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WOS: 000436416800034 #REF! Aim: To examine theeffects on the brain of 2-month treatment withamethylphenidate extended-release formulation (OROS-MPH) using [Tc-(99m)] TRODAT-1SPECT in a sample of treatment-naive adolescents with Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). In addition, to assess whether risk alleles (homozygosity for 10-repeat allele at the DAT1 gene were associated with alterations in striatal DAT availability. Methods: Twenty adolescents with ADHD underwent brain single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) scans with [Tc-(99m)] TRODAT-1 at baseline and two months after starting OROS-MPH treatment with dosages up to 1 mg/kg/day. Severity of illness was estimated using the Clinical Global Impression Scale (CGI-S) and DuPaul ADHD Rating Scale-Clinician version (ARS) before treatment,1 month and 2 months after initiating OROS-MPH treatment. Results: Decreased DAT availability was found in both the right caudate (pretreatment DAT binding: 224.76 +/- 33.77, post-treatment DAT binding: 208.86 +/- 28.75, p = 0.02) and right putamen (pre-treatment DAT binding: 314.41 +/- 55.24, post-treatment DAT binding: 285.66 +/- 39.20, p = 0.05) in adolescents with ADHD receiving OROS-MPH treatment. Adolescents with ADHD who showed a robust response to OROS-MPH (n = 7) had significantly greater reduction of DAT density in the right putamen than adolescents who showed less robust response to OROS-MPH (n = 13) (p = 0.02). However, between-group differences by treatment responses were not related with DAT density in the right caudate. Risk alleles (homozygosity for the 10-repeat allele of DAT1 gene) in the DAT1 gene were not associated with alterations in striatal DAT availability. Conclusion: Two months of OROS-MPH treatment decreased DAT availability in both the right caudate and putamen. Adolescents with ADHD who showed a robust response to OROS-MPH had greater reduction of DAT density in the right putamen. However,our findings did not support an association between homozygosity for a 10-repeat allele in the DAT1 gene and DAT density, assessedusing[Tc-(99m)] TRODAT-1SPECT. Dokuz Eylul University Research CommitteeDokuz Eylul University [2008132]; Fogarty MH/DD program; Institute of Nuclear Energy Research (INER-Taipei, Taiwan) This study was partially supported by Dokuz Eylul University Research Committee (2008132), Fogarty MH/DD program and the Institute of Nuclear Energy Research (INER-Taipei, Taiwan).