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(1) To determine the prevalence of depression in patients undergoing hip arthroscopy for the treatment of femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) syndrome and (2) to determine whether depression has a statistically significant and clinically relevant effect on preoperative and postoperative patient-reported outcome scores.Consecutive subjects undergoing hip arthroscopy for FAI syndrome were retrospectively reviewed. The Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II), Hip Outcome Score (HOS), and 33-item International Hip Outcome Tool (iHOT-33) were administered preoperatively and postoperatively. Clinically relevant differences were defined by the minimal clinically important difference, substantial clinical benefit, and patient acceptable symptom state. Comparisons between preoperative and postoperative scores were completed. The Spearman correlation coefficient (r) was used to determine the degree of correlation between the BDI-II score, HOS, and iHOT-33 score preoperatively and postoperatively.We analyzed 77 patients (72.7% female patients; mean age, 35.2 ± 12.5 years). Depressive symptoms were reported as minimal (75.3%), mild (11.7%), moderate (6.5%), or severe (6.5%). Patients with minimal or mild depression had a superior HOS Activities of Daily Living (Δ17.3 preoperatively [P.001] and Δ37.8 postoperatively [P.001]), HOS Sport-Specific Subscore (Δ12.8 preoperatively [P = .002] and Δ52.1 postoperatively [P.0001]), and iHOT-33 score (Δ15.4 preoperatively [P.0001] and Δ51.3 postoperatively [P.0001]) compared with patients with moderate or severe depression. There was a weak to moderate negative correlation between the BDI-II score and iHOT-33 score (r = -0.4614, P.0001 preoperatively; r = -0.327, P.0001 at 1 year), HOS Activities of Daily Living (r = -0.531, P.0001 preoperatively), and HOS Sport-Specific Subscore (r = -0.379, P.0017 at 1 year).Most patients undergoing hip arthroscopy for FAI have minimal depressive symptoms with the overall prevalence higher than the general population. Patients with minimal or mild depressive symptoms have statistically and clinically better preoperative and postoperative patient-reported outcomes, are more likely to obtain substantial clinical benefit from surgery, and are more likely to reach a patient acceptable symptom state after surgery than patients with moderate to severe depressive symptoms.Level III, case-control study.

Single-peaked preferences are important throughout social choice theory. In this article, we consider single-peaked preferences over multidimensional binary alternative spaces—that is, alternative spaces of the form {0,1}n for some integer n≥2. We show that preferences that are single-peaked with respect to a normalized separable base order are nonseparable except in the most trivial cases. We establish that two distinct base orders can induce the same single-peaked preference order if any only if they differ by a transposition of their two central elements. We then use this result to enumerate single-peaked binary preference orders over a separable base order.

The purpose of this study was to ascertain whether a measurable difference existed in normative scores for the American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons (ASES) questionnaire between subjects who had an active workers' compensation claim (WC) with no known shoulder injury and subjects without a compensation claim (non-WC). Subjects with non-shoulder-related orthopaedic injuries were recruited from a suburban orthopaedic sports medicine clinic and an urban occupational medicine clinic. They were asked to complete a composite questionnaire that consisted of demographic information and the ASES questionnaire. There were no significant differences in the ASES scores between subject groups. There were significant differences between subject groups with regard to work hours (P = .0001), work demands (P = .0001), and tobacco use (P = .0001). Subject group was also significantly associated with education level (P = .0001), marital status (P = .0001), work demands (P = .0001), gender (P = .0001), and sports participation (P = .0314). The ASES score was significantly affected by marital status (P = .0476), sports participation (P = .0008), and age (P = .0129).

The application of 1,3-diyl trapping reactions to the synthesis of commonly used prostanoid precursors is described.