1. Ecological Momentary Assessment of the Association Between Exposure to Alcohol Advertising and Early Adolescents' Beliefs About Alcohol
- Author
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Steven C. Martino, Kirsten Becker, Stephanie Kovalchik, Elizabeth J. D'Amico, Rebecca L. Collins, and William G. Shadel
- Subjects
Male ,Adolescent ,Alcohol Drinking ,Culture ,Psychology, Adolescent ,education ,Ethnic group ,Black People ,030508 substance abuse ,Poison control ,Suicide prevention ,Article ,Occupational safety and health ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Advertising ,Injury prevention ,Humans ,Medicine ,Mass Media ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Child ,business.industry ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,Human factors and ergonomics ,Hispanic or Latino ,Psychiatry and Mental health ,Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health ,Alcohol advertising ,Female ,0305 other medical science ,business ,Social psychology ,Adolescent health ,Clinical psychology - Abstract
Purpose To evaluate the momentary association between exposure to alcohol advertising and middle-school students' beliefs about alcohol in real-world settings and to explore racial/ethnic differences in this association. Methods Middle-school students (N = 588) carried handheld data collection devices for 14 days, recording their exposures to all forms of alcohol advertising during the assessment period. Students also responded to three investigator-initiated control prompts (programmed to occur randomly) on each day of the assessment period. After each exposure to advertising and at each control prompt, students reported their beliefs about alcohol. Mixed-effects regression models compared students' beliefs about alcohol between moments of exposure to alcohol advertising and control prompts. Results Students perceived the typical person their age who drinks alcohol (prototype perceptions) more favorably and perceived alcohol use as more normative at times of exposure to alcohol advertising than at times of nonexposure (i.e., at control prompts). Exposure to alcohol advertising was not associated with shifts in the perceived norms of black and Hispanic students, however, and the association between exposure and prototype perceptions was stronger among non-Hispanic students than among Hispanic students. Conclusions Exposure to alcohol advertising is associated with acute shifts in adolescents' perceptions of the typical person that drinks alcohol and the normativeness of drinking. These associations are both statistically and substantively meaningful.
- Published
- 2016