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Pharmacy students’ knowledge about adverse drug reaction reporting can impact their attitude towards patient care and issues on patient safety. The aim of this study was to investigate the knowledge and perception of pharmacy students about adverse drug reaction reporting and pharmacovigilance and to study their willingness to report. A cross-sectional study using a validated questionnaire was conducted among the university students. The demographic details of the respondents were studied. The number of female respondents was comparatively higher than the male respondents. There were no significant differences by gender regarding the knowledge on adverse drug reaction reporting and pharmacovigilance except with the knowledge of post-marketing surveillance for which male students appeared to be more knowledgeable than female students. The results showed that the pharmacy students had sufficient knowledge and there are significant differences in perception among the students on adverse drug reaction reporting.

Summary Objectives This study was done to determine the social factors which influenced the community pharmacists’ values, ethical dilemmas and the predictors which contributed in their ethical decision-making . Study setting This study was conducted in Tirunelveli district, Tamilnadu among the pharmacists working in community pharmacies . Study design A cross-sectional study was done to determine the exposure and outcome simultaneously. Data collection The participants were selected using a multistage sampling technique. Correlation analysis between the independent and dependent variables were done to determine the social factors, which influenced the community pharmacists’ values, ethical dilemmas. Stepwise regression was done to determine the predictors, which contributed in their ethical decision-making. Principal findings The independent variables (age, gender, work experience, education qualification, number of pharmacists per pharmacy, pharmacy location) had correlations with the dependent variable (ethical dilemma). Two variables (age and work experience) have significantly contributed to the ethical decision-making of the community pharmacists. Conclusions In this study, social determinants ‘age’ and ‘work experience’ are the predictors which contributed to the ethical dilemmas of the community pharmacists which in turn impact their values and decision-making. Work experience was the strongest predictor.

We studied the emergency preparedness and perceived response for Ebola virus disease among various health care providers in Malaysia using a self-report questionnaire. Most of the health care providers felt that they were able to respond to Ebola virus disease and were aware of the level of preparedness needed during emergency.

Aim Printed education materials are often used to augment healthcare professional's verbal information to consumers so it serves as an important component of symptom management. They also enhance the teaching process and can be used by consumers as a home reference. This study was aimed to interpret consumers' perception on Consumer Medical Information Leaflets (CMILs) on obesity and lipid lowering drugs, according to the standard formulae such as Flesch Reading Ease (FRE), Flesch–Kincaid Grade Level (FK-GL). Method The study was conducted over a period of 3 years in community pharmacy settings in Tamil Nadu, India. CMILs were interpreted by using the formulae such as Flesch Reading Ease (FRE) and Flesch–Kincaid Grade Level (FK-GL). Among the 1800 consumers, 300 consumers were excluded from the study due to lack of interest. Results Data revealed the consumer's perception on readability of Consumer Medical Information Leaflets on obesity and lipid lowering drugs based consumers rating. Conclusions Pharmaceutical companies (leaflets providers) are not taking the reading level of consumers into consideration which may not achieve the intended purpose. There is a need for developing CMILs having good readability score according to Indian set up.

Improving Patient Adherence and Minimizing Medication Wastage among Type 2 Diabetes Patients from Public Primary Centre in Penang E.P. Chow, Mohamed Azmi Hassali, MSc Candidate, Discipline Social and Administrative Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, University Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia, Associate Professor, Discipline Social and Administrative Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, University Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia