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Expansion of police militarization in the U.S. raises questions about how such policing affects society and minority communities. We estimate the impact of one particular aspect of police militarization—the Department of Defense’s Excess Property Program 1033—on civic engagement—which we capture primarily by examining charitable giving among households—via an instrumental variables approach. The instrument stems from plausibly exogenous variation in federal defense spending, which affects awareness of military culture and capabilities, and thus encourages the adoption of military equipment and tactics by local police departments. Estimates show that the 1033 Program has a fragmenting effect on society: As the transfer of surplus military equipment to local law enforcement increases, black households reduce their total charitable donations more than all other households. more...

1. 1. Coronary blood flow and cardiac output determinations were carried out in sixteen patients in hypovolemic shock. 2. 2. Young patients with open bleeding wounds showed an increased coronary blood flow and cardiac output in hypovolemic shock shortly after the fluid replacement was initiated. Middle aged patients with closed wounds did not show significant deviation from normal under similar conditions. Possible explanations for these findings are discussed. 3. 3. A regulatory mechanism between coronary blood flow and cardiac output may exist. 4. 4. Additional investigations and application of various technics for further verification of the present findings appear timely. more...