9 results on '"Milton Kanashiro"'
Search Results
2. Sustainability of Brazilian forest concessions
- Author
-
Marielos Peña-Claros, Milton Kanashiro, Camille Piponiot, Edson Vidal, Francis E. Putz, Mark Schulze, Plinio Sist, and Adalberto Veríssimo
- Subjects
Reconstitution forestière ,0106 biological sciences ,Sustainable forest management ,Production forestière ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Amazonian forest concessions ,gestion forestière durable ,Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law ,010603 evolutionary biology ,01 natural sciences ,Forest restoration ,K01 - Foresterie - Considérations générales ,Production (economics) ,Bosecologie en Bosbeheer ,Wood industry ,Nature and Landscape Conservation ,media_common ,Amazon rainforest ,Agroforestry ,Logging ,Foresterie ,Forestry ,PE&RC ,Selective logging ,Forest Ecology and Forest Management ,K10 - Production forestière ,E11 - Économie et politique foncières ,Service (economics) ,Sustainability ,Environmental science ,concession (foncière) ,010606 plant biology & botany - Abstract
In 2006, the Brazilian Forest Service (SFB) started an ambitious program to establish forest concessions so as to provide a legal framework for long-term sustainable timber production in Amazonian forests. Forest concessions in the Brazilian Amazon currently cover only 1.6 million ha (Mha) but we estimate the area of all potential concessions as 35 Mha. This paper assessed the conditions under which the present and potential concession system can ensure an annual production of 11 Mm3. yr−1 to meet the estimated present timber demand. For this we used the volume dynamics with differential equations model (VDDE) calibrated for the Amazon Basin with a Bayesian framework with data from 3500 ha of forest plots monitored for as long as 30 years after selective logging. Predictions of commercial volume recovery rates vary with location. We tested 27 different scenarios by using combinations of initial proportion of commercial volume, logging intensity and cutting cycle length. These scenarios were then applied to the current area of concessions and to the area of all potential concessions (35 Mha). Under current logging regulations and the current concession area (mean logging intensity of 15–20 m3.ha−1, a harvest cycle of 35 years and an initial commercial timber volume proportion of 20%), timber production can be maintained only for a single cutting cycle (35 years). Only the scenario with a logging intensity of 10 m3ha−1 every 60 years with a 90% initial proportion of commercial timber species can be considered as sustainable. Under this scenario, the maximum annual production with the present concession areas is 159,000 m3 (157–159), or less than 2% of the present annual production of 11 Mm3. When considering all potential concession areas (35 Mha), under current rules, the total annual production is 10 Mm3yr−1 (2–17 Mm3yr−1, 95% credibility interval) but is not maintained after the first logging cycle. Under the most sustainable scenario (see above) and a concession area of 35 Mha, the long-term sustainable annual production of timber reaches only 3.4 Mm3yr−1. Based on these results we argue that the concession system will not be able to supply the timber demand without substantial reforms in natural forest management practices and in the wood industry sector. We argue that alternative sources of timber, including plantations linked with forest restoration initiatives, must be promoted.
- Published
- 2021
3. Forensic timber identification: It's time to integrate disciplines to combat illegal logging
- Author
-
Birgit Braun, Shelley Gardner, Phil Guillery, Andrew J. Lowe, Johannes Zahnen, Darren Thomas, John C. Hermanson, Bernd Degen, Milton Kanashiro, Gerhard Breulmann, Anto Rimbawanto, Edgard O. Espinoza, Soon Leong Lee, Gerald Koch, Eleanor E. Dormontt, Yafang Yin, Alex C. Wiedenhoeft, and Markus Boner
- Subjects
Forensic science ,Identification (information) ,Ecology ,Supply chain ,Biology ,Principle of legality ,Illegal logging ,Multiple methods ,Suspect ,Data science ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics ,Due diligence ,Nature and Landscape Conservation - Abstract
The prosecution of illegal logging crimes is hampered by a lack of available forensic timber identification tools, both for screening of suspect material and definitive identification of illegally sourced wood. Reputable timber traders are also struggling to police their own supply chains and comply with the growing requirement for due diligence with respect to timber origins and legality. A range of scientific methods have been developed independently with the potential to provide the required identification information, but little attention has been given to how these tools can be applied synergistically to support the legal timber trade. Here we review the use of visual identification methods (wood anatomy, dendrochronology), chemical methods (mass spectrometry, near infrared spectroscopy, stable isotopes, radio-carbon), and genetic methods (DNA barcoding, population genetics/phylogeography, DNA fingerprinting) each with potential application to forensic timber identification. We further highlight where future research and development are required to identify illegal logging crimes using these methods and suggest ways in which multiple methods can be used together to answer specific identification questions. We argue that a new integrated field of forensic timber identification should be a global investment priority, for which the ongoing collection, curation and taxonomic study of appropriate reference material is a critical part. Consideration of the specific legal requirements for method development and the application of identification methodologies to criminal evidence are also imperative to achieve robust scientific support for illegal logging crime prosecutions and prevention.
- Published
- 2015
4. Effects of selective logging on the mating system and pollen dispersal of Hymenaea courbaril L. (Leguminosae) in the Eastern Brazilian Amazon as revealed by microsatellite analysis
- Author
-
F.S. Carneiro, Maristerra R. Lemes, Rogério Gribel, Milton Kanashiro, Lúcia Helena de Oliveira Wadt, Alexandre Magno Sebbenn, and André Eduardo Biscaia de Lacerda
- Subjects
Genetic diversity ,education.field_of_study ,geography ,geography.geographical_feature_category ,Amazon rainforest ,Logging ,Population ,Selfing ,Forestry ,Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law ,Biology ,biology.organism_classification ,Old-growth forest ,Gene flow ,Botany ,Hymenaea courbaril ,education ,Nature and Landscape Conservation - Abstract
Using nine microsatellite loci, we studied the effects of selective logging on genetic diversity, mating system and pollen dispersal in a population of the tree species Hymenaea courbaril, located in a 546 ha plot in the Tapajos National Forest, Para State, Brazil. We analyzed 250 offspring (nursery reared seedlings) collected after a logging episode from 14 open-pollinated seed trees. These were compared to 367 seedlings from 20 open-pollinated seed trees previously collected from the pre-logging primary forest. The genetic diversity was significantly lower in the post-logging seed cohort. In contrast to the pre-logging population, significant levels of selfing were detected in the post-logging population (tm = 0.962, P
- Published
- 2011
5. High levels of pollen dispersal detected through paternity analysis from a continuous Symphonia globulifera population in the Brazilian Amazon
- Author
-
Alexandre Magno Sebbenn, André Eduardo Biscaia de Lacerda, Bernd Degen, Milton Kanashiro, and Francimary da Silva Carneiro
- Subjects
education.field_of_study ,Amazon rainforest ,Ecology ,Population ,Population genetics ,Forestry ,Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law ,Biology ,medicine.disease_cause ,biology.organism_classification ,Gene flow ,Open pollination ,Pollen ,medicine ,Symphonia globulifera ,education ,Nature and Landscape Conservation ,Woody plant - Abstract
In this study, six highly polymorphic microsatellite loci and a categorical paternity analysis approach were used to investigate the contemporary pollen gene flow in the neotropical tree species Symphonia globulifera . Data for this study were taken from a 500 ha experimental plot in a dense terra firme forest in the Eastern Brazilian Amazon and included the mapping and genotyping of 161 reproductive trees, representing more than 90% of all adult trees, and the collection of 748 open-pollinated seeds from 56 seed-trees over two field seasons (2002 and 2003). High levels of pollen immigration from outside of the study plot were detected in both sampled seed-years (≥49%) suggesting long distance pollen gene flow. Low levels of self-fertilization were also detected (≤2%). The analysis showed long distance pollen dispersal occurred within the study area in both 2002 ( δ = 907 ± 652 m SD) and 2003 ( δ = 963 ± 542 m SD). Patterns of pollen dispersal distance within the plot were also found to be shorter than the distances between potential male parents and seed-trees. This result indicates that the distance between trees does not explain the identified pollen dispersal pattern. Our results support the hypothesis that animal pollinated species occurring in low-density populations can disperse pollen in long distances, despite the very dense nature of the forest.
- Published
- 2009
6. Rapid tree carbon stock recovery in managed Amazonian forests
- Author
-
Cintia Rodrigues de Souza, Lucas Mazzei, Francis E. Putz, Kátia Emídio da Silva, Anand Roopsind, Milton Kanashiro, Ervan Rutishauser, Marcus Vinicio Neves d'Oliveira, Ken Rodney, Bruno Hérault, Alexander Shenkin, Marielos Peña-Claros, Eleneide Doff Sotta, Thales A.P. West, Joice Ferreira, Lilian Blanc, Ademir Roberto Ruschel, Verginia Wortel, Plinio Sist, Marisol Toledo, Luís Cláudio de Oliveira, Edson Vidal, Christopher Baraloto, Laurent Descroix, CarboForExpert, Biens et services des écosystèmes forestiers tropicaux : l'enjeu du changement global (UPR BSEF), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), Ecologie des forêts de Guyane (UMR ECOFOG), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AgroParisTech-Université de Guyane (UG)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université des Antilles (UA), International Center for Tropical Botany, University of Florida [Gainesville] (UF), Office National des Forêts (ONF), Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation (Embrapa), Inst Boliviano Invest Forestal, Santa Cruz 10260, Bolivia, Instituto Boliviano de Investigacion Forestal (IBIF), Forest Ecology and Forest Management Group, Wageningen University and Research [Wageningen] (WUR), Biology Department, Iw, Iwokrama International Centre for Rainforest Conservation and Development, Environmental Change Institute, Oxford University Centre for the Environment, University of Oxford [Oxford], Escola Superior de Agricultura Luiz de Queiroz, University of São Paulo, Biodiversity Department, Center for Agricultural Research in Suriname (CELOS), Biens et services des écosystèmes forestiers tropicaux : l'enjeu du changement global (Cirad-Es-UPR 105 BSEF), Département Environnements et Sociétés (Cirad-ES), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), University of Florida [Gainesville], Wageningen University and Research Center (WUR), University of Oxford, Université des Antilles (UA)-Université de Guyane (UG)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-AgroParisTech-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Ervan Rutishauser, CarboForExpert / CIRAD, Bruno Hérault, CIRAD, Christopher Baraloto, INRA / Florida International University, Lilian Blanc, CIRAD, Laurent Descroix, ONF-Guyane, ELENEIDE DOFF SOTTA, CPAF-AP, JOICE NUNES FERREIRA, CPATU, MILTON KANASHIRO, CPATU, LUCAS JOSE MAZZEI DE FREITAS, CPATU, MARCUS VINICIO NEVES D OLIVEIRA, CPAF-AC, LUIS CLAUDIO DE OLIVEIRA, CPAF-AC, Marielos Peña-Claros, Forest Ecology and Forest Management Group / Instituto Boliviano de Investigación Forestal, Francis E. Putz, University of Florida, ADEMIR ROBERTO RUSCHEL, CPATU, Ken Rodney, Iwokrama, Anand Roopsind, University of Florida / Iwokrama, Alexander Shenkin, University of Oxford, KATIA EMIDIO DA SILVA, CPAA, CINTIA RODRIGUES DE SOUZA, CPAA, Marisol Toledo, Instituto Boliviano de Investigación Forestal, Edson Vidal, ESALQ/USP, Thales A. P. West, University of Florida, Verginia Wortel, CELOS, and Plinio Sist, CIRAD.
- Subjects
0106 biological sciences ,stock de carbone ,010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences ,Amazonian ,[SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio] ,Biodiversity ,Forests ,01 natural sciences ,K01 - Foresterie - Considérations générales ,Biomass ,Forêt tropicale humide ,Carbon stock ,Suriname ,Estoque de carbono ,Wood production ,Agricultural and Biological Sciences(all) ,Agroforestry ,Logging ,Forestry ,Exploitation forestière ,Floresta ,séquestration du carbone ,Tree (data structure) ,FLORESTAS TROPICAIS ,General Agricultural and Biological Sciences ,Brazil ,Reconstitution forestière ,Bolivia ,Conservation of Natural Resources ,F40 - Écologie végétale ,P40 - Météorologie et climatologie ,F60 - Physiologie et biochimie végétale ,forêt amazonienne ,Aménagement forestier ,Biology ,Abattage d'arbres ,010603 evolutionary biology ,General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology ,Logged tropical forests ,K70 - Dégâts causés aux forêts et leur protection ,atténuation des effets du changement climatique ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,Changement climatique ,Rotation de coupe ,business.industry ,Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology(all) ,Tropics ,Changement de couvert végétal ,15. Life on land ,Carbon ,Déboisement ,Climate change mitigation ,Développement durable ,13. Climate action ,Agriculture ,Politique forestière ,Species richness ,Cycle du carbone ,business - Abstract
SummaryWhile around 20% of the Amazonian forest has been cleared for pastures and agriculture, one fourth of the remaining forest is dedicated to wood production [1]. Most of these production forests have been or will be selectively harvested for commercial timber, but recent studies show that even soon after logging, harvested stands retain much of their tree-biomass carbon and biodiversity [2,3]. Comparing species richness of various animal taxa among logged and unlogged forests across the tropics, Burivalova et al. [4] found that despite some variability among taxa, biodiversity loss was generally explained by logging intensity (the number of trees extracted). Here, we use a network of 79 permanent sample plots (376 ha total) located at 10 sites across the Amazon Basin [5] to assess the main drivers of time-to-recovery of post-logging tree carbon (Table S1). Recovery time is of direct relevance to policies governing management practices (i.e., allowable volumes cut and cutting cycle lengths), and indirectly to forest-based climate change mitigation interventions.
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
7. Genetic effects of selective logging and pollen gene flow in a low-density population of the dioecious tropical tree Bagassa guianensis in the Brazilian Amazon
- Author
-
Marivana Borges Silva, Alexandre Magno Sebbenn, I.S. Thompson, Ana Y. Ciampi, and Milton Kanashiro
- Subjects
Genetic diversity ,education.field_of_study ,biology ,Ecology ,Dioecy ,Logging ,Population ,Forestry ,Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law ,biology.organism_classification ,Population density ,Gene flow ,Bagassa ,Genetic structure ,education ,Nature and Landscape Conservation - Abstract
Forest logging reduces population density and increases the distance between co-specifics and so can cause the loss of alleles, and affect the genetic diversity, spatial genetic structure (SGS), mating system, and pollen flow of the population. These factors were studied in the tropical tree species Bagassa guianensis Aubl. occurring in a low-density population in the Brazilian Amazon forest. Genetic diversity was compared among offspring, juveniles and adult trees, before and after selective logging. Non-significant differences were observed between these samples. The harvest of 61% of the adult trees caused the loss of three alleles in the reproductive population. However, these alleles were present in juveniles and offspring and so were not lost from the population. SGS was detected up to 300 m before logging in the overall and adult populations. After logging, significant SGS was not observed. Deviations from random matings were evident throughout biparental inbreeding ( 1 − t ˆ s = 0.067 , P r ˆ p ( m ) = 0.193 , P Φ ˆ ft = 0.081 , P
- Published
- 2008
8. Effects of Reduced Impact Logging on genetic diversity and spatial genetic structure of a Hymenaea courbaril population in the Brazilian Amazon Forest
- Author
-
Milton Kanashiro, Alexandre Magno Sebbenn, and André Eduardo Biscaia de Lacerda
- Subjects
Genetic diversity ,education.field_of_study ,biology ,Ecology ,Population ,Population genetics ,Forestry ,Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law ,biology.organism_classification ,Genetic structure ,Inbreeding depression ,Gene pool ,education ,Hymenaea courbaril ,Inbreeding ,Nature and Landscape Conservation - Abstract
Levels of genetic diversity, inbreeding, and spatial genetic structure were investigated at different ontogenic stages for a population of Hymanaea courbaril , before and after Reduced Impact Logging (RIL) was applied, in a 546-ha plot in the Tapajos National Forest, in the Brazilian Amazon. The multilocus genotype of nine microsatellites loci was determined for 74 juveniles (dbh t -test, P > 0.05), they suggest the occurrence of inbreeding depression. All ontogenic stages showed spatial genetic structure at short distance classes ( t -test, P > 0.05). Logging also reduced the distance of the spatial genetic structure in the reproductive population from about 800 to 200 m. In general, our results indicate that RIL affected the gene pool and spatial genetic structure of the reproductive population.
- Published
- 2008
9. Modelling the long-term impacts of selective logging on genetic diversity and demographic structure of four tropical tree species in the Amazon forest
- Author
-
Marivana Borges Silva, Ana Y. Ciampi, André Eduardo Biscaia de Lacerda, Marilyn D. Loveless, Milton Kanashiro, Francimary da Silva Carneiro, I.S. Thompson, V.C.R. Azevedo, Bernd Degen, and Alexandre Magno Sebbenn
- Subjects
education.field_of_study ,Ecology ,Amazon rainforest ,Sustainable forest management ,Logging ,Forest management ,Population ,Biodiversity ,Forestry ,Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law ,Basal area ,Geography ,Deforestation ,education ,Nature and Landscape Conservation - Abstract
In the last three decades, Amazon tropical forests have experienced high rates of deforestation, both by clearing for agriculture and by logging. In this study, we use computer simulations to examine the potential effects of forest logging on genetic diversity and demographic recovery (basal area development) of four neotropical tree species over a time frame reflecting multiple logging events. The study species, Bagassa guianensis Aubl., Hymenaea courbaril L., Manilkara huberi (Ducke) Chevalier, and Symphonia globulifera L.f., are all taxa which are commonly exploited for timber in the Brazilian Amazon. The simulations were parameterized using empirical data from field studies in the Tapajos National Forest, Para State, Brazil, including genotypes at microsatellite loci, demography, ecology and growth for each species. Eight scenarios, combining two different cutting cycles and two minimum cutting diameters, were examined for each of the four species. The scenarios represent the actual forest practices used in Brazil and French Guiana (cutting diameter 45 and 60 cm, and cutting cycle of 30 and 65 years, respectively). Logging scenarios were applied for six cutting cycles, and final genetic and demographic data were compared to baseline data from corresponding control scenarios. At the end of the simulated period the basal area was strongly reduced under all conditions in B. guianensis, H. courbaril, and M. huberi. In only two scenarios was a species able to recover its basal area following logging (S. globulifera with both 45- and 60-cm cutting diameters under a 65-year cutting cycle). In the logging scenarios, all species showed a loss of alleles and genotypes and an increased genetic distance (calculated between each population at the start and the end of the simulations). These effects were higher under the most intensive logging cycles (30 years, 45 cm). However, effective number of alleles, expected and observed heterozygosities, and the fixation index were little affected by the logging simulations. Over all, we conclude that, even under very optimistic conditions for growth and recruitment, current logging practices are not sustainable in terms of basal area. Our simulations show that different species respond differently to logging, both demographically and genetically. No single set of logging parameters can be applied to the forest as a whole. Rather, forest management practices must be species-specific, taking into account not only growth parameters but also ecological and reproductive variables, in order to move toward long-term forest sustainability.
- Published
- 2008
Catalog
Discovery Service for Jio Institute Digital Library
For full access to our library's resources, please sign in.