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The COVID-19 outbreak is now one of the most critical crises to manage for most of the national healthcare systems in the world. In the absence of authorised pharmacological treatments, many antiretrovirals, including darunavir/cobicistat fixed combination, are used off-label in the hospital wards as life-treating medicines for COVID-19 patients. Unfortunately, for most of them, the drug products available on the market are not designed to be administered by a nasogastric tube to inpatients of intensive care units. Therefore, their manipulation, even if it can strongly affect the product quality, is necessary for the preparation of suspension to meet patients' need. In this situation, it is urgent to provide data and guidance to support hospital pharmacists and clinicians in their activity. The data in this article indicate that darunavir/cobicistat suspensions compounded by pharmacists using as active ingredient a commercially available tablet can be stable at least for one week.

Torquetenovirus (TTV) represents a commensal human virus producing life-long viremia in approximately 80% of healthy individuals of all ages. A potential pathogenic role for TTV has been suggested in immunocompromised patients with hepatitis of unknown etiology sustained by strong proinflammatory cytokines.The aim of this study was to investigate the sera immunological profile linked to TTV infection in bone marrow transplant (BMT) children with liver injury.TTV infection was assessed in sera from 27 BMT patients with altered hepatic parameters and histological features, by the use of quantitative real-time PCR, along with TTV genogroups and coinfection with HEV. The qualitative and quantitative nature of soluble inflammatory factors was evaluated studying a large set of cytokines using the Bioplex platform. As controls, sera from 22 healthy children negative for serological and molecular hepatitis markers including TTV and HEV, and for autoimmune diseases, were selected.TTV was detected in 81.4% of BMT patients with a viral load ranging from 10(5) to 10(9) copies/mL. All samples were HEV-RNA negative. A pattern of cytokines, IFN-γ, TNF-α, FGF-basic (p0.01) and MCP-3 (p0.001) was found significantly highly expressed in TTV-positive patients compared to TTV-negative and controls. Of note, MCP-3 chemokine showed the highest sera concentration independently of the amount of TTV load and the status of immune system deregulation (p0.001). In this pilot study for the first time, a positive association was found between TTV and increased level of MCP-3 suggesting a indirect role of TTV in liver injury.

This review highlights the current understanding of the aggregation phenomena of importance in Industrial Environmental Protection Technology; namely of particle aggregation in wastewater and gas emission treatment. The wastewaters and gaseous emissions from Forest Industry are our main focus. The complexity and variety of interfaces employed in chemical and biological methods of wastewater treatment and in purification of emission gases from aerosol particles is a challenge for a comparison analysis. The goals of this literature research are to delineate the most important similarities and key differences between aggregation phenomena on such different interfaces and to provide a coherent conception of environmental technology methods from the colloidal and surface science perspectives.

The wetting behaviour and the morphology of lignin on cellulose fibres and mica in the presence of cationic polyelectrolytes have been studied. Lignin was adsorbed from aqueous solution on the surfaces of mica and cellulose fibres. Static contact angles and residual drop volumes were measured on modified surfaces over time. Surface morphology was examined by AFM. Both the structure of the adsorbed layer as well as the hydrophobicity depended on the polymer addition strategy. Lignin adsorbed as granules on both smooth and rough cationised surfaces. Adsorbed and organised lignin was capable of weakening the adhesion of water to both nonporous and porous hydrophilic substrates. Maximum contact angles were found when the adsorbed lignin layer formed a granular structure. In contrast, polymer/lignin complexes that were formed in solution and then adsorbed on mica or cellulose were not as effective in lowering the adhesion of water. They adsorbed on mica and pulp fibres as either a thin film or as larger blobs, depending on the properties of the cationic polymer.

Fran May 1984 to June 1995 we performed 112 bone marrow transplants both autologous (34) and allogeneic (78) in children with acute and chronic leukemia and solid tumors. In 19 cases the conditioning regimen included single dose total body irradiation (TBI) (7.5 Gy); in 23 cases fractionated TBI (l2 Gy-2Gy/fr. over 3 days or 10 Gy-3.33 Gy/fr. over 3 days). 70 patients were conditioned without TBI; most of them received busulphan and cyclophosphamide. TBI was delivered by a 10 MV linear accelerator. The inhomogeneity of dose distribution to the lung was compensated by patient arms. No patient developed interstitial pneumonia after TBI; 7/70 patients developed pulmonary complications after busulphan. 3 cases of cataract occured after single dose TBI. In our experience TBI proved to be less dangerous than chemotherapy conditioning regimens; even in single dose TBI we did not observe pulmonary complications.