohol use disorder, and treatment for alcohol use disorder. Prior to and after the symposium, participants were given nine statements (two knowledge-based and seven stigma-based) about alcohol use disorder. Agreement with each statement was measuring on a five-point rating scale, and responses were collapsed into three categories: 1 = low stigma/high understanding, 2 = neutral, and 3 = high stigma/low understanding. Change between response categories before and after the symposium were analyzed using a Wilcoxon signed-ranked test (W). Results A total of 87 responses were collected pre-symposium and 45 responses were collected post-symposium. Both knowledge-based statements showed an increase in individual respondent understanding of alcohol use disorder as a disease. All stigma-based statements conveyed a decrease in individual respondent stigma of alcohol use disorder as a disease. Test statistics (Z) for significant items raged between Z = 3 to 5, P Conclusions The symposium was successful at conveying positive changes in attitudes toward alcohol use disorder.

Intelligent education systems have enabled personalized learning (PL). In PL, students are presented with educational contents that are consistent with their personal knowledge states (KS), and the critical task is accurately estimating these states through data. Knowledge tracing (KT) infers KS (latent) through historical student interactions (observed) with the knowledge components (KCs). A wide variety of KT techniques have been developed, from Bayesian Knowledge Tracing (BKT) to Deep Knowledge Tracing (DKT). However, in most of these methods, the KCs are represented as stand-alone entities, and the effect of representing KCs using contexts such as learning-related factors has been under-investigated. Also, KT needs to generate personalized results to facilitate tasks such as exercise recommendation. In this paper, we propose two approaches that use a contextualized representation of KCs, one with a content-based approach and another with a Long Short Term Memory (LSTM) network plus a personalization mechanism. By performing extensive experiments on two real-world datasets, results show not only a tangible improvement in prediction accuracy in the KT task compared to existing methods, but also its effectiveness in improving the recommendation precision.

At the University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Electrical Engineering we have introduced several years ago the Bologna study. At the postgraduate or master level, students can choose among eight different possible study fields, where one is Control systems and computer engineering. In the first semester of this study field, all students have to attend the course entitled Modelling methods. As students come from different faculties, their first-level education differs. As a consequence, some additional effort is needed each year to adjust the knowledge, which is very important for all the participants, while new lessons have to be presented in a suitable manner as well. This has to be realized taking into account the available hours for this course and the personal knowledge of all students. The problem was addressed through the combination of different approaches: through the modular organization of the lectures and laboratory exercises, through e-learning extensions, through the development of Matlab toolbox, and through the project-oriented work and exams, which enable additional research activity with the possibility of students’ competition participation and/or presentation and publication of research results. Such an organization seems to have significant motivation potential.

With the rise of the information age and the ever-increasing amount of available digital information the practice of personal knowledge management is becoming more and more important for everyday life. There are various methods of personal knowledge management. However, existing practical implementations of those methods tend to be somewhat narrow in scope, performing specific sets of tasks. This paper considers an approach that combines multiple ways of managing personal knowledge into a hybrid system in an attempt to compensate for shortcomings of its components.

Many emerging technologies, such as our smartphones and computers, extend the capabilities of our cognitive systems by serving as external memory and sources of information. Despite such positive impacts, the increasingly ubiquitous human-computer partnership may fundamentally alter the ways in which humans perceive and evaluate themselves. This study examines features of technological devices that influence evaluations of personal knowledge (i.e., knowledge "in the head"). In two experiments, participants evaluated their cognitive abilities after using a technological device to find answers to trivia questions. In Experiment 1, participants who retrieved answers from the internet reported higher cognitive evaluations compared to participants who could not use the internet. Routine use of the device used to access the internet moderated this effect. In Experiment 2, participants who used their own device to find answers reported higher cognitive evaluations compared to participants who used a control device, and participants who used a smartphone reported higher cognitive evaluations compared to participants who used a laptop. We conclude by highlighting several variables emanating from both the sources present through the device interface (e.g., search engine), and the physical manifestation of the device itself, which may contribute to illusions of internal knowledge through technology use.

In Bangladesh, the development of entrepreneurship is especially significant for its intrinsic role of creating new employment opportunities, income generation, and ultimately poverty reduction. This research has put substantial effort to identify what factors affect an individual to be an entrepreneur. The underlying factors are categorized as push associated with some negative forces and pull linked with some positive forces. Primary data were collected from 57 respondents picked up purposively from among the individuals engaged in various entrepreneurial activities. The ownership style, nature of enterprise, Experience, educational qualifications, push and pull factors of the sample enterprises were considered as the main sources of primary data. Due to Covid's 19 pandemic situation, primary data were collected through the construction of structured google based survey questionnaire containing 12 pull factors and 7 push factors, finalized by reviewing several national and international literature. The data analysis has been performed in two ways: Average Response of the Respondent on a statement, Principle Component Analysis (PCA) using STATA tool. Based on a comparison between the outcome of “Average Response of the Respondent on a statement” and “Principle Component Analysis (PCA) of the Responses”, “Curse of Unemployment” has been identified as a push factor that compelled the respondents to become an entrepreneur. On the other hand, “Strong will power to do something by own”, “Self-Employment and Economic Freedom”, “Use of Personal Knowledge and Previous Experience” and “Career Advancement” have been found to be leading pull factors that encourage respondents to become an entrepreneur.

This work by Karl Engisch was, as far as I am aware, the first to reject the traditional but-for / sine-qua-non test as the exclusive test of factual causation, or even as a proper test when employed, as usually assumed, through hypothetical analysis of what might otherwise have occurred rather than real world analysis of what actually occurred. Engisch demonstrated the defects of the but-for / sine-qua-non test in duplicative and preemptive over-determined causation situations and the proper employment, instead, of a "covering law" analysis, according to which actual facts are tested for their causal status in singular instances through subsumption under the laws of nature to reach the correct answers. This work is a landmark in the German legal literature and likely had a significant impact on Hart and Honore's later landmark book, Causation in the Law. Honore, at least, likely read all of it. This is a translation only of Part II, The Condition Theory. The translation was initially done using Google Translate, which works quite well as an initial translation if one eliminates the carriage returns at the end of each few words in the box containing the text to be translated, but the resulting text sometimes needed to be revised based on personal knowledge. I welcome advice regarding any significant errors in translation.

Education is not only a guarantee of personal knowledge, but also a topic of national importance. In this paper, we analyzed the scientific papers published by authors from China and the United States in 239 educational journals over a period of 20 years (2000–2019). We first extracted the topic of each paper via the Latent Dirichlet allocation model, which demonstrated significant differences in specific sub-fields between both countries. Next, we constructed two networks of scientific collaboration among the educators of each country. By analyzing these networks’ topological properties, we show both countries’ differences and common features. Regarding individuals, Chinese educators collaborate widely, whereas American educators are more likely to collaborate in certain groups. Regarding groups, there exists an optimal team size for producing highly popular papers in both countries.

Organizations have managed information regarding knowledge of employees using processes such as codification, knowledge mapping, network analysis and personalization. Recently, personal knowledge registration (PKR) has become another way of managing this knowledge. Little is known about how organizations support PKR, and how PKR facilitates the flow of information and knowledge. This paper examines how different information management professionals access and use PKR. It is a multiple case study, with 43 semi-structured interviews and an analysis of strategic documents. The purpose is to shed light on strategic intentions with PKR, its collaborative tasks and qualities. A conceptual model was built for this purpose. The aim is to better understand how PKR works and to examine how information on education, training and the skills of employees is managed in organizations. The findings demonstrate that organizational strategies portray elaborate intentions regarding knowledge seeking and sharing, while less emphasis is put on knowledge registration or management. Interviewees expressed lack of appropriate actions to support PKR. Access and use of PKR is limited and the organizations still struggle to manage the PKR of their employees.

Knowledge is the foundation of emergency decision-making (EDM), in which the experts from multi-fields express their knowledge with multi-granularity linguistic model to assistant decision-making. Thus, the paper proposed a new decision support methodology to generate decision-making knowledge. In this paper, the framework of decision knowledge generation in the EDM was introduced firstly. To generate decision-making knowledge accurately and objectively, two objective models, which can effectively determine the weights of criteria and experts respectively, were built based on the tacit knowledge hidden in the original information. Then, the personal knowledge, generated by combining the normalized decision knowledge and the weight vector of criteria, is further aggregated into the collective knowledge by means of aggregation operator. Finally, an illustrative example is presented to verify the application of the proposed methods, and relevant discussions prove the results obtained from the proposed decision support methodology can improve the scientificity and accuracy of the EDM.

Study Objective: Many studies to date have looked at reasons for patient hesitancy or refusal to vaccinate. Demographic and socioeconomic factors, safety concerns, and beliefs about vaccines impact a patient or parent’s willingness to vaccinate. The speed of vaccine development and approval, divisive political climate surrounding COVID-19, underlying suspicion or lack of education about the virus, and effects of social media are factors that may make a COVID-19 vaccine uniquely contentious compared to other vaccines. Several studies have recently looked at vaccine hesitancy specifically related to COVID-19, exploring factors such as personal experience with COVID-19, personal knowledge about the virus, perception of virus severity, general confidence in vaccines, and trust in biomedical science and health care professionals. Recently, citywide studies have shown the disparities of vaccine uptake among various demographic groups;only 33% of Black adults have taken a vaccine dose while the rate for Hispanic adults is 4%;50% for white adults, and 70% for Asian adults. We believe the emergency department provides the opportunity to investigate and close these gaps by addressing hesitancy and offering the vaccine in the emergency department. Methods: We developed a questionnaire to evaluate patients’ and caregivers’ attitudes and knowledge of COVID-19 vaccine and investigate the reasons for the vaccine hesitancy amongst patients in the emergency department. Adult patients and caregivers of children 0-17 years were asked to complete this survey voluntarily using a QR code and a link to the questionnaire. Results: To date, 66 respondents accessed and completed the survey (34 adults and 32 caregivers). Though 64% of adult patients and 81% of caregivers thought that the COVID vaccine would be beneficial to their community, many were unsure or reported they would not take the vaccine. 56% of adult patients and 59% of caregivers were hesitant to receive the vaccine for themselves and 48% of caregivers were hesitant to give the COVID-19 vaccine to their children. The most commonly cited reasons being concern about safety of the vaccine and its side effects and poor understanding of the vaccine. 90% of the adult patients and 83% of caregivers stated they would take the vaccine for themselves in the emergency department if offered, and 85% of caregivers would consider giving it to their children. Many respondents belonged to communities of color (Black 16-36%, Hispanic 73-82%), where vaccine uptake was the least. Conclusion: The emergency department can address patients’ vaccine hesitancy and alleviate the disparities by making vaccines available in the emergency department.

The purpose of this qualitative phenomenological study was to explore the lived experiences and perceptions of those individuals who live next to or in the same neighborhood (area) as a registered sex offender (RSO) in Arkansas. The themes were safety of children, personal knowledge about the offender and or offense, extra precautions, perceptions about the notification process, and effect on lifestyle. The 20 participants were accepting of the situation, but expressed concern and the need to function rationally and with caution, particularly in terms of children. Conclusions also included the need to assess risk levels in terms of recidivism, registration requirements, and RSO policy effectiveness and providing accurate offender information.

This paper examines the relation between department affiliation and interdisciplinarity in terms of knowledge creation. While the claims made for the benefits or limitations of interdisciplinarity are diverse, they have been largely related to modes of academic governance or to the bare nature of disciplines. Less is known on the precise role of social networks in fostering or hindering interdisciplinarity within intraorganizational contexts. Thus, to explore the influence of network structure, tie strength and nodal properties in interdisciplinarity within higher education institutions, we study the structure and dynamics of academic's personal knowledge networks. It is used a mixed methods approach combining the delineation of personal networks with the ties' content analysis regarding a conceptual model specifically developed for this study. Personal network data were collected and semi-structured interviews were held with 32 academic staff members of the academic and research system in Catalonia, Spain. Findings suggest that belonging to a department decreases interdisciplinarity and that institutional constraints are more significant than the strength of the ties. Researcher's network centrality and strength of ties are positively related to interdisciplinarity. Structural holes control for certain organizational rewards and individual attributes but are not directly linked to interdisciplinarity.

Personal knowledge of the agricultural cycle the current agribusiness than any other age is more concerned about the information, accuracy and prospects. Based on Internet of Things (IoT), rapid development innovative things has reviewed virtually every industry, including smart agribusiness; the company has transformed its business from quantitative methods. This gradual change has shaken the current comprehensive agricultural technology and open new doors in the problematic border. This article describes the remote sensor and the IoT horticulture functions. The meet up with this innovative farming regular rehearsal, face the challenge to expect. Let's take a closer look at IoT gadgets, gadgets and how to deal with applications related to agriculture experienced remote sensors. Record the sensor in precise agricultural applications can access, such as soil preparations, crop conditions, water systems, insects and irritation testing from planting to harvesting stage throughout the harvesting, crushing and transport, innovative ways to help growers become more and more apparent. This method also considers crop scouting and other significant applications, such as using an automated aircraft to increase crop yields. In justified cases, it will introduce different things and the best model based on the agriculture stage. Finally, according to the in-depth study, goal will recognize agribusiness in the flow of things and a future model and respond to potential research challenges. This article also describes another gain awareness and ideal for the application, such as increasing the use of 5 G network support production. Finally, after careful research to understand the fate of the power of agribusiness and remote sensor model, and potential research model to respond to the challenge. Frame configuration and have a valid attempt Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) by site kit. Goal need to consider the speed and the rationalization of the regional planning framework.

Peer review has a key role in ensuring that information published in scientific journals is as truthful, valid and accurate as possible. It relies on the willingness of researchers to give of their valuable time to assess submitted papers, not just to validate the work but also to help authors improve its presentation before publication. Referees should allocate adequate time to prepare their review. They should have access to important resources such as PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar, and the websites of the Committee on Publication Ethics ( https://publicationethics.org/ ) and Equator ( https://www.equator-network.org/ ) which has a useful ‘toolkit’ for reviewing. Comments on the papers are ideally numbered and objective, assessing study design (including sample size), data analysis, interpretation, and strengths and weaknesses. Maintaining confidentiality is essential. Being asked to be a referee is a privilege and has benefits for the reviewer, including exposure to new ideas, staying aware of recent trends, increasing personal knowledge, and learning from good authors how to write better.

People are used to log their life on social media platforms. In this paper, we aim to extract life events by leveraging both visual and textual information shared on Twitter and construct personal knowledge bases of individuals. The issues to be tackled include (1) not all text descriptions are related to life events, (2) life events in a text description can be expressed explicitly or implicitly, (3) the predicates in the implicit life events are often absent, and (4) the mapping from natural language predicates to knowledge base relations may be ambiguous. A multimodal joint learning approach trained on both text and images from social media posts shared on Twitter is proposed to detect life events in tweets and extract event components including subjects, predicates, objects, and time expressions. Finally, the extracted information is transformed to knowledge base facts. The evaluation is performed on a collection of lifelogs from 18 Twitter users. Experimental results show our proposed system is effective in life event extraction, and the constructed personal knowledge bases are expected to be useful to memory recall applications.

Objective To compare key characteristics of ophthalmology training programs in 6 different English-speaking countries: Australia, New Zealand, Canada, Ireland, the United Kingdom, and the United States. Participants Seven ophthalmologists with personal knowledge of all 6 systems contributed. Methods The main features examined were career pathway, duration of training, surgical training, governing bodies, and examination structure. Data were collected from the literature, online resources, and personal experience. Results Several differences were highlighted, including length of training (ranging from 4 to 9 years after medical school), number of surgical procedures such as cataracts (ranging from minimum 86 to approximately 600), and structure of fellowship training. Conclusions As trainees increasingly seek international experience to enhance their knowledge and skills, the similarities and differences between training programs in different countries have become more relevant. Some of these differences may reflect differing needs of different patient populations and different healthcare delivery systems across the globe. However, these differences should also prompt educators to more carefully scrutinize their own training system and search for potential improvements.

In this paper we develop a theory of the psychological preconditions for greater survival in complex evolving socioeconomic systems ordered by radically uncertain institutions. We introduce the notion of the antifragile personality, whose personal knowledge of how and why to act in the world grows in the presence of radical uncertainty. We make use of a new theory of the mind as a network structure within and upon which the psychological process operates to elaborate the psychological properties of the antifragile personality and discuss its consonance with aspects of Jungian psychology. We extend aspects of the Schumpeterian, Kirznerian and Lachmannian entrepreneurs, as well as Ulrich Witt's notions of the necessity of adaptability and imagination and Caroline Gerschlager's exegesis of "agents of change" by giving them greater foundation in psychology while unifying them by showing how they identify aspects of an underlying antifragile personality. We formulate definite predictions using our theory about the psychological factors in socioeconomic success which align well with existing data and investigate how our theory offers practical advice for strategy in evolutionary socioeconomies ordered by radically uncertain institutions.

In the micro-blog scenario, personal user profiling relying on content is limited for recommending desired diverse subjects due to its shortcomings of short text, often leading to a poor recall. Currently, many methods only utilized the personal knowledge from each individual user to represent user profile without considering the neighborhood information. However, resource information related to neighboring friends play an important role in improving the performance of recommender systems. In this paper, we present the personalized expanded user profiling for micro-blog subject recommendation via ontology semantics structure. Next, taking into account diffusion ability of followee friends, we discuss resource perception relationship (RPR) and follow perception relationship (FPR). Finally, we discuss how, by adjusting the importance of RPR and FPR, the neighborhood is selected to construct neighborhood-user profile, which can mine new relevant subjects for target user. Our experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of our neighborhood-user profiling in comparison to the existing collaborative filtering and personal user profile recommendation approaches on Sina micro-blog platform datasets.

11th International Strategic Management Conference -- JUL 23-25, 2015 -- Vienna, AUSTRIA WOS: 000380408600081 Tacit knowledge is considered as a strategic factor in knowledge management implementation. Accordingly, it attracts significant attention both from researchers and academicians. Managing tacit knowledge effectively and efficiently is becoming a key success factor for organizations. To gain competitive advantage by using tacit knowledge, tacit knowledge should be understood well. Determining critical factors of tacit knowledge is expected to be helpful. The critical factors of tacit knowledge are one of the challenging issues in knowledge management. This paper aims to analyze critical factors of tacit knowledge based survey data. The survey of this study is conducted on composed of 30 companies from different sectors within service industry in Turkey. The obtained data from the surveys is analyzed through the SPSS statistical packaged software. Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) and Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) show that tacit knowledge was divided into four factors, namely individual/personal knowledge, managerial knowledge, expertise knowledge, and collective knowledge. (C) 2015 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.

Although environmentally sustainable interior design (ESID) has become a major issue in interior design practice, according to the literature the frequency with which interior designers make sustainable choices in real practice is still limited, particularly where materials selection is concerned. This research aimed to develop a comprehensive understanding of what constitutes a sustainable material choice and subsequently undertake a study of the current supply of and demand for green, sustainable and Fair Trade (GSFT) products for interior design practice. In the first instance a desk study of currently available GSFT materials was undertaken. Following this non-participant structured observation of accessibility of GSFT products and a survey on the supply of GSFT materials was undertaken. Finally semi structured interviews with retailers were conducted. The results demonstrate the wide range of GSFT products that are currently in the marketplace (including fabrics, window treatments, surface materials, flooring, walls and ceilings) and indeed many of these materials and products could be sourced from the retail outlets surveyed during the research. However it was not easy to readily identify GSFT products and frequently the researcher had to look through volumes of materials, relying on personal knowledge and manufacturers’ literature to determine the provenance of the materials marketed. Sourcing products in this way is inefficient and time consuming and has been highlighted as a barrier to engaging in ESID in the literature. Only a small number of the retailers interviewed have actively encouraged their customers to purchase GSFT. This reluctance to promote GSFT may reflect a lack of information on the provenance of materials to hand but also their belief that people are not aware of the benefits of either sustainable or green materials and therefore not engaged in ESID. If they perceived that there was a greater demand for GSFT products, the retailers may choose to promote these materials more effectively. The research has confirmed how difficult it is to find information on the provenance of materials to encourage the practice of ESID. Better access to a basic knowledge of sustainability as well as more up-to-date information about sustainable materials will play a critical role in promoting sustainable practice.

A genealogical theory of new venture creation posits that “parent” firm routines are transferred to “progeny” ventures founded by the former employees of these parents. This study examines how the knowledge available to a venture from its parent firms and individual founders, as well as its initial technological direction, influences its own creation of impactful knowledge. We argue that new knowledge creation involves the recombination of underlying knowledge elements and hypothesize that the degree to which the venture's knowledge domain overlaps with the parents' knowledge has positive, but diminishing effects on the impact of knowledge created by the venture. We also predict that the breadth of founders' personal knowledge has a positive effect, but that the divergence between individual founders' and parent firm's knowledge domains has a negative effect on the creation of impactful knowledge by the venture. We test our predictions using a sample of 219 biotechnology ventures founded over the eleven year period 1990–2000 and tracked through 2010. Our results contribute to the entrepreneurship, knowledge creation, and genealogical literatures.

This study examines conditions impacting early design expertise development, as identified in student accounts of design education experiences. Thirty-eight interior design students participated in interviews. A constant comparative approach was applied to identify key themes. Findings indicate interviewees perceived conditions influencing their efforts at expertise development in the areas of interpersonal relationships; personal knowledge, skills, and attributes; pedagogical culture; and resources. While this study does not purport to identify conditions influencing design expertise development for all students, it does suggest such development cannot be assumed to concern only cognitive and other personal development factors. A proposed model, derived from findings, is illustrated and directions for future research are explored.

Awareness of environment trends and global warming is widespread, but personal knowledge of energy consumption is not provided in real-time or in an actionable manner to individual consumers. Using recent work in eco-visualization, an innovative mobile application has been developed, depicted with a turning leaf. The illustration of individual energy use in a mobile hand held device is designed to improve awareness while encouraging personal conservation. Additional user motivation may be present, with the turning leaf symbolizing turning over a new leaf or encouraging positive social behaviors. The mobile application is illustrated, with an analysis of the motivation and behavior which would be expected from energy-aware users.

Though studies in the Western and Asian settings have already provided ample evidence in the symbolic relationship between teacher cognition and classroom teaching, such relationship has remained unexplored in the Philippine setting. Hence, this study aims to describe the beliefs in the teaching of English grammar of experienced and less experienced Filipino ESL teachers in a senior high school. It also compared their beliefs and actual classroom teaching to establish if there is match between what they think and practice. Reasons for divergence from their beliefs were also explored. Results revealed that teachers’ personal theories become the basis for their personal knowledge, thus have strong influence on their planning, instructional decisions and classroom practices. While both teachers share similarities on their cognition and practice on grammar teaching, minimal differences were documented. Experienced teacher has a greater tendency to translate stated beliefs to actual practice. Contextual factor such as time, curriculum, efforts to improve one’s practice and the learners themselves were the cited reasons for teachers’ divergence.

According to Section 137 of the Indian Evidence Act, the examination of a witness by the party who calls him is called his examination-in-chief; the examination of a witness by the adverse party is called his cross-examination; and, the examination of a witness, subsequent to the cross examination by the party who called him, is called his re-examination. It is settled law that once the affidavit in lieu of examination-in-chief is filed, it partakes the character of the examination-in-chief of the concerned witness. The purpose of Order XVIII, Rule 4 of the Civil Procedure Code, 1908 is to ensure that there is speedy trial of the case and the time of the Court is not wasted in recording lengthy examination-in-chief. The contents of an Evidence Affidavit can be segregated into the following four broad categories: (i) matters that are relevant and are within the personal knowledge of the deponent; (ii) matters that are possibly relevant but are not within the personal knowledge of the deponent; (iii) matters that are neither relevant nor are within the personal knowledge of the deponent; and (iv) statements in the nature of legal submissions, arguments and pleadings. So far as statements in the nature of legal submissions, arguments and pleadings are concerned, these are clearly beyond the pale of examination-in-chief. Matters which are relevant and are within the personal knowledge of the deponent indisputably form an intrinsic part of the examination-in-chief. The statements which are only possibly relevant, whether based on personal knowledge of the deponent or otherwise, are within the pale of examination-in-chief, because the issue of relevancy is always subject to the final arguments at the final hearing of the suit. But the material which is completely extraneous and is entirely outside the domain of the personal knowledge of the deponent cannot possibly be part of the testimony of the deponent examined in chief. It is permissible and is often necessary for a Court, with a view to expedite the trial and to avoid a needlessly protracted cross examination on irrelevancies and matter that is not ‘evidence’ to order that any such material that does not constitute evidence be struck off or be ordered or directed to be ignored without fear of adverse consequence.

Over the past twenty years the number of full-time fishermen in Northern Ireland has declined dramatically and the perception of risk within the industry may be one salient factor affecting this trend. This research investigated the influential effect of risk in the decision making process and was carried out in Portavogie harbour with forty active fishermen. An in-depth survey utilising projective techniques analysed through principal component analysis and hierarchical cluster analysis revealed that fishermen simplify the decision making process. A two factor solution (75% of the variance) indicated that risks associated with personal injury or death are perceived as either acute or chronic. Further analysis of the dimensions of the risk revealed three important facets that are considered when making a judgement about the risk – personal knowledge, likely outcome and scientific data provided. Socio demographic variables found to affect risk perception included the age, experience, current role and boat ownership. Recommendations include improving risk communication recognising that different strategies are required for acute and chronic risk and that training within their core skills programmes and recognition that improved scientific communications will help alleviate the risk perceived.

While articulation gap describes skill deficiencies displayed by university entrants emerging from underperforming schools, the high attrition and articulation gap at postgraduate levels demonstrate inadequacies of the entry-level intervention programmes implemented to address these challenges. Since inadequate socialization into postgraduate research and limited supervisor support contribute to the articulation gap and attrition rates at South African universities, digital storytelling (DST) potentially addresses these challenges. DST tends to foreground rigorous research, script writing, collective engagement and public expression of subdued voices to ensure effective participation in higher education. The research explores the potential of DST to externalize personal knowledge among postgraduate students at a South African university. It employs a Knowledge Audio Repository (KAR) for the generation and archiving of knowledge for future access and reuse. Findings suggest that DST is ideal for information generation, collaborative engagement and tracking of the developmental trajectory of postgraduates involved in cognitively-demanding research activities.

Willingness to communicate (WTC) has been defined as the intention to initiate communication, given a choice. It was speculated that orientations toward language learning would affect students’ WTC in a foreign language (FL). Being that, Urmia university students, living in a somewhat multilingual community, participated in the current study. Be that as it may, questionnaires on WTC inside and outside the classroom and the questionnaire on language learning orientations adapted from MacIntyre, et al., (2001) were put to good use for the purpose of collecting data. Hence WTC inside and outside the classroom was measured in each of four skill areas: speaking, writing, reading, and comprehension. Alternatively, five orientations or causes of studying a FL were investigated: travel, job related, friendship, personal knowledge, and school achievement. Under those circumstances, results revealed that application of all five orientations for language learning was poorly correlated with WTC both inside and outside the classroom. Moreover, job related orientation scores were weakly correlated with WTC outside the classroom contrary to expectations. Given these points, it would come to light that stronger orientations for language learning tend to be more favorably related to WTC inside than outside the classroom.

Objective To assess public attitudes toward placing age limits on men and women seeking fertility treatment. Design Cross-sectional web-based survey. Setting Not applicable. Patient(s) A nationally representative sample of 1,427 adults in the United States. Intervention(s) Not applicable. Main Outcome Measure(s) Support for placing age limits on people seeking fertility treatment. Result(s) Sixty-seven percent of respondents supported placing age limits on women, whereas 57% supported placing age limits on men seeking fertility treatments. Sixty-four percent agreed with current American Society for Reproductive Medicine guidelines that ET should not be undertaken beyond age 55 years. Whereas 55% of respondents supported placing age limits on both men and women, 12% supported age limits on women but not men, and 3% supported age limits on men but not women. Men were more likely to answer discordantly when compared with female respondents. Individuals older than 50 years, who lived in the western United States, or with a personal knowledge of someone who used assisted reproductive technology were more likely to support age limits on both women and men seeking fertility treatments. Sexual minorities, people without biological children, and single, long-term partnered or divorced/widowed respondents were less likely to support age limits on men or women seeking fertility treatments. Conclusion(s) Fifty-five percent of respondents in a nationally representative sample support upper age limits on both men and women seeking fertility treatments. Support was associated with various demographic characteristics. Men were more likely than women to support age limits only on women.

Display Omitted Data is automatically collected, standardized, represented and integrated to support multicenter studies.Bio-psycho-social data is standardized into multidimensional indicators (ICF).Graphical representations are useful to diagnose and compare deficiencies quickly.Users find it useful to obtain information to generate knowledge and to promote knowledge democratization and informed opinions. ObjectivesThis research is concerned with the study of a new social-network platform, which (1) provides people with disabilities of neurological origin, their relatives, health professionals, therapists, carers and institutions with an interoperable platform that supports standard indicators, (2) promotes knowledge democratization and user empowerment, and (3) allows making decisions with a more informed opinion. MethodsA new social network, Circles of Health, has been designed, developed and tested by end-users. To allow monitoring the evolution of people's health status and comparing it with other users and with their cohort, anonymized data of 2675 people from comprehensive and multidimensional medical evaluations, carried out yearly from 2006 to 2010, have been standardized to the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health, integrated into the corresponding medical health records and then used to automatically generate and graphically represent multidimensional indicators. These indicators have been integrated into Circles of Health's social environment, which has been then evaluated via expert and user-experience analyses. ResultsPatients used Circles of Health to exchange bio-psycho-social information (medical and otherwise) about their everyday lives. Health professionals remarked that the use of color-coding in graphical representations is useful to quickly diagnose deficiencies, difficulties or barriers in rehabilitation. Most people with disabilities complained about the excessive amount of information and the difficulty in interpreting graphical representations. ConclusionsHealth professionals found Circles of Health useful to generate a more integrative understanding of health based on a comprehensive profile of individuals instead of being focused on patient's diseases and injuries. People with disabilities found enriching personal knowledge with the experiences of other users helpful. The number of descriptors used at the same time in the graphical interface should be reduced in future versions of the social-network platform.

Summary Objectives To examine nurses’ experiences of performing clinical judgements of patient pain and sedative requirements after implementation of assessment tools, and how the tools influenced these judgements. Background Clinical judgement in ICU pain and sedation management is complex. There appears to be a gap between knowledge, attitudes and practice, reflecting an overall lack of adherence among nurses to standardised care. Design Exploratory qualitative investigation based on principles from Tanner's Clinical Judgment Model, using focus group interviews. Methods Fourteen ICU nurses were included in two focus groups and interviewed twice during the implementation period. The interviews reflected central themes on the use of assessment tools related to the nurses’ clinical experience in ICU pain treatment and sedation, and were interpreted through a systematic classification process of coding and identification of themes and patterns. Findings Four themes emerged as central: (1) balancing clinical judgement and the use of tools; (2) improvement of collaboration, documentation and goal achievement; (3) enhanced evaluation of the patient's response and (4) emphasis on the ICU patient's characteristics. Conclusion The use of tools was perceived to improve the quality of pain control and sedation, and supported nurses in their decision-making. Great importance was attached to personal knowledge and experience.

Summary The ability to locate, share, and use knowledge is vital for effective functioning of organizations. However, such knowledge processing can be complicated by increasing cultural diversity. Recent studies have suggested that a group’s diversity attitudes may increase group outcomes. In this study, based on a sample consisting of 489 members of multicultural academic departments, we set out to investigate the relationship between openness to diversity (linguistic, social category, value, and informational) and group knowledge processing (knowledge location, knowledge needed, bring knowledge to bear, and personal knowledge). We found openness to linguistic and informational diversity to have positive associations with all group knowledge processing variables. Openness to value diversity was positively associated with most group knowledge processing variables, while openness to social category diversity only had a positive effect on personal knowledge.

This paper aims to identify factors underlying public risk acceptance of the chemical industry in a case study of Jiangsu Province, China and to explore the diverse views of various demographic groups and in various regions using the psychometric paradigm method. The surveys were conducted between August and December 2010 in three representative cities: Changzhou, Nanjing and Yancheng, located in the southern, central and northern parts of Jiangsu, respectively. Based on 1190 valid questionnaires, the results show that public acceptance of the risk related to the chemical industry could be predicted by four factors: the public perception of their personal knowledge about the chemical industry, the perceived effect of accidents related to the chemical industry, the perceived benefit obtained from the chemical industry, and trust in the government’s risk management abilities. Additionally, the study found that respondents’ demographic characters, such as gender, age, education level, occupation, and household income, influenced the effect of the four factors on risk acceptance at different degrees. The Effect factor more significantly affected risk acceptance among lower-income residents than that among higher-income persons, and people over age 50 with lower education levels were more sensitive to Knowledge than others. Moreover, Trust was an important factor for risk acceptance among people with various demographic characteristics or regional characteristics. These findings can assist governments and policy makers to select target groups for effective risk communication, and also guide the public to improve their rational judgment on risk acceptability of the chemical industry.

Personal knowledge management (PKM) is different from the traditional centralized knowledge management (KM) modes. The PKM is suitable for distributed collaborative KM environments. This paper makes an explorative study on the PKM, and analyzes various forms of personal knowledge resources in the product development process. Then a model of recommender systems for PKM is proposed for knowledge sharing among members in the collaborative environment. The key function of the PKM recommender systems is to supply potentially useful personal knowledge resources from the sites where these knowledge resources are created to the sites where the members may need the knowledge. The PKM is in a mode of distributed control rather than a mode of centralized control, which is widely used by traditional KM methods and tools. This study paves a way for developing an advanced mode of KM platforms for PKM sharing in collaborative environments.

This study examines the role of information and communication technology (ICT) applications in management learning and development in hospitality organisations. Managers who search for authentic social knowledge are most likely to use learning management systems, company intranets, email applications and search engines. Managers who look for personal knowledge are most likely to select search engines, online audio or video communication applications, telephone conferencing and customer online community websites. This study provides evidence that e-learning practices in management development do not fully support managers’ learning. The paper lastly offers solutions to address this mismatch.

Assessing bidder's tender is very important for an employer in deciding whether to award or not. Marking scheme method is generally used to evaluate the tenders of construction project in China. And the mainly advantage of this method is the application of the expert's personal knowledge and experience which makes the contractor selection more reasonable. However, if the low scores given by the experts are usually omitted when the marking scheme method is applied, the contractor with certain potential risks may win the bid, which may make the project not be executed and completed in accordance with the contract. To overcome these weaknesses, the outlier detection model, one of Knowledge Discovery in Database (KDD) method, based on similar coefficient sum was set up in this paper. In this model, the outliers were detected based on the experts' tender evaluation data of the water projects. Then, the risk factors of contractor's attributes were obtained and the risk early warning was carried out. The proposed model is used in the tender evaluation decision-making and risk early warning of the water projects in Tianjin, China. The empirical survey was also made to verify the proposed model. From the feedback of the questionnaires, the survey showed that the outliers detection model could detect the latent risks effectively. Accordingly, some advice was given to the employers to prevent the potential risks. Finally, the proposed method and model were introduced into a tender evaluation decision-making and risk early warning system (TEDREWS) for convenient and efficient tender evaluation and risk management.

4th World Conference on Educational Sciences (WCES) -- FEB 02-05, 2012 -- Univ Barcelona, Barcelona, SPAIN, WOS: 000314465902070, In this study, it is aimed to determine whether teachers' perception on effective school administrators change significantly according to their gender, seniority, working years, working years at the same school, awards they took for their services and finally in-service education. Descriptive model is used for the study. The Effective Administrative Questionnaire which consists of 27 items and developed by Dagli (2000) is used to gather data. In addition, to find out the personal characteristics of the participants, Personal Knowledge Poll composed by the researcher were given before the questionnaire. Study group was 381 teachers and 197 of them are working in primary school and 184 of them in high school in Sanliurfa, Turkey. Selection and/or peer review under responsibility of Prof. Dr. Huseyin Uzunboylu, Acad World Educ & Res Ctr, Near E Univ, Bahcesehir Univ, Ankara Univ, Hacettepe Univ, Cyprus Educ Sci Assoc

Knowledge and understanding of chronic disease has an important role to play in establishing good quality outcomes. A small number of studies have looked at a number of different aspects of patient knowledge and self-management strategies. This study used three previously published scales to assess for the first time both the patients' personal knowledge of their own condition and their fund of knowledge about epilepsy in general, its treatment and consequences. The subjects were all patients attending a specialist-led epilepsy service in a tertiary care teaching hospital in Dublin, Ireland. Fifty-two subjects successfully completed three knowledge-based surveys focusing on personal information and compliance, safety, driving and employment legalities. Patients were more knowledgeable about the particulars of their individual condition rather than about epilepsy in general. Anti-epileptic drug compliance scores were highest overall; safety and legal issues ranked lowest. Many patients with epilepsy are not well informed about their disorder. Thus, there is a need for educational intervention in this population in order to optimize self-management strategies.

Purpose This study sought to examine proficiency, motivation and knowledge regarding breast cancer screening and awareness of nurses working within an Intellectual Disability setting. Additionally, the study aimed to examine and establish associations between nurses' personal and professional breast awareness practices. Breast cancer generally affects women between 50 and 65 years and is one of the principal causes of female deaths. Many women with intellectual disability are placed in the "at risk" age group for developing breast cancer due to increased life expectancy. However, breast cancer screening is much lower in women with intellectual disability compared to the general population. Method This study adopted a quantitative descriptive design. Data was gathered utilising an adapted version of the Modified Toronto Breast Self-Examination Inventory (MTBSEI). Results Results reflected that the majority of nurses in this study ( n = 105) do not promote breast awareness for women with intellectual disabilities. Further, findings identified deficits in nurses' personal knowledge, skills and practices with regard to breast awareness and screening. Conclusion This study identifies the need to support nurses within Intellectual Disability settings with on-going education in relation to breast awareness, in order that breast awareness be promoted in clinical practice.

Knowledge sharing is seen as one of the essential processes for knowledge management. A growing number of professionals have started weblogging, and use this tool to share their ideas. It is important to explore ways to encourage individuals to contribute personal knowledge and to assist community members to share their expertise. Through the lens of sharing culture, we explore the factors that facilitate voluntary knowledge sharing in a virtual community. Specifically, the use of three categories associated with a sharing culture - fairness, identification and openness - is considered as a linear combination, which means that enjoying helping and usefulness/relevancy thereafter promote knowledge sharing behavior. To test the theoretical model, we survey 442 members of three online communities. In addition to the positive effects of fairness and openness on community sharing culture, we also find that enjoying helping, sharing culture and usefulness/relevancy are strongly linked to member knowledge sharing behavior. This paper offers a new perspective on the mechanisms related to the sharing culture construct, which in turn facilitates weblog knowledge sharing behaviors and yields important implications for understanding knowledge sharing behavior in online communities.

Dr. Richard John Bing (Fig. 1) will be 100 years old on October 12, 2009. There are very few physicians, to my knowledge, who remain very active and extraordinarily productive at 100 years of age. Witness the article Dr. Bing wrote on surgery of the young heart and about Drs. William Glenn and Francis Fontan (Fig. 2) that was published earlier this year [1]. There are even fewer physicianswho are asmultitalented as Dr. Bing who is still productive at 100 years of age as a physician, scientist, musician, composer and author of medical and non-medical books, book chapters and articles. Indeed, Dr. Bing is a genius [2]. I will discuss these attributes in more details later on. I do not intend to write a biography on him, because there have been quite a few excellent ones already published [2–4]. What I intend to do in the following few pages is to describe briefly Dr. Bing's achievements — listed in alphabetical order — from my personal knowledge, recollection and research over the years so that your readers may get a glimpse of what this “Renaissance man” [3,4] is really like.

Currently, there are no psychometrically sound outcome measures by which to assess the impacts of research partnerships. This article describes the development of a 33-item, survey questionnaire measuring community members' perceptions of the impact of research partnerships addressing health or social issues. The Community Impacts of Research Oriented Partnerships (CIROP) was developed using information from the literatures on health promotion, community development, research utilization, and community-based participatory research, and from focus groups involving 29 key informants. Data from 174 community members were used to determine the factor structure, internal consistency, and test-retest reliability of the four CIROP scales, and to provide evidence of construct validity. The CIROP informs research partnerships about the extent of their impact in the areas of Personal Knowledge Development, Personal Research Skill Development, Organizational/Group Access To and Use of Information, and Community and Organizational Development, allowing them to demonstrate accountability to funding bodies. As well, the CIROP can be used as a research tool to assess the effectiveness of knowledge sharing approaches, determine the most influential activities of research partnerships, and determine structural characteristics of partnerships associated with various types of impact. The CIROP provides a better understanding of community members' perspectives and expectations of research partnerships, with important implications for knowledge transfer and uptake.

The present survey was conducted among medical students and physicians affiliated to the Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil, between August 2006 and December 2007. 252 individuals responded to a questionnaire composed of 13 items regarding their individual status and their personal knowledge of the HPV vaccine properties. The data analysis that was carried out using chi-square test showed that 79.7% of the interviewed population would indicate the vaccine, and mostly, to girls aged 10-15 years old. While vaccine effectiveness and prophylaxis appeared to have been adequately understood, some of its properties such as safety and immunity duration still need further elucidation.

Objective To understand the personal, social and cultural factors likely to explain recourse to the Internet as a preferred source of personal health information. Design A cross-sectional survey was conducted among a population of 2923 Internet users visiting a firmly established website that offers information on personal health. Multiple regression analysis was performed to identify the determinants of site use. Measurement The analysis template comprised four classes of determinants likely to explain Internet use: beliefs, intentions, user satisfaction and socio-demographic characteristics. Seven-point Likert scales were used. An analysis of the psychometric qualities of the variables provided compelling evidence of the construct's validity and reliability. A confirmatory factor analysis confirmed the correspondence with the factors predicted by the theoretical model. Findings The regression analysis explained 35% of the variance in Internet use. Use was directly associated with five factors: perceived usefulness, importance given to written media in searches for health information, concern for personal health, importance given to the opinions of physicians and other health professionals, and the trust placed in the information available on the site itself. Conclusion This study confirms the importance of the credibility of information on the frequency of Internet use as a preferred source of information on personal health. It also shows the potentially influential role of the Internet in the development of personal knowledge of health issues.

Learning in complex and ill-structured knowledge domains requires accommodation of multiple perspectives embedded in authentic activities and the reconciliation of those perspectives with personal beliefs resulting in conceptual change. Cognitive flexibility hypertext systems support that process by enabling learners to explore authentic cases from multiple thematic perspective. Study 1 showed that knowledge exploration alone is insufficient to engage those conceptual change processes. So we reasoned that providing learners with environments that engage more constructive, personal knowledge representation activities would better support conceptual change. However, these environments rarely support learners in structuring, integrating, and representing their personal beliefs with other perspectives. That became the goal of our iterative research process. We describe a design-based research study conducted over three years that chronicles the evolution of a hypertext information system into a collaborative knowledge construction environment. Situated in different subject areas and contexts, the project examined learner roles for interpreting and later representing and constructing their own complex, non-linear content structures. At the core of the project was an evolving hypertext authoring system, Crisscrossing, in which users in the latest version collaboratively construct non-linear hypertext structures as well as represent non-linear and sequential pathways through the content structures they construct. During each research cycle, we conducted extensive usability testing and utilized qualitative and quantitative research methods to describe changes in learners’ roles and their effects on students’ conceptual change while interpreting cases and producing and annotating their own cases. Learners consistently produced patterns of artifacts within and outside the environments, experienced poor transfer to new cases, and manifested difficulty in accommodating and creating multiple perspectives and applying causal reasoning. Implications for system design are discussed.

Personal knowledge exchanges (PKEs) are Web-based markets that match seekers and providers of knowledge and facilitate the pricing and transfer of knowledge assets. They show significant potential to function as infrastructure for the ''elance-economy.'' This study examines transactions for software expertimse in a personal knowledge exchange. It evaluates the mobilization of knowledge in terms of the speed and the number of knowledge providers that are matched to a knowledge request. Hypotheses are proposed based on transaction costs imposed by the characteristics of knowledge. We also study the impact of safeguarding and coordination mechanisms that may help overcome challenges to PKE use. We find that knowledge mobilization in the PKE is adversely impacted by knowledge transfer costs due to the tacitness, situatedness, and complexity of knowledge that is sought. To a lesser extent, knowledge mobilization is adversely affected by the likelihood of opportunistic behavior as indicated by the reputation ratings of the individual requesting the knowledge. The study enables a better understanding of the factors impacting the effectiveness of personal knowledge exchanges and provides important managerial implications for shaping their development.

Ecological economists excel at deliberating the strengths and weaknesses of different ways of framing a problem and incorporating insights from the multiple separate ways we understand complex problems. The broad findings of the Millennium Ecosystem Assessment arose through such a deliberative approach between experts with different analytical frameworks, scientific findings, and personal knowledge. The collective deliberative processes in science that lead to shared judgments can serve as a model for deliberative democracy.

The paper critically examines knowledge ownership when personal or organizational knowledge is transferred between individuals or between individuals and organizations. Employing a form of discourse analysis, we analyse the data from three complementary perspectives (international treaties and conventions on privacy and intellectual property, employment and merchant account contracts, and verdicts from knowledge-related legal cases) to unveil the conflicts between privacy and property rights. The results show a dialectical view where ownership shifts between the individual and the organization/community and therefore, the individual may or may not necessarily own what he knows. Privacy and property have been central issues in computational ethics for more than two decades. The use of information systems for strategic purposes offers new challenges for these established ethical concepts. Knowledge is not only a form of property governed by intellectual property law; it is also an individual attribute and, as part of the personality, it may be governed by privacy law. As a result, the dialectical view also shows that the ownership shift between the individual and the organization/community means that the organization may or may not necessarily own what it knows.

Whilst much is known of new technology adopters, little research has addressed the role of their attitudes in adoption decisions; particularly, for technologies with evident economic potential that have not been taken up by farmers. This paper presents recent research that has used a new approach which examines the role that adopters’ attitudes play in identifying the drivers of and barriers to adoption. The study was concerned with technologies for livestock farming systems in SW England, specifically oestrus detection, nitrogen supply management, and, inclusion of white clover. The adoption behaviour is analysed using the social–psychology theory of reasoned action to identify factors that affect the adoption of technologies, which are confirmed using principal components analysis. The results presented here relate to the specific adoption behaviour regarding the Milk Development Council’s recommended observation times for heat detection. The factors that affect the adoption of this technology are: cost effectiveness, improved detection and conception rates as the main drivers, whilst the threat to demean the personal knowledge and skills of a farmer in ‘knowing’ their cows is a barrier. This research shows clearly that promotion of a technology and transfer of knowledge for a farming system need to take account of the beliefs and attitudes of potential adopters.