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To investigate factors that cause impairment of hand function in children with an upper Neonatal Brachial Plexus Palsy (NBPP), we performed an in-depth analysis of tactile hand sensibility, especially the ability to correctly localise a sensory stimulus on their fingers.A cross-sectional investigation of children with NBPP, compared to healthy controls. The thickest Semmes-Weinstein (SW) monofilament was pressed on the radial or ulnar part of each fingertip (10 regions), while a screen prevented seeing the hand.Tertiary referral centre for nerve lesions in an academic hospital in The Netherlands. The control group was recruited at their school.41 children with NBPP (mean age 10.0 y) and 25 controls (mean age 9.5 y) INTERVENTIONS: N.A.Correct localization of the applied stimuli was evaluated, per region, per finger and per dermatome with a test score. The affected side of the NBPP group was compared with the non-dominant hand of the controls.The ability to localize stimuli on the tips of the fingers in children with an upper NBPP was significantly diminished in all fingers, except for the little finger, as compared to healthy controls. Mean localisation scores were 6.6 (thumb) and 6.3 (index finger) in the NBPP group and 7.6 in both fingers for controls (maximum score possible is 8.0). Localization scores were significant lower in regions attributed to dermatomes C6 (p0.001) and C7 (p = 0.001), but not to C8 (p = 0.115).Children with an upper NBPP showed a diminished and incorrect ability to localize sensory stimuli to their fingers. This finding is likely one of the factors underlying the impairment of hand function and should be addressed with sensory focussed therapy.