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We deal with some quasilinear elliptic problems posed in a bounded smooth convex domain Ω⊂RN (N≥3), namely {−Δu=λu+μ(x)|∇u|q+f(x),x∈Ω,u=0,x∈∂Ω, where the data satisfy μ∈L∞(Ω),μ⪈0;f∈Lp(Ω),p>N,f⪈0 and 1, Grant PID2021-122122NB-I00 funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 and by “ERDF A way of making Europe”. Junta de Andalucía, Consejería de Transformación Económica, Industria, Conocimiento y Universidades-Unión Europea grant P18-FR-667. Second and third author supported by Junta de Andalucía FQM-116. First author supported by Junta de Andalucía FQM-194 and CDTIME. Third author supported by Junta de Andalucía, Consejería de Transformación Económica, Industria, Conocimiento y Universidades grant UAL2020-FQMB2046. The authors would like to thank the reviewers of the manuscript as their comments and suggestions have contributed deeply to the improvement not only in clarity but also in the quality of the results obtained

Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection is the most widespread infectious-contagious disease worldwide, reaching a prevalence of 50-80% in developing countries. Chronic infection is considered the main cause of chronic gastritis and has been related to other diseases, such as peptic ulcer, gastric mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma, and gastric cancer. The most common treatment is with eradication regimens that utilize three or four drugs, including a proton pump inhibitor (PPI) and the antibiotics, clarithromycin and amoxycillin or metronidazole. Empiric antibiotic use for eradicating the bacterium has led to a growing resistance to those drugs, reducing regimen efficacy and increasing costs for both the patient and the healthcare sector. In such a context, the development of noninvasive next-generation molecular methods holds the promise of revolutionizing the treatment of H. pylori. The genotypic and phenotypic detection of the resistance of the bacterium to antibiotics enables personalized treatment regimens to be provided, reducing costs and implementing an antibiotic stewardship program. The aims of the present narrative review were to analyze and compare the traditional and next-generation methods for diagnosing H. pylori, explain the different factors associated with eradication failure, and emphasize the impact of the increasing antibiotic resistance on the reversal and prevention of H. pylori-associated diseases.

Associations between vitamin D (VD) deficiency and the risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection have been documented in cross-sectional population studies. Intervention studies in patients with moderate to severe COVID-19 have failed to consistently document a beneficial effect.To determine the efficacy and safety of VD-supplementation in the prevention of SARS-CoV-2 infection in highly exposed individuals.A double-blind, parallel, randomized trial was conducted. Frontline healthcare workers from four hospitals in Mexico City, who tested negative for SARS-CoV-2 infection, were enrolled between July 15 and December 30, 2020. Participants were randomly assigned to receive 4,000 IU VD (VDG) or placebo (PG) daily for 30 d. RT-PCR tests were taken at baseline and repeated if COVID-19 manifestations appeared during follow-up. Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 and antibody tests were measured at baseline and at day 45. Per-protocol and intention-to-treat analysis were conducted.Of 321 recruited subjects, 94 VDG and 98 PG completed follow-up. SARS-CoV-2 infection rate was lower in VDG than in PG (6.4 vs. 24.5%, p0.001). The risk of acquiring SARS-CoV-2 infection was lower in the VDG than in the PG (RR: 0.23; 95% CI: 0.09-0.55) and was associated with an increment in serum levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 (RR: 0.87; 95% CI: 0.82-0.93), independently of VD deficiency. No significant adverse events were identified.Our results suggest that VD-supplementation in highly exposed individuals prevents SARS-CoV-2 infection without serious AEs and regardless of VD status.

The Gulf of Mexico coastal plain contains one of the largest dune systems in Mexico. These dunes and particularly their paleosols contain valuable paleoenvironmental information, however this aspect has been poorly studied. Here, we present the preliminary results obtained from buried paleosols of coastal dune ridges in Veracruz with the aim to reconstruct the environmental conditions during their formation as well as the phases of stability (pedogenesis) and instability (sedimentation) of the landscape. Three profiles were studied in the areas of Punta Delgada, PD (in the north), Palma Sola, PS, and La Mancha, LM (in the south). The chronological frame was constructed by radiocarbon dating of paleosols organic matter and pedogenic carbonates, and by Optical Stimulated Luminiscence (OSL) dating for the dune sediments. For each section several paleosols levels were identified whose properties permitted the differentiation of pedogenetic trends as well as their periods of formation. Nevertheless, the three sections did not provide for a continuous record of pedogenesis and sedimentation, as most of the paleosols are truncated by erosion. PS is the most complete profile which is formed from Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) 5c to MIS 1, with especially well-developed Holocene paleosols. LM includes only paleosols developed during MIS 4 and MIS 3, and PD shows only one paleosol originated during MIS 2. Although, the chronology is not complete as it has been constructed with a few dates, we consider each section contains information from different chronological windows. The results demonstrate that the oldest paleosols formed under more humid conditions during MIS 5c to 5a and probably MIS 4. As the MIS 4 to MIS 2 paleosols contain pedogenic carbonates, we interpret drier climates or with higher evapotranspiration rates. Paleosols from the early Holocene exhibit vertic properties probably formed by seasonal climates. Soils from the Middle-Late Holocene are less developed, due to the activation of the dune sedimentation. The results found here are compared at a regional scale with the dune system in the northern Gulf of Mexico and Yucatan peninsula, revealing both synchronous and asynchronous systems of eolian dynamics. The major asynchrony relates to the Wisconsinian stage (MIS 4 to MIS 2) for which high intensity of dune development is documented in the Veracruz and northern coasts whereas no dunes of that age are found in the Yucatan peninsula.

Penile fracture (PF) is a urological emergency with low incidence, and evidence of its long-term outcomes is scarce. This study focuses on postoperative complications and long-term functional outcomes in patients with PF and surgical repair at our center.Clinical records of patients undergoing urgent surgery for PF at a third level hospital between 2006 and 2020 were retrospectively reviewed. Functional outcomes were assessed with voluntary telephone interviews from June 2020 to February 2021. Lower urinary tract symptoms were screened by IPSS questionnaire, sexual function by EHS and IIEF-5 and morphological alterations by direct questions to patients.A total of 41 patients underwent surgery for PF. Eleven of them also had urethral injury (higher incidence if there was bilateral corpora cavernosa injury, 19.4% vs. 80%, p 0.05). Only 1 patient presented a Clavien-Dindo type 3a complication due to wound dehiscence, 4 (13%) type 2 and 9 (29%) type 1. Twenty-four patients underwent long-term follow-up, of whom 20 (83.3%) presented normal sexual function. Twelve patients (50%) had a palpable nodule at the fracture site, 8 (33.3%) had new onset penile curvature and 1 patient with previous urethral injury presented urethral stricture.In cases of penile fracture, there is a higher incidence of urethral injury if both corpora cavernosa are affected. Long-term functional sequelae after surgical repair of a PF are rare.

Resumen Introduccion y objetivos La ventilacion no invasiva (VNI) es capaz de reducir la necesidad de intubacion endotraqueal y la mortalidad de los pacientes con insuficiencia cardiaca aguda (ICA). Sin embargo, de muchos de los ensayos clinicos se ha excluido a los pacientes con ICA secundaria a sindrome coronario agudo o infarto agudo de miocardio (SCA-IAM). El objetivo de este estudio es comparar la efectividad de la VNI entre pacientes con ICA desencadenada por SCA-IAM y por otras causas. Metodos Estudio prospectivo de cohortes, durante un periodo de 20 anos, de todos los pacientes con ICA tratados con VNI ingresados en una unidad de cuidados intensivos. Se agrupo a los pacientes por la presencia o ausencia de SCA-IAM como causante del evento de ICA. Se definio el fracaso de la VNI por la necesidad de intubacion endotraqueal o muerte. Resultados Se analizo a 1.009 pacientes, 403 (40%) con SCA-IAM y 606 (60%) con otras etiologias. La VNI fracaso en 61 casos (15,1%) del grupo de SCA-IAM y 64 (10,6%) del grupo sin SCA-IAM (p = 0,031), sin diferencias en la mortalidad hospitalaria (el 16,6 y el 14,9%; p = 0,478). Conclusiones El SCA-IAM como causa desencadenante de la ICA no influye en el pronostico de los pacientes con insuficiencia respiratoria aguda que precisan asistencia respiratoria no invasiva.