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A caution for motorist, a new technique is developed to prevent accidents. The accidents are mostly occurs due to three reasons such as: drunk and drive, no medical assistant as early as possible and speaking over the mobile phones. As taken this into account a smart helmet is designed to prevent accidents. The drunk and drive is prevented by using Alcohol sensor(MQ2).The fastest medical assistant can be given by using Piezoelectric plate made of Berlinite material and PIC Microcontroller 16F887. The major accidents occur only when motorist speak over the mobile phone. To avoid this mobile phone is connected to the PIC microcontroller via Bluetooth and Bluetooth and PIC Microcontroller is connected using UART. Initially the call will be cut two times and if it is important to caller, the caller will be directed for some information and it is indicated to the motorist using LED-BIGGY and a buzzer.

Use of cell phones while driving is abnormal. This causes the danger of occupied driving and mishaps. Scientists have led an overview around the globe, and they all concur that utilization of cell phones while driving is hazardous and dangerous. Drivers need to utilize various aptitudes while driving. Any slip by in fixation builds the danger of the vehicle being engaged with an accident. Driving while at the same time utilizing a hand held cell phone can cause both physical and mental interruption which influences driving execution. Exploration shows that utilizing a cell phone while driving expands the danger of slamming. Utilizing a cell phone while driving can bring significantly more serious threat to new drivers as they may encounter trouble in adjusting the numerous requests on their driving - from perceptual, mental and physical undertakings. Examination has discovered unpracticed drivers who utilize a cell phone invest less energy taking a gander at the street ahead. They are likewise bound to meander over the street (across roadways) and take more time to see driving dangers. A cell phone can be significant in a crisis. In the event that you have to utilize your cell phone to call for help, stop and park securely where you won't imperil other street clients. To evacuate these risks another proficient kind of versatile jammer while driving is proposed utilizing pic microcontroller. In this new plan we will cripple the Keypad, by utilizing microcontroller. We will do it utilizing a 433 MHz recurrence which has an open permit. So there is no need of authorizing. In these cases, booking the batteries or battery cells over the heap to misuse the recuperation properties of the batteries assists with broadening the general frameworks lifetime. Clear booking plans, as cooperative effort or picking the best battery accessible, as of now give a major improvement contrasted with a consecutive release of the batteries. In this venture, these booking plans are contrasted and the ideal planning plan delivered with two diverse displaying approaches: a methodology dependent on an estimated coordinated machine model (executed and assessed in), just as a logical methodology (incompletely figured as nonlinear enhancement issue) for a marginally adjusted planning issue.

The primary objective is to bridge the gap between the visually impaired people and society. There are approximately 37 million people across the globe who are blind, over 15 million are from India. People with visual disabilities are often dependent on external assistance. Blind people use Braille language for reading, writing and for communication purpose. Blind people face problems such as reading SMS and replying for it in case of emergency. Braille language is used as the basis of the project. Therefore interfacing Braille pad with the GSM module so that the blind people can have the access to the SMS system is advantageous. Thus we were motivated to develop an experimental system for communication to assist people who are completely blind using Braille pad system. In which GSM module convert text inputs into Braille patterns through vibrations using DC cylindrical motors with PIC microcontroller as the master. Therefore the words corresponding vibration will be intimated through the gloves to the visually impaired people. It will result to overcome the disabilities of visually impaired to understand other’s expressions.

Automation is the most commonly spelled word in technology sector. The hunger for automation has brought many revolutions to current technologies. The planet is becoming more technologically advanced, industrial automation becoming more popular. This proposed system represents the detailed analysis of economic automation using Bluetooth module and PIC microcontroller. This paper is particularly focused on the implementation of a prototype system for industrial appliances a bit like the speed of the motor and to perform the ON/OFF function of the motor using Bluetooth technology.

The main aim of this research work is to develop the prototype model for micro controller based air quality improvement system. The Safe while driving a vehicle is the demand every people makes, one of the safe features that can be delivered is good air to the cabin of the vehicle. Many cities face one of the biggest problems, The air pollution. The air needs to be free from pollutant particles and clean. So a system need to be developed to improve the air quality from various pollutants and a need to stay cool in the vehicle after parking in the sun and to sleep with the air conditioner in a vehicle without experiencing any difficulties in breathing. This system has the ability to remove some of the major pollutant in air that acts as the cause for the effects like intoxication and difficulty in breathing. To achieve these needs the electrical system is be used and the chemicals that help to remove the various pollutants are used too.

Two types of solar panels are currently in use. Fixed panels; where they are placed at a convenient angle depending on the geographical location with a fixed tilt angle. But irradiation time merely exceeds six hours/day. The second type is rotating panels, either by continuously tracking the sun or through a preprogrammed angle at preprogrammed time. Unfortunately, both schemes, continuous tracking or pre-programmed are inefficient. In the first one, motor running at a very low speed requires a high torque which requires high current, leading to more driving power. In the second scheme, the system rotates at predetermined small angles independently whether the new position contributes to extra energy or not. In fact, it may have the opposite effect where all the extracted energy could be consumed by the driving system. This paper presents a new technique where those two draw backs have been addressed. The design uses a microcontroller-based control mechanism to maximize solar energy extraction. This is done by the design of a tracking system known as the PILOT and cells rotating system known as PANEL. First the system is oriented towards the east waiting for sun to rise. When this happens, the PILOT keeps tracking the sun. This is done with the aid of a light to frequency converter (LTF) mounted on a miniature electric motor. This converter always lines the PILOT with the sun. Two identical light dependent resistors (LDR) are mounted, one on the PILOT and the other on the PANEL. After each positioning of the PILOT, a comparison process takes over. If the voltage induced by the PILOT LDR is greater than that induced by the PANEL LDR plus a preset offset, the PANEL aligns itself with the PILOT, otherwise, it stays at its current position, and waits for the PILOT to move to new position, and the process repeats itself. By doing so, the PANEL only moves to the new location when the latter produces higher energy. At the end of the day, after sun set, the system returns to its initial position and waits for the following day. Keywords: Solar cell, PANEL, PILOT, PIC microcontroller, LDR, LTF

The paper presents an automated system used for the temperature control of the fluid, using a heat exchanger heated by an electrical resistance. The fluid is re-circulated through the exchanger by a d.c. electro-pump. The control algorithm is an on-off type with hysteresis one and it is implemented with a PIC microcontroller and a relay as its actuator. The most important data is presented on a seven segments display. In order to send the parameters of the process and the command states to the computer, the serial communication is used.

The main purpose of this paper is to develop a fault diagnostic meter for photovoltaic (PV) power generation systems. First, Solar Pro software package is used for a photovoltaic power generation system analysis, and then the power generation data of photovoltaic modules during normal operations and during malfunctions is collected. Then, this paper establishes a photovoltaic power generation system fault diagnosis method based on extension theory. The power generation data collected previously is used to construct a matter-element model for PV generation systems during normal operations and during malfunction. This matter-element model and the PV power generation system fault diagnosis program are implemented using a PIC microcontroller. The PV power generation system fault diagnosis based on extension theory discussed previously requires only small amounts of data in order to construct matter-element models for normal operations and different fault situations. This diagnosis method does not require learning procedures to be used in fault diagnosis of PV power generation systems. Moreover, the method provided high accuracy. As PV power generation systems are typically installed on outdoor roofs, this paper also utilizes the ZigBee wireless sensor network transmission technology to transmit the power generation data of outdoor PV power generation systems to the PIC microcontroller in order diagnose malfunctions in PV power generation systems in real time. Finally, testing results were used to ascertain the feasibility of the PV power generation fault diagnosis meter discussed in this paper.

Solar Tracking System plays a vital role in the maximum generation of solar energy. However, the design of the sun tracker which was currently in use is very complicated and expensive. Those sun tracker units are heavy and seems to be difficult to install and prone to breakdown. This project aims to design an automatic Solar Tracking system which overcomes the above mentioned problems. In this process one axis three position solar tracking system was developed, to reduce the complexity and to shut down the cost and the same has been tested. Taking into consideration, the high efficiency with the lower cost, Light Dependent Resistor (LDR) sensors have been used in this project to track the sunlight position. Two LDR sensors one facing East and other facing West senses the intensity of sunlight and the result will be compared. The difference in the intensity will be calculated by the Programmable Interface Controller (PIC controller) which was fixed below the paraboloidal dish solar collector. If there is any difference in values, the controller sent the signal to the DC geared motor that passes through the amplifier which amplifies the signal according to that of DC geared motor. At once the motor receives the signal it tilts the solar collector. The above process will continue till the intensity of sunlight received by both the sensors is same. In this way, paraboloidal dish solar collector collects the maximum sunlight which will be converging to a black receiver for the maximum heat production. The test result shows that, the one axis three position tracking device is able to track and follow the Sunlight intensity in order to get maximum solar energy in the form of heat irrespective of the motor speed.

Concerning many former liquid or hybrid liquid/solid NMR consoles, the built in Analog-to-Digital Converters (ADCs) are incapable of digitizing the fids at sampling rates in the MHz range. Regarding both strong anisotropic interactions in the solid state and wide chemical shift dispersion nuclei in solution phase such as 195Pt, 119Sn, 207Pb etc., the spectrum range of interest might be in the MHz range. As determining the informative tensor components of anisotropic NMR interactions requires nonlinear fitting over the whole spectrum including the asymptotic baseline, it is prohibited by low sampling rates of the ADCs. Wide spectrum width is also useful in solution NMR, since windowing of wide chemical shift ranges is avoidable. We built an external analog to digital converter with 10 MHz maximal sampling rate, which can work simultaneously with the built in ADC of the spectrometer. The ADC was tested on both Bruker DRX and Avance-I NMR consoles. In addition to the analog channels it only requires three external digital lines of the NMR console. The ADC sends data to PC via USB. The whole process is controlled by software written in JAVA which is implemented under TopSpin.

In this study, we propose an embedded real-time interval type-2 fuzzy proportional – integral – derivative (IT2F-PID) controller which is a parallel combination of the interval type-2 fuzzy proportional – integral (IT2F-PI) controller and the interval type-2 fuzzy proportional – derivative (IT2F-PD) controller. The proposed IT2F-PID controller is able to handle the effect of the system uncertainties due to the structure of the interval type-2 fuzzy logic controller. The proposed IT2F-PID controller is implemented practically using a low cost PIC microcontroller for controlling the uncertain nonlinear inverted pendulum to minimize the effect of the system uncertainties due to the uncertainty in the mass of the pendulum, the measurement error in the rotation angle of the pendulum and the structural uncertainty. The test is carried out using the hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) simulation. The experimental results show that the performance of the IT2F-PID controller improves significantly the performance over a wide range of system uncertainties.

During the increment of solar irradiation, the conventional incremental conductance algorithm responds inaccurately at the first step change in the converter duty cycle. This paper presents the conventional algorithm confusion and proposes a modified incremental conductance algorithm that responds accurately when the solar irradiation level increases. Moreover, the proposed algorithm shows zero oscillation in the power of the solar module after the maximum power point (MPP) is tracked. MATLAB simulation is carried out with the modified incremental conductance algorithm under a fast-changing solar irradiation level. Results of the modified, conventional and variable step size incremental conductance algorithms are compared. Finally, the hardware implementation, consisting of a single-ended primary-inductor converter (SEPIC) and a PIC controller, is applied as the maximum power point tracking (MPPT) controller. The simulation and experimental works showed that the proposed algorithm performs accurately and faster during the increment of solar irradiation level.

The paper deals with the design of control system for improving efficiency of three phase induction motor. The advantage of this system is that it reduces the power consumption and improves the efficacy of an induction motor. The SPWM technique is used in this system for the purpose of qualitative development. It is a special type of pulse width modulation, in which the width of the pulses varies and as a result of which the speed of an induction motor changes. The number of the pulses per half cycle changes by applying an interrupt signal to microcontroller, which gives better results in comparison to the previous one. This is the digital technique for three phase inverter using single phase supply. The system becomes flexible by using microcontroller. It is possible to change the real-time control algorithms without change in hardware. It will reduce an overall cost. It has a small size of control circuit for the three phase inverter. Simulation is carried out using PROTEUS and a prototype model is built in the experimental design for verification of simulation results. PIC microcontroller is used to generate PWM pulses and also take the decision for generating number of pulses by giving the interrupt to the microcontroller.

A stainless steel based miniature sensor is designed and fabricated for cable tension measurement. The sensor, with a cut out pattern, is only 5 mm high, has an external diameter of 4.5 mm and is instrumented with four silicon strain gauges. Applied load will elastically deform the sensor geometry and will induce a resistance change in the Si-piezoresistors. Instrumentation is done using commercial components, and comprise two programmable current sources, that operate the Si-gauges in a current driven Wheatstone bridge configuration. A programmable multi-channel instrumentation amplifier interfaces the Wheatstone bridges with a PIC microcontroller and its on-board 12 bit AD converter. The implemented microcontroller and PC software allows remote adaptation of the analog front and facilitates communication and signal visualization. The sensor system can measure axial forces up to 1000N with a resolution better than 1N. publisher: Elsevier articletitle: Sensor and Instrumentation for Cable Tension Quantification journaltitle: Procedia Engineering articlelink: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2014.11.728 content_type: article copyright: Copyright © 2014 Published by Elsevier Ltd. ispartof: pages:1473-1476 ispartof: Procedia Engineering vol:87 pages:1473-1476 ispartof: EUROSENSORS location:Brescia, Italy date:7 Sep - 10 Sep 2014 status: published

Technology plays the most important role in healthcare not only for sensory devices but besides in communication, recording and display device. It is very important to monitor various medical parameters and post operational days. Therefore the latest development in Healthcare communication method using IOT is adapted. Internet of things serves as a catalyst for the healthcare and plays prominent role in wide range of healthcare applications. In this project the PIC16F877A microcontroller is used as a gateway to communicate to the various sensors such as temperature sensor, Respiration sensor, Blood Oxygen level and heart beat sensor. The microcontroller picks up the sensor data and sends it to the network through IOT and hence provides real time monitoring of the health care parameters for doctors. The data can be access anytime by the doctor. The controller is in addition connected with buzzer to alert the caretaker about variation in sensor output. Other than the main issue in remote patient monitoring system is that the data as to be securely transmitted to the destination end and provision is made to allow only authorized user to access the data. The security problem is be addressed by transmitting the data through the password protected internet which will be encrypted by standard AES128 and the Doctors can access the records by logging to the html webpage. Next to the instance of extremity situation alert message is send to the doctor through IOT connected to the controller. For this reason quick provisional medication can be easily done by this system. This system is capable with low power consumption capability, easy setup, high performance and time to time response.

Logistics management is very important aspect in real time applications. This paper addresses the problems in cargo loaded vehicles such as the delayed delivery of goods, overloading on vehicles, and identification of vehicle location and misplacement of goods. The proposed system uses RFID tag to identify the goods to avoid misplacement and Weight sensor is used to avoid the overloads of goods in vehicle. The GPS and GSM are used to track the vehicle and also send the details of goods to source periodically.

This work presents a methodology for reliability testing of LED portable lamps by a laboratory test. The LED was selected for this test because it is one of the most widely used electronic devices in many electronic appliances used in everyday life. This is a booming technology nowadays. Test known as “overstress life” was selected, in this test, LED's are subject to maximum energy values to determine their reliability degree, i.e. find the life-time of the LED. The applied methodology uses the chi-square distribution, in order to obtain the number of devices to be used and test duration. A supervisory failure electronic circuit was constructed to determine life-time of the LED devices. The circuit is a multiplexer and PIC microcontroller based. Multiplexers increase the inputs in which LED's are recorded, i.e. are part of the circuit that selects the device; the PIC is programmed to determine the life-time in hours and to determine exactly which device failed. This provides a reliability analysis tool that allows performance studies of LED's. This technology could be easily extended to other electronic devices in order to improve their quality

Power factor correction (PFC) is a technique to improve the stability and efficiency of the transmission network to reduce the costs charged to the customers by their electricity supplier. A PIC microcontroller based power factor correction has been designed. The paper deals with the hardware and software features of the power factor correction unit. The phase difference between the two signals is obtained by measuring the ON time ‘τ’ of the XOR gate and the time period ‘T’ of the signal using the two CCP module of PIC18F452 microcontroller. The power factor correction unit is designed for the measurement of power factor between 0 -1 for frequencies up to 500 Hz with an accuracy of ± 0.1. This involves measuring the power factor value from the load using PIC and sensors proper algorithm to determine and trigger sufficient switching capacitors in order to compensate excessive reactive components, thus bringing power factor near to unity and also monitoring the power factor changes in LCD as a result acquires higher efficiency and better quality AC output Power factor correction.

A fuzzy logic controller has been developed for interfacing PV array with utility grid through a three-phase line-commutated inverter for the first time. The controller tracks and feeds maximum power to the utility grid. The linguistic variables have been selected appropriately to modulate the firing angle of the inverter for tracking the maximum power. The simulink model of the proposed scheme employing fuzzy logic controller has been built using MATLAB/PSB. A PIC microcontroller has been programmed for generation of firing pulses to the thyristors in the inverter. Experimental setup of the proposed scheme has been built and the results obtained on a PV array of 54 V, 12 A rating are presented. The comparison of experimental and simulation results shows very close agreement between the two thus validating the controller proposed.

In this paper, a hardware implementation of varicap diode's ANN model by using PIC microcontroller is presented. With this intend, reverse bias voltage of diode is used as model input and the capacitance variation of the diode is used as model output. ANN model of designed structure is realized by computer. ANN model parameters were used to build PIC microcontroller program. Then ANN model of varicap diode was realized on PIC microcontroller. The validation of intelligent model was tested with both software and hardware. Test results are found successful.

This paper describes the development of a distributed system for process and condition monitoring. The developed system is based on the Petri-net concept, and uses PIC microcontroller technologies in its implementation. The resulting distributed system has data communication features such as Fieldbus and Internet connectivity thus enabling the deployment of a flexible and low-cost structure for monitoring purposes. The proposed system architecture is discussed in detail, considering both the hardware and software elements involved. The implementation of the Petri-net approach in a microcontroller environment is also presented. Finally, the benefits and limitations of such a system are considered, using some initial results obtained in an experimental implementation.

This paper describes the design of a monitoring system that can be used to measure urine glucose during daily life. It consists of a bio-chemical sensor, hardware with PIC microcontroller and control circuits, and signal analyzing part. To evaluate the performance, we compared the analyzed glucose levels of the developed system to a standard instrument, YSI glucose analyzer, based on regression analysis using standard glucose solutions mixed with urine. Also, standard deviation and coefficient of variation were computed. In conclusion, the developed system showed it could be used for the measurement of urine glucose.