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Background Mental health issues are reaching epidemic proportions among our youth. Understanding factors associated with emotional and physical functioning are critical to developing effective interventions and preventive strategies. Despite evidence of the association of cognitive fusion and emotional and physical health among adults, little is known about how this is associated with emotional and physical well-being in emerging adulthood. The purpose of this study was to examine how cognitive fusion is associated with different domains of health after controlling for psychosocial variables. Methods A sample of 353 undergraduate students completed measures on sleep, stress (Perceived Stress Scale- 14), domains of health (Medical Outcomes Study Short Form Survey), the five facets of dispositional mindfulness (Five Facet Mindfulness Scale), social support (Lubben Social Network Scale), and cognitive fusion (Cognitive Fusion Questionnaire). Results Using step-wise hierarchal multiple regression, we examined the variance accounted for by health behaviors and psychosocial variables in various domains of health (emotional, physical, social, general health, fatigue/energy, pain and limitations from physical/emotional functioning). After controlling for psychosocial variables and sleep, cognitive fusion was a significant predictor of six out of eight domains of health. In the domains of physical functioning and general health, facets of mindfulness (nonjudging and awareness, respectively) emerged as significant factors. Conclusions This study suggests that cognitive fusion plays an important role in some areas of health for emerging adults, even more so than other established predictors. Among emerging adults, it appears that thoughts play a key role in well-being and cognitive defusion techniques may be useful to enhance health among this population.

The radial artery is commonly used as a conduit in coronary artery bypass grafting. No data exist on the effects of radial sheath insertion on radial artery function. Because many patients considered for coronary artery bypass grafting have had previous radial procedures, it is important to understand any effects radial sheath insertion may have on radial artery function. Twenty-two patients who underwent elective coronary angiography or angioplasty with a 6Fr sheath through the right radial artery were studied. Radial artery function was assessed using ultrasound to measure flow-mediated dilation (FMD). Reactive hyperemia was produced by 5-minute cuff inflation on the arm to suprasystolic pressures. Radial artery diameter was measured at rest and 1 minute after cuff deflation. FMD was expressed as percent change in radial diameter compared with at rest. In all cases, the left radial artery was studied as a control. Patients were studied before sheath insertion, immediately after sheath insertion, and 6 weeks after sheath insertion. The FMD of the cannulated arm was 13.2% before sheath insertion versus 3.6% immediately after sheath insertion (p

The purpose of this review is to enhance the clinical awareness of the association between membranous glomerulonephritis and neoplasia. Controversy has persisted that has tended to minimize this association, therefore, we report our experience to shed some light on this controversy as well as to make diagnostic recommendations. One hundred seven adult patients with biopsy-proven membranous glomerulonephritis were selected for review. Twenty of these patients had a known secondary cause of membranous glomerulonephritis other than malignancy. Data were collected retrospectively on all these patients and nine were found who had or developed malignancy associated with membranous glomerulonephritis. Clinical data were analyzed to ascertain the onset of renal disease in relation to the malignancy as well as to determine the ultimate patient and renal outcome after treatment of the neoplasm. Of the 87 patients with presumed idiopathic membranous glomerulonephritis, nine (10.3%) had or developed a malignancy associated with their renal disease. The membranous glomerulonephritis was seen in patients with various solid tumors as well as hematologic malignancies. All patients presented with nephrotic-range proteinuria. Proteinuria manifested itself prior to or concomitantly with the diagnosis of the neoplasm in approximately 80% of cases. Follow-up data were available on seven patients: complete remission of proteinuria was seen in two patients associated with treatment of their tumors, one patient developed end-stage renal disease, and the remaining four patients had persistent proteinuria associated with tumor recurrence or metastasis. There appears to be a clear association between membranous glomerulonephritis and neoplasia. We feel that the practicing internist and nephrologist should be cognizant of this relationship and that a search for malignancy is warranted in all adult patients presenting with membranous glomerulonephritis.

Studies in recent years have suggested that measurement of high density lipoprotein (HDL) subclasses may provide significant information beyond that provided by measurement of total HDL. However, conventional methodology for separation of HDL subclasses involves various types of ultracentrifugation that are time-consuming, costly, and not suitable for many clinical or epidemiological studies. We have developed a simple precipitation method for the separation of HDL subclasses in human plasma. After precipitation of apoB-containing lipoproteins with heparin-Mn2+, HDL2 is precipitated by addition of dextran sulfate (mol wt 15,000). HDL2 cholesterol is calculated as the difference between total HDL cholesterol (heparin-Mn2+ supernatant) and HDL3 cholesterol (dextran sulfate supernatant). HDL2 determined by this method correlated well with results obtained by preparative ultracentrifugation (n = 295, r = 0.91) and analytical ultracentrifugation (n = 17, r = 0.92). In the original method final concentration of dextran sulfate was 0.09 g/dl; however further studies indicated that 0.13 g/dl is a more suitable concentration. The chemical compositions of HDL2 and HDL3 isolated by the precipitation method were very similar to those of HDL2 and HDL3 isolated by preparative ultracentrifugation. The concentration of HDL2 cholesterol was 40% higher in normal women than in normal men. In men with coronary heart disease, total HDL was decreased by 28%, HDL2 was decreased by 44%, while HDL3 was 19% lower. A similar pattern of change was found in women with coronary heart disease. In other conditions where total HDL either increased or decreased, the change in HDL2 was always proportionately greater than the change in total HDL. HDL3 showed relatively less change, and in some instances its concentration was unchanged. Thus HDL2 is the more variable component and may be a more meaningful index of altered HDL metabolism.

The rate of translocation of newly synthesized acetylcholine (ACh) from the presynaptic cytosol of Torpedo electric organ nerve terminals into synaptic vesicles and the extent to which ACh release from these neurons is mediated by a vesicular mechanism were investigated. For this purpose the compound 2(4-phenylpiperidino)cyclohexanol (AH5183), which inhibits the active transport of ACh into isolated cholinergic synaptic vesicles, was employed. Preincubation of purified Torpedo nerve terminals (synaptosomes) with AH5183 does not affect the intraterminal synthesis of [3H]ACh but results in a marked inhibition (85%) of its Ca2+-dependent K+-evoked release. By contrast, the evoked release of the endogenous nonlabeled ACh is not affected by this compound. When AH5183 is added during radiolabeling, it causes a progressively smaller inhibition of [3H]ACh release which is completely abolished if the drug is added after the preparation has been labeled. These findings suggest that most of the newly synthesized synaptosomal [3H]ACh (85%) is released by a vesicular mechanism and that some [3H]ACh (15%) may be released by a different process. The translocation of cytosolic [3H]ACh into the synaptic vesicles was monitored by determining the time course of the loss of susceptibility of [3H]ACh release to AH5183. It was found not to be coupled kinetically to [3H]ACh synthesis and to lag behind it. The nature of the intraterminal processes underlying this lag is discussed.

Resume La concentration des lipoproteines de faible densite a ete mesuree chez 48 sujets atteints de gammapathie monoclonale (GM) maligne (myelome ou macroglobulinemie de Waldenstrom) et chez 42 sujets presentant une forme «asymptomatique de G.M. Il existe un abaissement significatif du taux des lipoproteines de faible densite au cours des formes malignes, alors que dans les formes asymptomatiques, ce taux ne differe pas de celui d'une population normale. Dans les formes malignes, 50 % des sujets ont un taux inferieur a 3 g/l alors que dans les formes asymptomatiques, comme dans la population normale, le taux d'individus ayant un taux inferieur a 3 g/l n'excede pas 10 %.

Resume Il est possible d'evaluer les lipides atherogenes (LDL et VLDL) par l'utilisation de deux tests turbidimetriques : le test a l'heparine-CaCl2 (evaluation de l'ensemble LDL + VLDL) et le test du dodecyl sulfate de sodium (VLDL). La simplicite et le faible prix de revient de ces tests permet leur emploi pour le depistage des hyperlipoproteinemies dans une population. L'utilisation de ces deux tests permet, en effet, d'exclure l'existence d'une hyperlipidemie lorsque ceux-ci montrent que les LDL et les VLDL sont a des taux physiologiques, et ceci sans avoir recours au dosage du cholesterol et des triglycerides. Lorsque le test a l'heparine CaCl2 donne des chiffres eleves alors que le test au SDS presente une valeur normale et traduit une elevation isolee des LDL, il est possible de conclure a l'existence d'une hyperlipidemie de type IIa. Dans les autres cas, les hyperlipidemies depistees peuvent etre explorees par le dosage du cholesterol et des triglycerides associe a l'electrophorese des lipoproteines seriques. Dans cette etude portant sur le serum de 2 656 donneurs de sang (1 280 hommes et 1 376 femmes), la frequence de l'elevation des lipoproteines atherogenes est 4 fois plus elevee chez l'homme que chez la femme (10 % environ chez l'homme contre 2,6 % chez la femme). Cette frequence varie egalement selon l'âge du donneur : plus celui-ci est eleve, plus la frequence de l'hyperlipidemie est grande et ceci independamment du sexe de l'individu.

1. 1. The cholinergic nerve endings of the electric organs of Torpedo ocellata contain presynaptic muscarinic acetylcholine receptors (mAChR) which regulate acetylcholine (ACh) release by negative feedback. 2. 2. The efficiency of this muscarinic regulation varies circannually: maximal inhibition is observed in the winter, much smaller effects in the fall and spring, and no effect is observed during the summer. 3. 3. These variations are accompanied by seasonal changes in the ability of the mAChR to trigger the synthesis of its second messenger (a prostaglandin E-like substance) and in the ability of exogenous prostaglandin E 2 to inhibit ACh release. No seasonal changes were found in the number of presynaptic mAChRs. 4. 4. These findings suggest that the observed seasonal variations are due to changes in both the metabolism of prostaglandins in the electric organ and the sensitivity of the ACh-releasing apparatus to the muscarinic second messenger.

Resume Etude de la mobilite electrophoretique sur acetate de cellulose des lipoproteines de tres faible densite, isolees a partir du serum humain lactescent. Une fraction de ces lipoproteines migre en avant des β lipoproteines au niveau des globulines α 2 — α 1 , et une autre reste sur le point de depart.

In the presence of calcium chloride, dextran sulphate (synthetic heparinoid) precipitates selectively the β-lipoproteins of normal and pathological sera. This makes it possible to separate theβ-lipoproteins very easily from the α-lipoproteins which remain in solution. In estimating the serum cholesterol before and after precipitation of the β-lipoproteins, one determines the proportion of total cholesterol and cholesterol “α”; the difference corresponds to cholesterol “β”. In this way it is possible to determine easily and rapidly the distribution of cholesterol between the two lipid fractions in normal subjects and in sick people. We report here on the results obtained by this technique in normal subjects, women in child-bed, new-born babies, and certain pathological cases.

Resume Une nouvelle technique de preparation d'un immunserum anti-alpha 2 macroglobuline humaine est decrite. Elle consiste a injecter a des lapins, par voie intra-veineuse, des quantites importantes de serum humain debarrasse des β lipoproteines, puis a epuiser l'antiserum ainsi prepare par de faibles quantites de serum humain normal et par des euglobulines. On obtient a la suite de ces epuisements un immunserum anti-alpha 2 macroglobuline specifique tres actif. On peut isoler a partir de cet immunserum les anticorps purs par dissociation du precipite specifique ; ces anticorps se pretent a l'etude des reactions croisees entre les molecules d'alpha 2 macroglobuline de divers mammiferes. Grâce a ces anticorps, il est possible de preparer par un procede immunologique un serum humain electivement depourvu d'alpha 2 macroglobuline.

With appropriate concentration of sodium lauryl sulfate, VLDL from clear human sera and chylomicrons plus VLDL from lipemic sera are specifically precipitated at 35°C. The precipitated lipoproteins float on centrifugation and a clear subnatant is obtained. This precipitation requires the presence of a non-dialyzable thermolabile serum factor.

Resume Description d'une nouvelle technique de preparation d'un immunserum anti β-lipoproteines humaines, basee sur l'epuisement d'un serum de Lapin anti-serum humain total par un serum humain depourvu des β-lipoproteines. L'analyse immunochimique par la methode des gels a montre qu'il s'agit d'un immunserum specifique. Celui-ci est tres actif ; un cm3 precipite la totalite des β-lipoproteines contenues dans un a deux cm3 de serum humain ; en immuno-electrophorese il reagit encore apres dilution au cinquantieme ; il permet d'identifier les β-lipoproteines dans un serum humain dilue 100 a 200 fois. L'immunserum se prete a l'etude de reactions croisees au niveau des β-lipoproteines des mammiferes. Lorsqu'on ajoute a l'immunserum des β-lipoproteines heterologues, celles-ci sont precipitees en totalite, mais l'immunserum n'est epuise que partiellement et continue a reagir avec les β-lipoproteines homologues.

Procedures are described for the isolation of lipoproteins from human serum by precipitation with polyanions and divalent cations. A mixture of low and very low density lipoproteins can be prepared without ultracentrifugation by precipitation with heparin and either MnCl(2) alone or MgCl(2) plus sucrose. In both cases the precipitation is reversible, selective, and complete. The highly concentrated isolated lipoproteins are free of other plasma proteins as judged by immunological and electrophoretic methods. The low density and very low density lipoproteins can then be separated from each other by ultracentrifugation. The advantage of the method is that large amounts of lipoproteins can be prepared with only a single preparative ultracentrifugation. Polyanions other than heparin may also be used; when the precipitation of the low and very low density lipoproteins is achieved with dextran sulfate and MnCl(2), or sodium phosphotungstate and MgCl(2), the high density lipoproteins can subsequently be precipitated by increasing the concentrations of the reagents. These lipoproteins, containing small amounts of protein contaminants, are further purified by ultracentrifugation at d 1.22. With a single preparative ultracentrifugation, immunologically pure high density lipoproteins can be isolated from large volumes of serum.

Resume A la concentration d'environ 10,7 %, le polyvinylpyrrolidone precipite les lipoproteines seriques. En fonction du pH, cette precipitation reversible est partielle ou totale, a pH neutre elle concerne uniquement les β lipoproteines, et a pH 5,00 l'ensemble des lipoproteines (β et α1). Il est ainsi possible de precipiter separement, en deux temps, les lipoproteines β et α1 : les β d'abord a pH neutre, les α1 ensuite a pH 5,00.

Resume Nous avons montre precedemment (1) que l'adjonction au serum humain de phosphotungstate de sodium (4p.1000) et de chlorure de magnesium (0,05M) en-trains lo precipitation elective et reversible des lipoproteines de faible densite (β lipoproteines). Au cours des recherches ulterieuros, nous avons constate que lorsqu'on augmente la concentration en phosphotungstate de sodium et en chlorure de ma-gnesium, les lipoproteines de densite elevee (α lipoproteines) floculent egalement . Une precipitation fractionnee des lipoproteines seriques est de ce fait possible ; dans un premier temps on insolubilise les β lipoproteines, et, dans un deuxieme, les α lipoproteines .