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The use of fat grafting is being widely used for different indications one of which is wound healing. In this study we compare the use of autologous fat grafting (AFG) as a novel indication in acute burn wounds healing and burn scarring to the conventional methods of burn wound management both clinically and histologically. Several small observational studies demonstrated the effect of the AFG in healing of chronic wounds, different vascular ulcers or effect on scars yet no randomized controlled trial is available to compare its role with conventional methods.The study was a prospective, open-label single center, randomized control clinical trial included 100 patients with superficial and deep dermal burns from March 2019 to March 2020 randomized to AFG protocol consisted of a single injection of autologous fat grafting then dressed with nano fat (Group A) or conventional methods of serial dressings with 1% silver sulphadiazine or other topical agents (Group B). Inclusion criteria included newly admitted burn patients with affected total body surface area (TBSA) (10%-25%) while exclusion criteria included burns patients with affected TBSA of 10% or 25%, or loss of subcutaneous fat, fascia, muscles and bones, inhalational burn, and burns in genitalia, perineum and peri-anal areas and co-morbidity(ies) that might affect wound healing or eligibility for anaesthesia and surgery. Also, results were confirmed by histological analysis for samples from both groups by light microscopic examination, and the nano-fat was subjected to flow cytometric analysis of the cluster of differentiation (CD) markers of mesenchymal stem cells markers CD 90, CD44, CD45, CD 73, and CD 34. (ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03791710) RESULTS: We found a significant reduction in total hospital stay days (p = 0.001), less further skin grafting (p = 0.003), less contracture formation (p = 0.002) while scar texture improved (p = 0.001) in group A compared to group B. Flow cytometric analysis documented that the nano-fat was positive to CD 90, 73, 44, 45 and 34.In a comparison between AFG protocol to the conventional methods in the treatment of acute burn wounds, AFG protocol was associated with significant clinical improvement in the form of lower hospital stay time, lower incidence of scaring or contracture and lower skin grafting use which was confirmed by serial photographic and histological assessment.

The aim of this prospective study was to evaluate the results of combined lateral sagittal resection osteotomy with subtalar distraction fusion in heels with painful malunion of the os calcis. This case series included 22 patients (23 feet). The mean age of the patients was 37.52 years. Sixteen (69.6%) patients were initially treated conservatively, 5 (21.7%) patients were treated surgically, and 2 (8.7%) patients were missed. The mean time lapsed before surgery was 11.43 months. A wedge of bone was resected to reduce the width of the malunited os calcis and was used as a local graft for subtalar joint fusion and to increase the height of the os calcis. The mean follow-up period was 56.83 ± 6.09 months. According to the scoring system, satisfactory results were found in 18 (82.6%) patients, and 4 (17.4%) patients had unsatisfactory results. Postoperative radiographic assessment revealed an average increase in the heel height of 7.70 ± 1.22 mm and an average decrease in heel width of 8.39 ± 1.47 mm. The average correction in the coronal axis was approximately 8.04° ± 1.26°. Complications included infection and nonunion in 3 (13%) heels. Two heels still had residual varus postoperatively, and 1 patient had injury to the sural nerve. The restoration of heel height, the reduction in heel width, and the primary fracture pattern had a significant relation with the final score. This method is a successful method for the management of subtalar arthritis caused by malunited calcaneal fractures with broadening leading to lateral abutment.

The Alam El Bueib 3C Field is located in the eastern part of the Dahab-Mireir sedimentary basin in the north Western Desert of Egypt. The Lower Cretaceous Alam El Bueib Sandstone reservoir is a potentially producing reservoir in the field. Lithostratigraphic correlation and ditch cutting description have helped in stratigraphically locating the potential sandstone reservoirs within the basal part of Alam El Bueib 3A Bed and locally dividing it into three potential separate reservoirs. Qualitative analysis of borehole depth imaging logs helped in revealing the stratigraphic trap style of Basal Alam El Bueib sandstone reservoirs and detection of deposition paleoenvironment as a shallow marine environment of wave-dominated estuary channelized system. Structural seismic interpretation for available Pre-Stack-Depth-Migrated 3D seismic data has revealed that AEB 3C Field structure is a four-way dip anticlinal closure that trends north east-south west. A better understanding of the geological nature of the Alam El Bueib 3A sandstone reservoirs combined with the structural-stratigraphic trap style has led to a lower risk exploratory/development plan for Alam El Bueib potential sandstone reservoirs in the Alam El Bueib 3C field. Borehole depth imaging analysis results, integrated with seismic structural interpretation maps and information from conventional electrical well logs, represented a high-quality workflow that showed remarkable efficiency in a better understanding of reservoir distribution in the case of present heterogeneous Alam El Bueib sandstone reservoirs and providing the optimum solution for similar geological conditions in other areas.

The objective of this study was to develop mixed micelles of Lornoxicam, using a Pluronic® mixture of L121 and P123. The technique used for the preparation was thin-film hydration according to a Box Behnken design with three central points for each formula. The independent variables studied were Pluronic®: drug ratio, Pluronic® L121: Pluronic® P123 ratio and amount of soya-bean lecithin. The studied dependent variables were: percent entrapment efficiency (% EE), particle size (PS), poly-dispersity index (PDI), zeta potential (ZP) and in vitro LX released (after 2, 10 h). Numerical optimization was used to statistically optimize the formulae using Design-Expert® software. Choosing the best formula was in terms of maximizing % EE, ZP (as absolute value) and in vitro release, while minimizing PS and PDI. Characterization of best formula was performed by Transmission electron microscopy, Differential scanning calorimetry, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, stability testing, ex vivo permeation and skin deposition studies using rat skin. The in vivo pharmacodynamics activities of the optimized formula were examined on male rats and mice and related to that of the oral commercial product. The optimized formula demonstrated to be non-irritant, with considerably improved anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities. Higher in vivo skin permeation was confirmed using confocal laser scanning microscopy. In conclusion, the obtained results proved that mixed micelles could be promising method for transdermal drug delivery.

After thirty years, oxybutynin chloride is still the gold first line treatment of nocturnal enuresis. Although oxybutynin chloride is very effective, the drug bioavailability is only 6% as it is subjected to sever first pass effect. The aim of this work is to formulate oxybutynin chloride in a nanosponge formulation to increase the drug bioavailability and maximize its oral benefits. Oxybutynin nanosponges were formulated by emulsion solvent diffusion/salting out method, using ethyl cellulose as a polymer, poly-vinyl alcohol (PVA) as a surfactant and sodium chloride as salting out agent. Oxybutynin chloride loading efficiency was found to exceed 90% (N3 and N4), the drug release from the nanosponge formulations was found to follow Baker and Lonsdale model. Formulae N3 and N4 were compressed in a tablet form and coded TN3 and TN4 respectively to evaluate its bioavailability in comparison to commercially available oxybutynin chloride extended release tablets (Uripan® XR) on 6 healthy human volunteers. The Tmax of both formulae TN3 and TN4 were found to be 2 h while for Uripan® XR it was found to be 4 h, the relative bioavailability of TN3 and TN4 were found to be 213.9% and 248.8% respectively in compression to Uripan® XR.

A review with 75 references is presented that deals with the reported methods for analysis of some important central nervous system (CNS) drugs in biological fluids utilizing stir bar sorptive extraction (SBSE) technique covering the years from 2000 to 2008. The theoretical aspects of SBSE, as well as an significant number of applications have been published, showing the advantages of this technique over the classical extraction techniques (liquid–liquid extraction (LLE) and solid-phase extraction (SFE). In this review, recent SBSE developments and a focus on the development of new instrumental approaches and sorbent phases are presented.

The electrical conductivities of a new series of some transition metal complexes of 5-nitro and 6-nitrobenzimidazole, L1 and L2, respectively, have been investigated as a function of temperature, anion, metal ion and bulkiness of the imidazoles. The conductivity data measured in the temperature range 298–388 K were correlated to the geometrical change. Empirical equations have been constructed to correlate the variation of the activation energy, ΔE (eV), with log σ0.

The measurements of the electrical conductivity of 2-quinaldyl phenyl ketone, QPK, and its metal complexes were carried out in the temperature range 298–373 K. These compounds are found to possess semiconducting behaviour. The effect of gamma-irradiation on the electrical conductivity of these compounds in the 10 3 –10 7 rad range was studied. The conductivity of the complexes decreased on increasing the radiation dose and approaches that of the ligand. The increase in the activation energy, Δ E (eV), by radiation was found to be dependent on the crystal field stabilization energy in the case of a high spin tetrahedral field and the ionic potential of the metal ion.