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1. Host effects in high ectomycorrhizal diversity tropical rainforests on ultramafic soils in New Caledonia

Author

Sarah Gigante, Thomas Ibanez, Laurent Maggia, Julie Goxe, Kelly Letellier, Stéphane McCoy, Véronique Gourmelon, Monique Gardes, Jennifer Read, Jean-Michel Bellanger, Fabian Carriconde, Equipe Sol & Végétation (SolVeg), Institut Agronomique Néo-Calédonien (IAC), Evolution et Diversité Biologique (EDB), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive (CEFE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), Vale Nouvelle-Calédonie, Partenaires INRAE, School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia [Norwich] (UEA), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), and Labex TULIP : ANR-10-LABX-41, ANR-11-IDEX-0002-02

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, F40 - Écologie végétale, Biodiversity, Plant Science, Rainforest, Biology, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Ectosymbiosis, [SDV.BV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology, Forêt tropicale humide, Ectomycorrhizal fungi, Champignon du sol, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Ultramafic soils, New caledonian rainforests, Ecology, Ecological Modeling, P34 - Biologie du sol, Tropics, Species diversity, High fungal diversity, Arillastrum, respiratory system, 15. Life on land, biology.organism_classification, Biodiversity hotspot, Ectomycorhize, Cortinarius, Host preference, Biodiversité, Host density, human activities, Communauté végétale, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract

International audience; Tropical rainforests have been thought to have low prevalence and diversity of ectomycorrhizal symbioses. However, to date, tropical regions have been poorly sampled for ectomycorrhizal fungi. Here, we investigated ectomycorrhizal fungal community diversity and the role of host plants in shaping this diversity in three main ultramafic rainforests in New Caledonia, an archipelago renowned for its exceptional plant diversity and recognized as a biodiversity hotspot. Sampling of ectomycorrhizal root tips and fruit bodies in Nothofagus aequilateralis-dominated, Arillastrum gummiferum-dominated and mixed rainforests showed high fungal diversity with, in total, 28 lineages and 311 operational taxonomic units (OTUs), of which 95% might be endemic. We also found that host preference and host density influenced ectomycorrhizal community composition and contributed to the high fungal diversity of New Caledonian rainforests. Finally, the/cortinarius lineage dominated the below- and above-ground communities, which suggests that this lineage plays a central role in ultramafic ecosystems functioning.

Published
2019
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2. LCO Receptors Involved in Arbuscular Mycorrhiza Are Functional for Rhizobia Perception in Legumes

Author

Martin Parniske, Jean Keller, Camille Ribeyre, Benoit Lefebvre, Luis Buendia, Jean-Jacques Bono, Mégane Gaston, Didier Reinhardt, Pierre-Marc Delaux, Michiel Vandenbussche, Marie-Christine Auriac, Tatiana Vernié, Martine Schorderet, Abdelhafid Bendahmane, Martina Katharina Ried, Ariane Girardin, Tongming Wang, Patrice Morel, Virginie Gasciolli, Yi Ding, Lefebvre, Benoît, Laboratoire des interactions plantes micro-organismes (LIPM), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Southwest University, Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales (LRSV), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Plateforme Imagerie, Université de Toulouse (UT), Institut des Sciences des Plantes de Paris-Saclay (IPS2 (UMR_9213 / UMR_1403)), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Université d'Évry-Val-d'Essonne (UEVE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Ludwig-Maximilians University [Munich] (LMU), Structural Plant Biology Laboratory, Department of Botany and Plant Biology, University of Geneva, Reproduction et développement des plantes (RDP), École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Biology, Northern Arizona University [Flagstaff], Evolution des Interactions Plantes-Microorganismes, Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), French National Research Agency (ANR) : ANR-16-CE20-0025-01, 'Laboratoire d'Excellence (LABEX)' TULIP : ANR-10-LABX-41, Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF) : 31003A_169732, research project Engineering Nitrogen Symbiosis for Africa (ENSA) through Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation : OPP1172165, Region Occitanie, INRA Department of Plant Health and Environment (SPE), China Scholarship Council, ERC Advanced Grant ERC-2013-ADG, 'Molecular inventions underlying the evolution of the nitrogen-fixing root nodule symbiosis' (EVOLVINGNODULES), ANR-16-CE20-0025,WHEATSYM,ROLES DES SIGNAUX MICROBIENS LCO/CO ET DE LEURS RECEPTEURS DE PLANTES DANS DES INTERACTIONS BENEFIQUES ENTRE MONOCOTYLEDONES ET MICROORGANISMES DU SOL(2016), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Ludwig Maximilians University of Munich, École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon), and Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3)

Subjects
Lipopolysaccharides, 0301 basic medicine, lysin motif receptor-like kinase, Root nodule, Mutant, Oligosaccharides, plant, Chitin, Petunia, Article, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, Rhizobia, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Solanum lycopersicum, Symbiosis, Gene Expression Regulation, Plant, Mycorrhizae, evolution, [SDV.BV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology, nodulation, Solanaceae, Legume, Plant Proteins, Chitosan, Vegetal Biology, biology, arbuscular mycorrhiza, fungi, food and beverages, Fabaceae, lipochitooligosaccharide, biology.organism_classification, Arbuscular mycorrhiza, 030104 developmental biology, Biochemistry, General Agricultural and Biological Sciences, symbiotic signal, Protein Kinases, Biologie végétale, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Orthologous Gene, Rhizobium, Signal Transduction
Abstract

Summary Bacterial lipo-chitooligosaccharides (LCOs) are key mediators of the nitrogen-fixing root nodule symbiosis (RNS) in legumes. The isolation of LCOs from arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi suggested that LCOs are also signaling molecules in arbuscular mycorrhiza (AM). However, the corresponding plant receptors have remained uncharacterized. Here we show that petunia and tomato mutants in the LysM receptor-like kinases LYK10 are impaired in AM formation. Petunia and tomato LYK10 proteins have a high affinity for LCOs (Kd in the nM range) comparable to that previously reported for a legume LCO receptor essential for the RNS. Interestingly, the tomato and petunia LYK10 promoters, when introduced into a legume, were active in nodules similarly to the promoter of the legume orthologous gene. Moreover, tomato and petunia LYK10 coding sequences restored nodulation in legumes mutated in their orthologs. This combination of genetic and biochemical data clearly pinpoints Solanaceous LYK10 as part of an ancestral LCO perception system involved in AM establishment, which has been directly recruited during evolution of the RNS in legumes., Highlights • Mutants in Solanaceaous LysM receptors LYK10 are impaired in arbuscular mycorrhiza • LYK10 proteins have a high affinity for lipo-chitooligosaccharidic signal molecules • LYK10 promoter is expressed in arbuscule-containing cells in tomato roots • Solanaceaous LYK10 can restore nodulation in legumes mutated in their orthologs, Soil rhizobial bacteria and arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi produce lipo-chitooligosaccharidic (LCO) signal molecules. Girardin et al. show that plant LCO receptors are involved in establishment of the ancient AM symbiosis and have been recruited during evolution for establishment of the nitrogen-fixing root nodule symbiosis with rhizobia.

Published
2019
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