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The possible role of immune-modulatory nonclassical molecules HLA-G and HLA-E in an anti-tumoral response and development of glioblastoma is not well characterized. In this study, we evaluated an expression of HLA-G and HLA-E by activated tumor infiltrating microglia/macrophages. We found production of HLA-G and HLA-E by tumor infiltrating activated microglia/macrophages in a majority of glioblastomas. We speculate that the expression of these molecules by activated microglia/CNS macrophages plays a role in the anti-tumoral immunity in the development of glioblastoma. Mechanisms of microglia–glioblastoma cell interactions with respect to the expression of these molecules deserves further study.

The surgical procedure to implant a ventriculoperitoneal shunt are very common in the treatment of adult hydrocephalus. Authors compare lapascopic and laparotomic technique in shunt placement. Complication rate of the peritoneal part of a shunt is higher in the group of the laparotomic shunt placement.

Women with cerebrospinal fluid shunts are now reaching reproductive age. They are making independent decisions in regard to planning their families. Two cases of pregnant women with cerebrospinal fluid shunts are presented. Cooperation of neurosurgeons, obstetricians and other specialists is always necessary to take care of shunted pregnant women. These women are able to gave birth to a healthy child but complications can occur during pregnancy and delivery.