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Quinoxaline derivatives have been synthesized in high yields in the presence of cellulose sulfuric acid as an inexpensive, recyclable and biodegradable solid acid catalyst in H2O or EtOH at room temperature.

The oxidation of organic compounds by NaBrO 3 under heteropoly acid catalysis in aqueous acetonitrile at room temperature has been studied. Primary and secondary aromatic alcohols are converted to aldehydes and ketones, alkyl arenes and sulfides oxidized to corresponding ketones and sulfoxide, respectively. In contrary, thiols undergo oxidative coupling reactions to give disulfides. The reaction was carried out in various solvents or under solvent free conditions. The reaction exhibited better results in terms of the yield and rate in H 2 O/CH 3 CN.

A new, one-pot, four-component reaction for the synthesis of a novel class of highly substituted 1,4-dihydro-1,8-naphthyridine-3-carboxamide derivatives starting from readily available inputs including aliphatic or aromatic amines, diketene, aromatic aldehydes, and 2-aminopyridines in the presence of a catalytic amount of p-toluenesulfonic acid under mild reaction conditions and in good yields at ambient temperature is described.

A one-pot four-component reaction of an aliphatic or aromatic amine, diketene, an aromatic aldehyde and 1,3-diphenyl-1H-pyrazol-5-amine in the presence of p-toluenesulfonic acid as a catalyst has been developed. In this reaction, a new class of fully substituted pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridine-5-carboxamide derivatives is produced under mild reaction conditions and in good yields at ambient temperature.