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Through structural equation modeling (SEM), this study aimed to evaluate the influence of commensality under the dietary pattern of Brazilian adolescents based on data from the third edition of the National Survey of School Health (PeNSE), conducted in 2015. PeNSE is a cross-sectional survey with a complex probabilistic sampling plan and with representativeness for adolescents in public and private schools in Brazil. Based on recommendations from the Food Guide for the Brazilian Population (Guia Alimentar Para a População Brasileira), we developed a theoretical model, using the SEM model, (stratified by sex) to investigate the relationship between sociodemographic characteristics, handwashing, body satisfaction, and commensality, and their influence on the eating pattern of adolescents. For males, age significantly and inversely proportionally associated with commensal practice (SDE: -0.28, p0.01). Regarding female subjects, body dissatisfaction was shown to be negatively associated with commensality to a more significant effect when compared to males (SDE: -0.30, p0.01). On the other hand, commensality positively associated with healthy eating patterns for males (SDE: 0.42, p0.01) and females (SDE: 0.62, p0.01). Through the analyses conducted in this study, a positive relationship between commensality and the Healthy Eating Pattern of Brazilian adolescents was observed. There were also different influences for each sex.

3D printing is an emerging technology that many believe will revolutionize manufacturing, supply chains and global product consumption. This study uses a new framework, the ladder of inclusive innovation, to analyze whether 3D printing is an inclusive innovation. The interviews with 3D printer users and innovators in Brazil show that 3D printers are not being used or purchased by marginalized communities because the technology is expensive, and it requires a steep learning curve. However, the technology is changing the process, structure, and post-structural discussions surrounding innovation for marginalized communities. Overall, there are aspects of 3D printing develop that are inclusive innovation, but there are significant barriers that prevent the technology from having a broad impact on society. The results of the study will help make innovations more inclusive for marginalized groups around the world. Abstract in Portuguese A impressao 3D e uma tecnologia emergente a qual muitos acreditam que vai revolucionar a manufatura, as cadeias de suprimentos e o consumo de produtos globais. Este estudo utiliza uma nova estrutura, a escada da inovacao inclusiva, para analisar se a impressao 3D e uma inovacao inclusiva. Atraves de entrevistas com usuarios de impressoras 3D e inovadores no Brasil, descobrimos que impressoras 3D nao estao sendo adotadas por comunidades marginalizadas porque a tecnologia e cara e exige uma curva de aprendizado ingreme. No entanto, a tecnologia altera os processo, a estrutura e as discussoes pos-estruturais que envolvem a inovacao para as comunidades marginalizadas. Em geral, existem aspectos da impressao 3D que podem considera-la como uma inovacao inclusiva, mas existem barreiras significativas que impedem a tecnologia de ter um amplo impacto sobre a sociedade. Os resultados do estudo ajudarao a tornar as inovacoes mais inclusivas para grupos marginalizados em todo o mundo.

Objetivo: Identificar sitios web con información sobre medicamentos a través de expertos y evaluar su adecuación a códigos de conducta y las recomendaciones de la Organización Mundial de la Salud. Diseño: Estudio transversal de la adecuación a los criterios, a partir de un cuestionario diseñado ad hoc (efectuado independientemente por dos evaluadores). Los sitios web fueron identificados a partir de la técnica Delphi (35 expertos). Emplazamiento: Sitios web con información sobre medicamentos. Unidad de análisis: 35 sitios web seleccionados por la técnica Delphi. En la tercera ronda se alcanzó un nivel de estabilidad (variabilidad intercuartílica) aceptable (< 0,05). Mediciones principales: Responsabilidad, transparencia y honestidad, autoría de la información, política editorial, protección de datos personales, actualización de la información y accesibilidad. Se realizó un análisis descriptivo del cumplimiento y se estimó el coeficiente kappa para valorar la concordancia entre evaluadores (criterios de Fleiss). Resultados: Destacan con cumplimiento general alto el National Prescribing Service Limited (NPS), PubMed, British Medical Journal, New England Journal of Medicine, Journal of American Medical Association, The Lancet, Fisterra y National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence. La dimensión de actualización de la información es la que presentó una menor valoración para los diferentes sitios web. Conclusiones: La calidad de los sitios web sobre medicamentos recomendada por expertos es variable. Sin embargo, hay diversos sitios web de cumplimiento alto, que se detallan en el informe. Aims: To identify websites with information on medicines and assess, using experts, their adherence to codes of conduct and recommendations by the WHO. Design: Cross-sectional study based on an ad hoc designed questionnaire (performed independently by 2 reviewers). The websites were identified by the Delphi technique (35 experts). Setting: Websites with information on medicines. Participants: A total of 35 websites selected by the Delphi technique. An acceptable level of stability was achieved in the third round (interquartile variability

ObjetivoDiseñar un cuestionario para evaluar el cumplimiento de criterios de calidad de sitios web sanitarios y analizar su fiabilidad.DiseñoEstudio descriptivo de la fiabilidad de un cuestionario.ParticipantesVeinte sitios web relacionados con salud.EmplazamientoInternet.Mediciones principalesEl cuestionario se diseñó a partir de los criterios del código de conducta e-Europe 2002, comparándolos con los del AMA, Summit, e-Health Code of Ethics, normativa y directrices vigentes. Las dimensiones estudiadas fueron la transparencia y la ausencia de conflicto de intereses, autoría, protección de datos, actualización, responsabilidad y accesibilidad. Se elaboró un cuestionario preliminar, se midió la fiabilidad, se efectuaron ajustes y se diseñó el definitivo. Se evaluó nuevamente la fiabilidad utilizando 26 sitios web por parte de 3 investigadores. La concordancia se midió con el índice kappa de Cohen.ResultadosEn el cuestionario diseñado se incluyeron todas las directrices de calidad de la guía Europea e-Europe 2002, la normativa Europea y los aspectos relevantes contemplados por otros códigos. Se obtuvo una fiabilidad aceptable (kappa ≥ 0,60) para 12 de los 18 criterios incluidos. Los aspectos menos concordantes fueron actualización (kappa = 0,310) y accesibilidad (búsqueda de contenidos y acceso para discapacitados).ConclusionesSe obtuvo un cuestionario con una fiabilidad aceptable.ObjectivesTo design a questionnaire to evaluate compliance with quality criteria on health web sites and to analyse its reliability.DesignA descriptive study on the reliability of a questionnaire.ParticipantsTwenty web sites on health topics.SettingInternet.Main measurementsThe questionnaire was based on analysis of content of the criteria of the e-Europe 2002 code of conduct, comparing these with the criteria underlying the AMA, the Summit code and the e-Health Code of Ethics regulations and current directives. The dimensions studied were transparency, absence of conflicts of interest, authorship, data protection, updating, accountability, and accessibility. A preliminary questionnaire was drawn up for a pilot test conducted by 3 researchers for 20 web sites, its reliability was appraised, adjustments were made and the definitive questionnaire was designed. Reliability was evaluated again for 26 web sites evaluated by 3 researchers. To evaluate concordance in the answers of the participants, Cohen’s Kappa index with a 95% confidence level was used.ResultsAll the quality directives of e- Europe 2002, the European regulations and relevant points from other questionnaires were included in the questionnaire designed. Reliability was acceptable (kappa ≥0.60) for 12 of the 18 quality criteria included. The least concordant aspects of the questionnaire were information update (kappa =0.310) and accessibility (search for contents and access for persons with disability).ConclusionsReliability of the questionnaire designed was acceptable.