1. Natural and synthetic antioxidants targeting cardiac oxidative stress and redox signaling in cardiometabolic diseases
- Author
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Kristina Ferenczyova, Adriana Adameova, Anikó Görbe, Monika Bartekova, Péter Ferdinandy, Oľga Pecháňová, Naranjan S. Dhalla, Antigone Lazou, and Zoltán Giricz
- Subjects
0301 basic medicine ,Antioxidant ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Resveratrol ,Pharmacology ,medicine.disease_cause ,Biochemistry ,Antioxidants ,03 medical and health sciences ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,0302 clinical medicine ,Physiology (medical) ,Diabetes mellitus ,Humans ,Medicine ,chemistry.chemical_classification ,Cardioprotection ,Coenzyme Q10 ,Reactive oxygen species ,business.industry ,medicine.disease ,Oxidative Stress ,030104 developmental biology ,chemistry ,Cardiovascular Diseases ,Curcumin ,Reactive Oxygen Species ,business ,Oxidation-Reduction ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery ,Oxidative stress - Abstract
Cardiometabolic diseases (CMDs) are metabolic diseases (e.g., obesity, diabetes, atherosclerosis, rare genetic metabolic diseases, etc.) associated with cardiac pathologies. Pathophysiology of most CMDs involves increased production of reactive oxygen species and impaired antioxidant defense systems, resulting in cardiac oxidative stress (OxS). To alleviate OxS, various antioxidants have been investigated in several diseases with conflicting results. Here we review the effect of CMDs on cardiac redox homeostasis, the role of OxS in cardiac pathologies, as well as experimental and clinical data on the therapeutic potential of natural antioxidants (including resveratrol, quercetin, curcumin, vitamins A, C, and E, coenzyme Q10, etc.), synthetic antioxidants (including N-acetylcysteine, SOD mimetics, mitoTEMPO, SkQ1, etc.), and promoters of antioxidant enzymes in CMDs. As no antioxidant indicated for the prevention and/or treatment of CMDs has reached the market despite the large number of preclinical and clinical studies, a sizeable translational gap is evident in this field. Thus, we also highlight potential underlying factors that may contribute to the failure of translation of antioxidant therapies in CMDs.
- Published
- 2021