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This study aimed to determine the physicochemical, textural, and microstructural characteristics of buffalo milk ice cream produced from high-pressure homogenisation (HPH) treated ice cream mix. Ice cream mix was subjected to 0 (control), 30, 60, 90, 120, or 150 MPa. HPH increased the firmness and consistency value of mixes, whereas it decreased cohesiveness and index of viscosity values. Also, HPH improved the lightness, redness, and yellowness of the mix. The mean particle size of HPH-treated mix samples was lower than the control, except HPH-150. The hardness of ice cream samples was between 14.30 and 77.81 N, in which HPH increased hardness value with the increasing pressure. The overrun of ice cream samples ranged from 19.93 to 45.15%, and HPH decreased it. HPH significantly improved resistance to melting in the ice cream. Scanning electron microscopy images revealed that HPH reduced the size of air bubbles. HPH at 150 MPa resulted in a foamy structure in the ice cream. HPH can alter the hardness, microstructure, and melting characteristics of buffalo milk ice cream. Products with improved properties may be developed by further modifying the formulation and processing parameters.

World Conference on Technology, Innovation and Entrepreneurship -- MAY 28-30, 2015 -- Istanbul, TURKEY WOS: 000380509900261 In this study, the wool fabric was mordanted with natural mordant agents extracted from the waste of three different plants. After the mordanting process, the samples were dyed with the natural dye extracted from the cone of Chamaecyparis Lawsoniana. Finally, the fastness properties, color strength (K/S) values and antimicrobial properties of samples were investigated in terms of the type of mordant. (C) 2015 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.

World Conference on Technology, Innovation and Entrepreneurship -- MAY 28-30, 2015 -- Istanbul, TURKEY WOS: 000380509900263 In this study, cotton fabric was treated with oxygen, nitrogen and argon plasma application. The plasma application was carried out for 10 minutes at low frequency. Firstly, contact angle of plasma treated samples was measured at the end of plasma treatment. The results showed that the plasma treatment causes to increase the hydrophility of samples. Moreover, it was seen that the type of gas affects the hydrophilic properties of samples. After then the samples were left during 1 month with different conditions which were under normal condition and covered with aluminum foil. Finally, the contact angle of plasma treated samples was measured after 1 month in order to determine the durability effect of plasma treatment on properties of cotton fabric. After the contact angle measurements, the results were evaluated with statistical analyses in terms of the type of gas and storage conditions of plasma treated samples. The results demonstrated that the storage conditions and type of gas affect the hydrophilic properties of plasma treated cotton fabric after 1 month. (C) 2015 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.

World Conference on Technology, Innovation and Entrepreneurship -- MAY 28-30, 2015 -- Istanbul, TURKEY WOS: 000380509900260 In this study, Polyester/Viscose (PET/CV) nonwoven fabrics were treated with oxygen plasma application. The plasma application was carried out for 1and 10 minutes at low frequency. After then, the samples were dyed with disperse dyes. Where same samples were dyed with carriers, the others were dyed without carriers. Finally, the effects of plasma treatment on dyeing properties of PET/CV nonwoven fabrics were investigated at 3% darkness. The aim of this study is that the effect of hydrophility caused by the plasma application on dyeability properties of samples was investigated. (C) 2015 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.

This study presents a morphometric developmental analysis of bovine kidneys and a demonstration of intrarenal arterial vascularization in the prenatal period. A total of 40 Holstein bovine fetuses constituted the material of the study. The fetuses were divided into three groups, according to the gestational stages they belonged to early, mid- and late stages, such that each group comprised 10 fetuses. Sixty kidneys and their renal arteries were evaluated using morphometric measurements. Furthermore, 10 bovine fetuses were injected with cast solution to demonstrate the intrarenal arteries. Data obtained in the present study were statistically analyzed. Although the right and left kidneys did not significantly differ from each other, significant differences existed between the different gestational stages (P0.05). The kidney parameters, including length, width and thickness, were positively correlated with both the right and left kidneys as well as with gestational age. Four types of intrarenal arterial segmentation were demonstrated. Type I was observed in 10 kidneys (50%), type II in four kidneys (20%) as well as type III, and type IV in only two kidneys (10%). In the most frequent arterial segmentation type (type I), the renal artery divided into three segmental arteries, which supplied the cranial polar, medial and caudal polar regions of the kidney, after stemming from the abdominal aorta. Furthermore, cases of double and multiple renal arteries were also observed.

Aim To investigate the value of virtual cystoscopy using contrast material to fill the bladder during routine abdominopelvic computed tomography (CT) examinations for the detection of bladder tumours. Materials and methods Thirty-three consecutive patients (25 men and eight women; are range 51–82 years; mean age ± SD, 65 ± 7 years) who had painless macroscopic haematuria and were suspected to have bladder neoplasms were prospectively evaluated with virtual cystoscopy. After intravenous injection of contrast medium, the contrast material-filled bladders were examined with single-detector helical CT with 2-mm section thicknesses. Source CT data were transferred to a workstation for interactive navigation using surface rendering. All the patients also underwent conventional cystoscopy. Results The results of virtual cystoscopy were compared with the findings from the conventional cystoscopy. Seventy-one of 78 bladder tumours detected with conventional cystoscopy in 28 patients were also shown on virtual images. The bladders of five patients appeared normal on both conventional cystoscopy and virtual cystoscopy. On virtual cystoscopy, seven of the 12 lesions that were ≤5 mm in diameter could be identified. The following statistical values for the identification of bladder lesions using virtual cystoscopy were calculated: sensitivity 94%, specificity 90%, positive predictive value 87%, negative predictive value 93%, and accuracy 93%. Conclusion CT virtual cystoscopy is a noninvasive technique that can be used successfully for detection of bladder tumours >5 mm in selected cases during daily routine abdominopelvic work.

Introduction To describe a new alternative technique to overcome several disadvantages of previous techniques to repair idiopathic hydrocele. Idiopathic hydrocele, which causes scrotal enlargement and discomfort for patients, is an abnormal fluid collection between the parietal and visceral layers of tunica vaginalis of the testis. Surgical and sclerotherapy treatments have previously been used to treat this problem. Technical considerations Forty-five patients with hydrocele (aged 19 to 67 years) underwent an alternative procedure using a silicone catheter 15 to 20 cm in length in which holes had been made to enable flow of the hydrocele fluid from the parietal layer of the tunica vaginalis to the surrounding scrotal tissue. After an incision of approximately 5 mm on the scrotal wall with a scalpel knife, a cannula was pushed through the hydrocele sac with a gentle rotation until reaching the upper scrotal wall. A silicone catheter with holes was passed through the cannula to the point of the incision by way of the cannula. At the end, both tips of the catheter were sutured. During the procedure, the hydrocele fluid was emptied using an angiocatheter before the cannula was removed. Conclusions The results of this study indicate that this procedure does not require dissection, incision, or manipulation of the scrotal contents during treatment. It also resulted in a low rate of recurrence during the 1 to 3 years of follow-up. Additionally, the procedure has minimal complications and requires a short time, only about 15 minutes.

Purpose We described our ureteroscopic pneumotic lithotripsy experience with uretric stones in preschool age children. Material and Methods We retrospectively reviewed the records of 24 children 1 to 6 years old who underwent ureteroscopic lithotripsy at our institution between January 2005 and July 2009. Patient age and gender, localization of calculi, surgical procedures, surgical outcomes and complications were recorded. All procedures were performed under general anesthesia using 8 Fr semi-rigid uretereoscopy. Stones were fragment with a pneumatic lithotriptor. Results Nine female, 15 male, totally 24 children review in this study. The mean age of the patients was 3,2 years. Mean stone size was 7.7 mm. Stone localisations were proximal ureter in 4(16.6%) and distal ureter in (83.4)%. Balloon dilatation was performed in only one patient that was 1 year old age in rest hydrolicdilatation was used. In all patients the stones were fragmented during the operation; the stone fragments were extracted with triceps basket. 22 of the 24 patients were stone-free after a one-stage procedure (92 %) within 4 weeks after the procedure; a further procedure in the remaining one of two patients the success rate was 96% (23/24). In two patients ureter was perforated and mucosal tear was seen in one. Conclusions Ureteroscopic lithotripsy is effective in also preschool age children.