Search

Background Primary aortic mural thrombus (AMT) is a rare entity. Asymptomatic AMT may be found in imaging studies for other disease studies. Symptomatic AMT as embolic events may localize in the arterial branches of the aorta; limb ischemia is the most usual clinical presentation, though. However, when proximal aorta is compromised, visceral branches occlusion and ischemia may determine morbidity and mortality in these patients. Methods We performed a retrospective study with collection of data from January 2011 to September 2016. Medical records of patients were reviewed for: demographic data, cardiovascular risk factors or any known prothrombotic predisposing condition, clinical presentation, vessel of embolism, localization of aortic thrombus, treatment of AMT and symptoms, follow-up, and computed tomography scan imaging findings. Results A total of 8 patients were included in the study. Mean age was 54.7 ± 11.5 years, with male/female ratio 3:1. Four (50%) patients had AMT at the arch or descending aorta, 3 (37.5%) patients in the infrarenal sector, and the remaining in the visceral aorta. All but one patient received anticoagulation alone for the aortic thrombus. Patient with femoral thromboembolectomy died in the early postoperative time due to severe massive embolism. Median follow-up was 23 months (range, 1–50). Five out of seven patients showed complete aortic thrombus resolution in imaging follow up. None of the patients presented recurrence of embolic events. Conclusions An anticoagulation first-approach treatment may be reasonable if mild organ damage is encountered. This strategy may be continued if no recurrences in embolic events are encountered, as high percentage of thrombus resolution is expected. Open or endovascular may be saved for life-threatening visceral or arch branches damage.

Resumen La aparicion de trombosis venosa asociada a cables de marcapasos no es una entidad infrecuente, cursando habitualmente de forma asintomatica o con sintomas leves debido a la dificultad del retorno venoso. Esto debido a la colateralidad secundaria y progresiva que compensa dicho componente mecanico obstructivo. La presentacion sintomatica como sindrome de vena cava superior no es habitual y su aparicion por tanto, poco frecuente; dada la extensa colateralidad venosa que asocian estos pacientes.