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A novel food packaging film was developed by incorporating a tea polyphenols-loaded pullulan/trehalose (TP@Pul/Tre) into a composite film with ultrasound-assisted treatment of dual-frequency (20/35 kHz, 40 W/L) for 15 min to assess the physicochemical and mechanical properties of a composite film. The optimized ultrasound-assisted significantly increases elongation at break, tensile strength, and improves the composite film's UV/water/oxygen barrier properties. Structure analysis using attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transform infrared, X-ray diffraction and thermal stability revealed that these improvements were achieved through ultrasound-enhanced H-bonds, more ordered molecular arrangements, and good intermolecular compatibility. Besides, the ultrasound-assisted TP@Pul/Tre film has proven to have good antibacterial performance against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus, with approximately 100 % lethality at 4 h and 8 h, respectively. Moreover, the ultrasound-assisted TP@Pul/Tre film effectively delayed moisture loss, oxidative browning, decay, and deterioration in fresh-cut apples and pears, thereby extending their shelf life. Thus, ultrasound has proved to be an effective tool for improving the quality of food packaging films, with a wide range of applications.

This study developed two novel food packaging films, oat protein/pullulan (Op/Pul) and Nisin-loaded oat protein/pullulan (Nis@Op/Pul) films. Ultrasound was introduced to improve its mechanical, structural and physicochemical properties. The Op/Pul film has lower light transmittance, water vapour and oxygen permeability (OP) and improved film uniformity than pure oat protein and pullulan film. The addition of Nisin led to a significant decrease in the composite films' transparency, moisture content, and total soluble matter (TSM). The ultrasound treatment significantly increased the elongation at break and transparency of Nis@Op/Pul film by 18.37% and 8.03% and decreased its TSM and OP by 8.33% and 2.78%, respectively, compared to the conventional method. The structure analysis shows ultrasound enhances intermolecular hydrogen bonding, reduces the crystallinity and formed a more regular, uniform surface. Moreover, the Nis@Op/Pul film prepared by ultrasound treatment could effectively delay the decay and deterioration of fresh strawberries and prolong their shelf life.

Purpose The effect of bisphosphonate on postoperative bone mineral density (BMD) is rarely reported. In the present study, the BMD change in ipsilateral hip with and without application of bisphosphonate after primary total knee arthroplasty (TKA) was evaluated. Methods and analysis Sixty-eight patients undergone TKA due to severe osteoarthritis were enrolled in this study. According to the application of bisphosphonate, the patients were divided into treatment group and control group. The BMD of ipsilateral hip was measured preoperatively and at the 3rd, 6th,12th and 24th month after surgery. Independent t -test was conducted to compare BMD difference between two groups preoperatively and paired t -test was conducted to compare BMD at each time point. The significant difference was considered at P Results No statistical difference of preoperative BMD in femoral neck, wards triangle, greater trochanter and proximal femur between two groups was detected. BMD in all ranges of interest (ROIs) in the control group reached the lowest level at the 12th month after surgery and increased slightly at the 24th month after surgery. The BMD in all ROIs in the treatment group revealed a slight fluctuation around the baseline level. Conclusion The application of bisphosphonate after TKA contributes to the BMD postoperatively. Bisphosphonate is helpful in reducing complications caused by osteoporosis after TKA as well as the recovery of patients. Therefore, patients can benefit from the application of bisphosphonate.