1. Dissipation of S-metolachlor and butachlor in agricultural soils and responses of bacterial communities: Insights from compound-specific isotope and biomolecular analyses
- Author
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Charline Wiegert, Benoît Guyot, Stéphane Vuilleumier, Gwenaël Imfeld, Ehssan Torabi, University of Tehran, Laboratoire d'Hydrologie et de Géochimie de Strasbourg (LHyGeS), Ecole et Observatoire des Sciences de la Terre (EOST), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Nationale du Génie de l'Eau et de l'Environnement de Strasbourg (ENGEES)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Génétique moléculaire, génomique, microbiologie (GMGM), and Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
- Subjects
Environmental Engineering ,010501 environmental sciences ,01 natural sciences ,Pesticide degradation ,Actinobacteria ,Soil ,03 medical and health sciences ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,RNA, Ribosomal, 16S ,Acetamides ,Soil Pollutants ,Environmental Chemistry ,Soil Microbiology ,030304 developmental biology ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,General Environmental Science ,2. Zero hunger ,0303 health sciences ,biology ,Herbicides ,Chloroacetanilide herbicides ,General Medicine ,biology.organism_classification ,Soil type ,Carbon isotope fractionation ,Biodegradation, Environmental ,Bacterial diversity ,chemistry ,13. Climate action ,Environmental chemistry ,Soil water ,Acetanilides ,[SDV.TOX.ECO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Toxicology/Ecotoxicology ,[SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology ,Microcosm ,Metolachlor ,Desulfuromonadales ,Butachlor - Abstract
International audience; The soil dissipation of the widely used herbicides S-metolachlor (SM) and butachlor (BUT) was evaluated in laboratory microcosms at two environmentally relevant doses (15 and 150 mg/g) and for two agricultural soils (crop and paddy). Over 80% of SM and BUT were dissipated within 60 and 30 days, respectively, except in experiments with crop soil at 150 mg/g. Based on compound-specific isotope analysis (CSIA) and observed dissipation, biodegradation was the main process responsible for the observed decrease of SM and BUT in the paddy soil. For SM, biodegradation dominated over other dissipation processes, with changes of carbon isotope ratios (Dd 13 C) of up to 6.5‰ after 60 days, and concomitant production of ethane sulfonic acid (ESA) and oxanilic acid (OXA) transformation products. In crop soil experiments, biodegradation of SM occurred to a lesser extent than in paddy soil, and sorption was the main driver of apparent BUT dissipation. Sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene showed that soil type and duration of herbicide exposure were the main determinants of bacterial community variation. In contrast, herbicide identity and spiking dose had no significant effect. In paddy soil experiments, a high (4:1, V/V) ESA to OXA ratio for SM was observed, and phylotypes assigned to anaerobic Clostridiales and sulfur re-ducers such as Desulfuromonadales and Syntrophobacterales were dominant for both herbicides. Crop soil microcosms, in contrast, were associated with a reverse, low (1:3, V/V) ratio of ESA to OXA for SM, and Alphaproteobacteria, Actinobacteria, and Bacillales dominated regardless of the herbicide. Our results emphasize the variability in the extent and modes of SM and BUT dissipation in agricultural soils, and in associated changes in bacterial communities.
- Published
- 2020