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Skin wound healing is a complex process involving intricate molecular mechanisms that remain unknown. Restoration of homeostasis after wounding requires the remodeling function of fibroblasts. Here, we demonstrate that phosphorylation of α-cateninS641 was upregulated in fibroblasts upon wounding, which accelerated their proliferation and migration to restore the skin barrier. At the wound edge, phospho-α-cateninS641 stabilized IκBα and thereby impaired expression of NF-κB target genes to promote proliferation and migration of fibroblasts. Mechanically, phospho-α-cateninS641 blocked K48-linked polyubiquitination and proteasomal degradation of IκBα. Moreover, we also demonstrated that EGF/EGFR/CK2α was function as a key upstream signaling of α-catenin by phosphorylating α-catenin at S641. Wound repair was significantly disrupted in skin of mice in which α-catenin phosphorylation and CK2α kinase activity were perturbed in fibroblasts. These findings provide insights into the molecular control of fibroblast proliferation and migration in response to wounding and identify potential targets for the treatment of defective wound repair.

Chrysanthemum morifolium plants are important commercial herbs in China, widely used in ornamental horticulture and traditional medicine. In this study, start codon targeted (SCoT) polymorphic markers were applied to assess genetic relationships among 32 populations of C. morifolium . Thirty-two SCoT primers produced 872 loci, 90% (785) of which showed polymorphism. Average polymorphism information content of the SCoT primers was 0.987 (0.950–0.993), showing that plenty of genetic diversity exists among Chinese C. morifolium cultivars. Cluster analysis of SCoT markers (based on UPGMA and PCoA method) grouped all the cultivars of C. morifolium into two clusters. The partition of clusters in the dendrogram and PCoA plot was similar and large degree of grouping according to their origin and ecological distribution. Our results will provide much more useful information for C. morifolium germplasm resource protection and will also useful to improve the current plant breeding programs. Our results also indicated that SCoT markers are informative and could be used to evaluate genetic diversity of Chinese medicinal C. morifolium cultivars.

Two molecular marker systems, start codon targeted (SCoT) and target region amplification polymorphism (TRAP), were used for genetic relationship analysis of 36 Dendrobium species collected from China. Twenty-two selected SCoT primers produced 337 loci, of which 324 (96%) were polymorphic, whereas 13 TRAP primer combinations produced a total of 510 loci, with 500 (97.8%) of them being polymorphic. An average polymorphism information content of 0.953 and 0.983 was detected using the SCoT and TRAP primers, respectively, showing that a high degree of genetic diversity exists among Chinese Dendrobium species. The partition of clusters in the unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean dendrogram and principal coordinate analysis plot based on the SCoT and TRAP markers was similar and clustered the 36 Dendrobium species into four main groups. Our results will provide useful information for resource protection and will also be useful to improve the current Dendrobium breeding programs. Our results also demonstrate that SCoT and TRAP markers are informative and can be used to evaluate genetic relationships between Dendrobium species.

The system uses the ultra-low power MSP430F449 MCU as the control core, and uses the infrared wireless communication, achieving a simple underwater wireless communication. The entire system consists of 3 parts, the land-based unit, the electrical unit and the submarine model. The land-based unit uses the ASK modulation to achieve wireless communication with the submarine model. The submarine model receives and decodes signals, then communicates with model unit via infrared light waves .The motor unit receives the infrared signals and keeps the floating and diving of the submarine model by controlling the suspension. The system realizes the controlling of the submarine model to achieve various forms of movement when the antenna is 3 meters above the water. The distance error, time error and speed error all meet the requirements .The whole system operates simply and functions well.