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1. The radiobiological effect of using Acuros XB vs anisotropic analytical algorithm on hepatocellular carcinoma stereotactic body radiation therapy

Author

Michael L M, Cheung, Monica W K, Kan, Vanessa T Y, Yeung, Darren M C, Poon, Michael K M, Kam, Louis K Y, Lee, and Anthony T C, Chan

Subjects
Carcinoma, Hepatocellular, Oncology, Radiological and Ultrasound Technology, Radiotherapy Planning, Computer-Assisted, Liver Neoplasms, Humans, Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging, Radiosurgery, Algorithms
Abstract

The purpose of this work was to study the radiobiological effect of using Acuros XB (AXB) vs Analytic Anisotropic Algorithm (AAA) on hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT). Seventy SBRT volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT) plans for HCC were calculated using AAA and AXB respectively with the same treatment parameters. Published tumor control probability (TCP) and normal tissue complication probability (NTCP) models were used to quantify the effect of dosimetric difference between AAA and AXB on TCP, NTCP and uncomplicated tumor control probability (UTCP). There was an average decrease of 2.5% in 6-month TCP. Normal liver has the largest average decrease in NTCP which was 59.7%. Bowels followed with 26.6% average decrease in NTCP. Duodenum, stomach and esophagus had 10.2%, 5.1%, and 4.3% average decrease in NTCP. There was an average decrease of 1.8% and up to 7.2% in 6-month UTCP. There was an overall decrease in TCP, NTCP, and UTCP for HCC SBRT plans calculated using AXB compared to AAA which could be clinically significant.

Published
2022

2. Effect of Procedural Technique on Cardiovascular Outcomes Following Second-Generation Drug-Eluting Resorbable Magnesium Scaffold Implantation

Author

Michael Joner, Yuichi Ozaki, Michael Haude, Gebremedhin D. Melaku, Hector M. Garcia-Garcia, Ron Waksman, Michael K.-Y. Lee, Stefano Galli, and Stefan Verheye

Subjects
Drug, Target lesion, medicine.medical_specialty, Scaffold, media_common.quotation_subject, Coronary Artery Disease, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, Prosthesis Design, Lesion, 03 medical and health sciences, Percutaneous Coronary Intervention, 0302 clinical medicine, Absorbable Implants, medicine, Humans, Magnesium, In patient, 030212 general & internal medicine, Target lesion revascularization, media_common, business.industry, Drug-Eluting Stents, General Medicine, Treatment Outcome, Pharmaceutical Preparations, Diameter stenosis, Radiology, medicine.symptom, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, business, Cardiovascular outcomes
Abstract

BACKGROUND This study sought to assess target lesion failure (TLF) and clinically driven target lesion revascularization (CD-TLR) through 1 year following second-generation drug-eluting magnesium scaffold (Magmaris) implantation using a dedicated technique (so-called "4 P's" strategy). METHODS AND RESULTS The 4 P's strategy stands for: correct patient selection, proper scaffold sizing, pre-dilatation (

Published
2021

3. The Association of Intergenerational Mismatch With Adiposity and Blood Pressure in Childhood and Adolescence

Author

C. Mary Schooling, L. L. Hui, Karen K. Y. Lee, Gabriel M. Leung, Man Yu Wong, Tom Wai-Hin Chung, and E. Anthony S. Nelson

Subjects
Male, China, medicine.medical_specialty, Adolescent, Blood Pressure, 030209 endocrinology & metabolism, Body Mass Index, Cohort Studies, 03 medical and health sciences, Child Development, 0302 clinical medicine, Epidemiology, medicine, Humans, 030212 general & internal medicine, Child, Association (psychology), Native-Born, Generalized estimating equation, Adiposity, Transients and Migrants, business.industry, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, Confidence interval, Psychiatry and Mental health, Blood pressure, Socioeconomic Factors, Cardiovascular Diseases, Intergenerational Relations, Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health, Hong Kong, Female, business, Body mass index, Demography, Cohort study
Abstract

Purpose An intergenerational "mismatch," a transition from limited to plentiful living conditions over generations, may increase cardiovascular disease risks. In a migrant population within a homogenous culture, we tested the hypothesis that an intergenerational mismatch in childhood living condition is associated with higher body mass index (BMI) and blood pressure in childhood and adolescence. Methods We used data from 6,965 native born Chinese in Hong Kong (participated in "Children of 1997" birth cohort) and migrant Chinese born elsewhere in China in 1997 (N = 9,845). We classified children into those with intergenerational mismatch (child migrants or first-generation migrants) or those without (second+-generation migrants). Generalized estimating equations were used to examine the associations of migration status (child migrants, first-generation migrants or second+-generation migrants) with age- and sex-specific BMI z-score at 8–15 years and age-, sex-, and height-specific blood pressure z-score at 11–13 years, adjusted for sex, month of birth, and age. Results Compared with second+-generation migrants, first-generation migrants had higher diastolic blood pressure z-score (.04, 95% confidence interval (CI) .02, .06) and BMI z-score (.12, 95% CI .06, .18), whereas child migrants had higher diastolic blood pressure z-score (.03, 95% CI .01, .05) regardless of age at migration and higher BMI z-score if they had migrated in infancy (.17, 95% CI .11, .23). Conclusion Different relations for blood pressure and BMI suggest that intergenerational mismatch and proximal exposures may have different impacts on adiposity and blood pressure.

Published
2018

4. Polyoxymethylene dimethyl ether 3 (PODE3) as an alternative fuel to reduce aerosol pollution

Author

Wenbin Yu, Yichen Zong, Kun Lin Tay, Qinjie Lin, Mutian Ma, Laura-Hélèna Rivellini, Wenming Yang, and Alex K. Y. Lee

Subjects
Particle number, 020209 energy, Strategy and Management, Context (language use), 02 engineering and technology, medicine.disease_cause, Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering, Diesel fuel, chemistry.chemical_compound, Ultrafine particle, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, medicine, Dimethyl ether, Process engineering, 0505 law, General Environmental Science, Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment, business.industry, 05 social sciences, Renewable fuels, Particulates, Soot, chemistry, 050501 criminology, Environmental science, business
Abstract

Polyoxymethylene dimethyl ether 3 (PODE3) is a highly promising renewable fuel. Not only does it have physical characteristics which are suitable for practical engine applications, but it is also expected to facilitate prominent soot reduction. In this work, neat PODE3 is added to diesel in an engine to evaluate its practicality in terms of curbing aerosol pollution arising from diesel engines, as well as improving energy efficiency for easing global energy shortage. PODE3 has been found capable of offering soot reduction across all engine loads. In particular, 20% of PODE3 addition to diesel has demonstrated soot reduction at all loads, with a remarkable particulate matter reduction factor of 3.55 at 50% load. However, although with such impressive 71.8% soot reduction at medium load, it can cause a spike increase of 71.2% in particle number concentration, owing largely to ultrafine particles. Furthermore, it has been discovered that PODE3 contributes minimal changes to energy efficiency and that the usage of PODE3 has minimal impact on the fuel economy by virtue of PODE3’s high density. Moreover, a manifestation of a nucleation-accumulation mode particle trade-off relationship has been observed in this work. The evaluation of PODE3’s practicality serves to bring into perspective the practicality of the fuel in terms of realistic utilization, to set it in a critical context for providing insights towards future research.

Published
2021

6. Designing and implementing an evaluation of a national work support program

Author

Alex K. Y. Lee, Irene Y. H. Ng, Tharmalingam Nesamani, Kong Weng Ho, Ngiam Tee Liang, and School of Humanities and Social Sciences

Subjects
Adult, Employment, Male, Program evaluation, Work, Adolescent, Social Psychology, Process (engineering), Strategy and Management, media_common.quotation_subject, Geography, Planning and Development, Developing country, Young Adult, Humans, Sociology, Program Development, Social Change, Business and International Management, Community development, Developing Countries, media_common, Singapore, Management science, business.industry, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, Public relations, Negotiation, Socioeconomic Factors, Work (electrical), Research Design, Health Care Reform, Needs assessment, Social sciences::Sociology::Social and public welfare [DRNTU], Female, business, Welfare, Needs Assessment, Social Welfare, Program Evaluation
Abstract

Welfare reforms in the 1990s have shifted governments around the world towards financial assistance conditional on work. While large-scale rigorous research on welfare-to-work programs has demonstrated effectiveness towards employment in other countries, no such micro-level evaluation of a policy has ever been conducted in Singapore. This article describes the process of developing a large experimental evaluation of the Work Support Program, which the Ministry of Community Development, Youth and Sports started in 2006. The lessons learned from planning and implementing the research can be helpful to future researchers in negotiating long-term rigorous evaluations in an environment where collaborators lack sufficient research knowledge. Insights include ways to focus on the essentials, find alternative experimental designs, collaborate effectively, and adapt instruments across cultures.

Published
2012

7. Increased Incidence of Colorectal Malignancies in Renal Transplant Recipients: A Case Control Study

Author

K. Y. Lee, Jin-Hyoung Kang, Myung-Gyu Choi, I.-S. Chung, Yu Seun Kim, Jin-Ki Park, Chul-Woo Yang, Chan Kwon Jung, and S. W. Kim

Subjects
Adenoma, Adult, Male, Herpesvirus 4, Human, medicine.medical_specialty, Time Factors, Colorectal cancer, medicine.medical_treatment, Cytomegalovirus, Colonoscopy, Risk Assessment, Gastroenterology, Cohort Studies, Young Adult, Postoperative Complications, Internal medicine, Odds Ratio, Humans, Immunology and Allergy, Medicine, Pharmacology (medical), In Situ Hybridization, Aged, Transplantation, Kidney, medicine.diagnostic_test, business.industry, Incidence, Case-control study, Cancer, Immunosuppression, Odds ratio, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, Immunohistochemistry, Kidney Transplantation, medicine.anatomical_structure, Case-Control Studies, Disease Progression, Female, Colorectal Neoplasms, business
Abstract

This study was to evaluate the frequency of colorectal neoplasia in renal transplant recipients and to investigate the association with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection. We compared the frequency of colorectal neoplasia among renal transplant recipients with that of the healthy subjects. Specimens of colorectal neoplasia were examined for EBV and CMV using in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry, respectively. Of 796 renal transplantation cohorts, 315 were enrolled. The frequency of colorectal neoplasia among the patients was 22.9%. Compared with the healthy subjects, the odds ratio (OR) for advanced adenoma was 3.32 (95% CI, 1.81-6.10). The frequency of cancer among the patients was 1.9% (OR, 12.0; 95% CI, 1.45-99.7). A long interval between transplantation and colonoscopy was a significant factor in the development of advanced colorectal neoplasia. EBV positivity was detected in 30.6% of colorectal neoplasia specimens from renal transplant recipients, which was higher than that for the controls (p = 0.002). CMV was not detected in any lesions of patients or controls. In conclusion, renal transplant recipients have a significantly increased risk of advanced colorectal neoplasia. EBV was more frequently found in specimens of advanced colorectal neoplasm obtained from the renal transplant recipients.

Published
2010

8. Investigation of GaN-based light emitting diodes with nano-hole patterned sapphire substrate (NHPSS) by nano-imprint lithography

Author

Shing-Chung Wang, K. Y. Lee, J. K. Huang, C. C. Yu, Chia-Feng Lin, J. Y. Tsai, Hung Wen Huang, R. Hsueh, Hao-Chung Kuo, and C. H. Lin

Subjects
Materials science, Light extraction in LEDs, business.industry, Mechanical Engineering, Radiation, Condensed Matter Physics, law.invention, Mechanics of Materials, law, Nano, Sapphire, Sapphire substrate, Optoelectronics, General Materials Science, business, Lithography, Light-emitting diode, Diode
Abstract

In this paper, gallium-nitride (GaN)-based light-emitting diodes (LEDs) with nano-hole patterned sapphire (NHPSS) by nano-imprint lithography are fabricated and investigated. At an injection current of 20 mA, the LED with NHPSS increased the light output power of the InGaN/GaN multiple quantum well LEDs by a factor of 1.33, and the wall-plug efficiency is 30% higher at 20 mA indicating that the LED with NHPSS had larger light extraction efficiency. In addition, by examining the radiation patterns, the LED with NHPSS shows stronger light extraction with a wider view angle. These results offer promising potential to enhance the light output powers of commercial light-emitting devices using the technique of nano-imprint lithography.

Published
2009

10. Investigation of GaN-based vertical-injection light-emitting diodes with GaN nano-cone structure by ICP etching

Author

C. H. Lin, C. C. Yu, K. Y. Lee, K. M. Leung, Shou-Yi Kuo, Shing-Chung Wang, Hung Wen Huang, B. D. Lee, and Hao-Chung Kuo

Subjects
Materials science, business.industry, Mechanical Engineering, Condensed Matter Physics, Light scattering, law.invention, Chamber pressure, Volumetric flow rate, Radiation pattern, Light intensity, Optics, Mechanics of Materials, Etching (microfabrication), law, Nano, Optoelectronics, General Materials Science, business, Light-emitting diode
Abstract

The GaN-based thin-film vertical-injection LEDs (VLEDs) with GaN nano-cone structures are fabricated and presented. Under the process conditions of fixed Cl 2 /Ar flow rate of 10/25 sccm and ICP/bias power of 200/200 W, the GaN nano-cone structures are self-assembly formed with variable density of 1.5 × 10 7 to 1.4 × 10 9 cm −2 and variable depth of 0.56–1.34 μm when varying the ICP chamber pressure. At a driving current of 350 mA and with chip size of 1 mm × 1 mm, the light output power of our thin-film LED with a specific GaN nano-cone structure reaches 224 mW which is enhanced by 160% when compared with the output power of conventional VLED. In addition, the corresponding light radiation pattern shows much higher light intensity due to the strong light scattering effect by the formed nano-cone structure.

Published
2008

11. Polyphyllin D induces mitochondrial fragmentation and acts directly on the mitochondria to induce apoptosis in drug-resistant HepG2 cells

Author

Chinlon Lin, Rebecca K. Y. Lee, Jenny Y.N. Cheung, Kwok-Pui Fung, Jin Lei, Ho-Pui Ho, Biao Yu, Ming Li, Siu Kai Kong, and Rose C.Y. Ong

Subjects
Cancer Research, Carcinoma, Hepatocellular, Poly ADP ribose polymerase, Blotting, Western, Apoptosis, Diosgenin, Biology, Mitochondrion, Tumor Cells, Cultured, Humans, Membrane Potential, Mitochondrial, Membrane potential, Liver Neoplasms, Depolarization, Saponins, Molecular biology, Transmembrane protein, Mitochondria, Blot, Microscopy, Fluorescence, Oncology, Drug Resistance, Neoplasm, Caspases, Apoptosis-inducing factor, Drugs, Chinese Herbal
Abstract

We previously showed that polyphyllin D (PD) produced a stronger apoptotic effect in R-HepG2 with multi-drug resistance (MDR) than that in its parent HepG2 cells without MDR. In this study, PD was found to elicit mitochondrial fragmentation in live cells by using total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy (TIRFM). When mitochondria were isolated and treated directly with PD, a stronger swelling, deeper transmembrane depolarization, and more apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF) release were observed from the mitochondria of R-HepG2 than that of HepG2. These observations suggest that PD is a potent anti-cancer agent that bypasses MDR and elicits apoptosis via mitochondrial injury.

Published
2008

12. Single particle Raman spectroscopy for investigating atmospheric heterogeneous reactions of organic aerosols

Author

Alex K. Y. Lee and Chak K. Chan

Subjects
Atmospheric Science, Reaction mechanism, Ozone, Ozonolysis, Inorganic chemistry, Aerosol, symbols.namesake, chemistry.chemical_compound, chemistry, symbols, Cloud condensation nuclei, Particle, Relative humidity, Raman spectroscopy, General Environmental Science
Abstract

Heterogeneous reactions of organic aerosols with atmospheric oxidants are important processes that affect the hygroscopicity and cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) activities of atmospheric aerosols. An electrodynamic balance (EDB) coupled with Raman spectroscopy is a particularly attractive platform for studying atmospheric reactions since it allows long-duration (days) particle levitation and reactions at atmospherically relevant low-oxidant concentrations can be investigated. In this study, we demonstrated the use of an EDB/Raman system to investigate the heterogeneous reactions of oleic acid particles with ozone (240–280 ppb) under ambient temperatures (22–24 °C) and dry conditions (relative humidity O groups of peroxides and/or ozonides), carbonyl (C O) and hydroxyl (O H) functional characteristics, which are consistent with the predictions of the Criegee mechanism as well as the results reported in the literature. We also confirmed that the Raman signatures of the reacted particles at atmospheric and much higher (>10 ppm) ozone concentrations are practically the same, which provides assurance to the use of elevated ozone concentrations in reaction studies of the oleic acid–ozone system in the literature. The ratio of the percentage of mass loss (due to evaporation of volatile organic products) to the percentage of oleic acid conversion was estimated to be 0.05. Furthermore, the oxidation products that remained in the particle phase were more hygroscopic than were their hydrophobic parent molecules.

Published
2007

13. Thermal expansion behavior of composites based on axisymmetric ellipsoidal particles

Author

Sang M. Lee, Donald R Paul, J. K. Lee, J. H. Shim, S. I. Ju, K. H. Kim, Sun-Kyoung Jeoung, Seung Goo Lee, K. Y. Lee, and N. H. Kim

Subjects
Matrix (mathematics), Materials science, Polymers and Plastics, Aspect ratio, Organic Chemistry, Volume fraction, Materials Chemistry, Rotational symmetry, Particle, SPHERES, Composite material, Anisotropy, Thermal expansion
Abstract

A new model for calculating the coefficients of thermal expansion, CTE, in all three coordinate directions is developed for composites containing aligned, axisymmetric elliptical particles, i.e., characterized by a single aspect ratio, that in the limit approximate the shapes of spheres, fibers and discs. This model is based on Elshelby's method but employs a somewhat different formulation than used in prior papers; a main advantage of the current approach is that it can be readily extended to composites based on ellipsoidal particles with no axes of symmetry, i.e., all three major axes are different, as recently demonstrated for modulus. CTE predictions for the simple case of axisymmetric particles are illustrated by calculations for glass particles in the shape of spheres, fibers and discs in an epoxy resin and are compared to those from the popular Chow theory. For spherical-shaped particles, the CTEs in all directions are the same and decrease modestly as the volume fraction of filler particles increases. As the particle aspect ratio increases from unity, the thermal expansion becomes anisotropic. The coefficient of longitudinal linear thermal expansion always decreases with increasing aspect ratio and filler loading due to the mechanical constraint of the filler. For aligned axisymmetric particles, the coefficients of linear thermal expansion are always the same in two directions. The values in the transverse direction may be higher or lower than that of the matrix depending on the values of aspect ratio and filler loading; these regions are mapped out for this particular set of matrix and filler properties. The two-dimensional constraints on matrix expansion caused by discs versus the one-dimensional effects of fibers cause quantitative differences in behavior for the two shapes.

Published
2007

14. Source identification analysis for the airborne bacteria and fungi using a biomarker approach

Author

Chak K. Chan, Arthur P.S. Lau, Alex K. Y. Lee, Ming Fang, and Jessica Y.W. Cheng

Subjects
Atmospheric Science, Ergosterol, Air pollution, Environmental engineering, Inorganic ions, medicine.disease_cause, complex mixtures, Spore, Aerosol, Troposphere, chemistry.chemical_compound, chemistry, Environmental chemistry, medicine, Environmental science, Air mass, General Environmental Science, Bioaerosol
Abstract

Our recent studies have reported the feasibility of employing the 3-hydoxy fatty acids (3-OH FAs) and ergosterol as biomarkers to determine the loading of the airborne endotoxin from the Gram-negative bacteria and fungal biomass in atmospheric aerosols, respectively [Lee, A.K.Y., Chan, C.K., Fang, K., Lau, A.P.S., 2004. The 3-hydroxy fatty acids as biomarkers for quantification and characterization of endotoxins and Gram-negative bacteria in atmospheric aerosols in Hong Kong. Atmospheric Environment 38, 6807–6317; Lau, A.P.S., Lee, A.K.Y., Chan, C.K., Fang, K., 2006. Ergosterol as a biomarker for the quantification of the fungal biomass in atmospheric aerosols. Atmospheric Environment 40, 249–259]. These quantified biomarkers do not, however, provide information on their sources. In this study, the year-long dataset of the endotoxin and ergosterol measured in Hong Kong was integrated with the common water-soluble inorganic ions for source identification through the principal component analysis (PCA) and backward air mass trajectory analysis. In the coarse particles (PM2.5–10), the bacterial endotoxin is loaded in the same factor group with Ca2+ and accounted for about 20% of the total variance of the PCA. This implies the crustal origin for the airborne bacterial assemblage. The fungal ergosterol in the coarse particles (PM2.5–10) had by itself loaded in a factor group of 10.8% of the total variance in one of the sampling sites with large area of natural vegetative coverage. This suggests the single entity nature of the fungal spores and their independent emission to the ambient air upon maturation of their vegetative growth. In the fine particles ( 2.0) in the fine particles of the continental air masses imply the microbial source from activities related to biomass burning and industries from the north. The low K+/Na+ ratios (1.2–1.4) in the fine particles of the mixed air masses suggest microbial sources from the local and regional indoor environment through kitchen emissions and the re-suspension of the road dust due to vehicular exhausts.

Published
2007

15. Prokineticin-1 modulates proliferation and differentiation of enteric neural crest cells

Author

Jacqueline K. Y. Chan, Elly Sau-Wai Ngan, Hiu-Ching Poon, Paul K.H. Tam, K. Y. Lee, Francesco Y.L. Sit, Vincent Chi Hang Lui, and Mai Har Sham

Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty, Mesenchyme, Proliferation, Biology, Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled, Mesoderm, Mice, Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases, Cell Movement, Internal medicine, Neurosphere, medicine, Animals, Humans, Phosphorylation, Molecular Biology, Protein kinase B, Neural crest cell, Cell Proliferation, Mice, Inbred ICR, Prokineticin-1, Neural crest, Cell Differentiation, Cell Biology, Smooth muscle contraction, Prokineticin, Cell biology, Gastrointestinal Tract, Protein Transport, medicine.anatomical_structure, Endocrinology, Gene Expression Regulation, Gastric Mucosa, Neural Crest, Differentiation, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor, Endocrine-Gland-Derived, Enteric nervous system, Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases, Stem cell, Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt
Abstract

Prokineticins (Prok-1 and Prok-2) belong to a newly identified AVIT protein family. They are involved in variety of activities in various tissues, including smooth muscle contraction of the gastrointestinal tract and promoting proliferation of endothelial cells derived from adrenal gland. Importantly, they also act as the survival factors to modulate growth and survival of neurons and hematopoietic stem cells. In this study we demonstrated that Prok-1 (but not Prok-2) protein is expressed in the mucosa and mesenchyme of the mouse embryonic gut during enteric nervous system development. Its receptor, PK-R1 is expressed in the enteric neural crest cells (NCCs). To elucidate the physiological role(s) of Prok-1 in NCCs, we isolated the NCCs from the mouse embryonic gut (E11.5) and cultured them in the form of neurospheres. In an in vitro NCC culture, Prok-1 was able to activate both Akt and MAPK pathways and induce the proliferation and differentiation (but not migration) of NCCs via PK-R1. Knock-down of PK-R1 using siRNA resulted in a complete abolishment of Prok-1 induced proliferation. Taken together, it is the first report demonstrating that Prok-1 acts as a gut mucosa/mesenchyme-derived factor and maintains proliferation and differentiation of enteric NCCs.

Published
2007

16. Application of high-resolution radiochromic film dosimetry in verifying a small-field stereotactic radiosurgery plan

Author

Karl Ka Lok Fung, C.S. Kwok, and K. Y. Lee

Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty, Film Dosimetry, medicine.medical_treatment, High resolution, Plan (drawing), Radiosurgery, Sensitivity and Specificity, Imaging phantom, Small field, medicine, Dosimetry, Medical physics, Radiochromic film, Radiation treatment planning, Radiation, Phantoms, Imaging, business.industry, Radiotherapy Planning, Computer-Assisted, Reproducibility of Results, Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation, Radiotherapy Dosage, Equipment Design, Equipment Failure Analysis, business, Nuclear medicine
Abstract

A high-resolution radiochromic film dosimetry (Hr-RCFD) method has been applied to verify a small-field stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) plan. This was done by exposing a RCF in a Perspex head phantom undergoing the same treatment plan as the patient. The dose distribution obtained by the Hr-RCFD was verified against that calculated by the stereotactic treatment planning system and the result was satisfactory. The Hr-RCFD method has been found to be an accurate and practical tool in verifying small-field SRS plans.

Published
2006

17. Synthesis and X-ray crystallographic analysis of chiral pyridyl substituted carbocyclic molecular clefts

Author

Louis M. Rendina, Connie K. Y. Lee, Margaret M. Harding, Peter Turner, and Jennifer L. Groneman

Subjects
chemistry.chemical_classification, Stereochemistry, Organic Chemistry, Supramolecular chemistry, Alkyne, chemistry.chemical_element, Aromaticity, Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, Biochemistry, Coupling reaction, Crystallography, chemistry, Drug Discovery, Molecule, Chirality (chemistry), Palladium
Abstract

Ditopic symmetrical bis(pyridyl) ligands incorporating the chiral dibenzobicyclo[b,f][3.3.1]nona-5a,6a-diene-6,12-dione cleft have been synthesised and characterised by NMR spectroscopy, mass spectrometry and X-ray crystallography. The ligands, which incorporate pyridyl groups directly connected to the carbocyclic cleft core or via alkyne or phenyl linkers were accessed from palladium-catalysed coupling reactions of 2,8-dibromodibenzobicyclo[b,f][3.3.1]nona-5a,6a-diene-6,12-dione. X-ray crystal analyses show the interplanar angles between the two cleft aromatic rings in these molecules, which range from 97.80(3) to 109.80(4)°.

Published
2006

18. CP violation in B→ργ decay with anomalous right-handed top quark couplings

Author

K. Y. Lee

Subjects
Nuclear physics, Physics, Coupling, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Particle physics, Top quark, Right handed, media_common.quotation_subject, CP violation, B meson, Asymmetry, media_common
Abstract

We explore the CP violation in B → ρ γ decay processes in the presence of the anomalous right-handed t ¯ d W and t ¯ b W couplings. The complex anomalous top coupling can be a source of the new CP violation and lead to a sizable time-dependent CP asymmetry in B 0 → ρ 0 γ decay.

Published
2006

19. Treadmill Exercise Produces Larger Perfusion Defects Than Dipyridamole Stress N-13 Ammonia Positron Emission Tomography

Author

Abdulkareem Alkahtani, Terrence D. Ruddy, Jean N. DaSilva, Andrea K Y Lee, Robert A. deKemp, Rob S. Beanlands, and Benjamin J.W. Chow

Subjects
Male, Vasodilator Agents, Treadmill exercise, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, 030218 nuclear medicine & medical imaging, Stress (mechanics), Electrocardiography, 03 medical and health sciences, Myocardial perfusion imaging, 0302 clinical medicine, Ammonia, Coronary Circulation, medicine, Humans, Single-Blind Method, Aged, Nitrogen Radioisotopes, medicine.diagnostic_test, business.industry, Dipyridamole, Middle Aged, SSS, Positron emission tomography, Positron-Emission Tomography, Circulatory system, Exercise Test, Female, business, Nuclear medicine, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, Perfusion, medicine.drug
Abstract

ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to compare treadmill exercise (TEX) and dipyridamole stress on the uptake and retention of N-13 ammonia.BackgroundSize and severity of stress-induced myocardial perfusion defects are clinically important. Because ammonia uptake and retention seems to be related to perfusion, viability, and metabolism, exercise stress might induce larger perfusion defects than dipyridamole stress.MethodsTwenty-six patients underwent TEX and dipyridamole stress N-13 ammonia positron emission tomography (PET). Images were assessed with a 17-segment model and a five-point score. Summed stress score (SSS), summed rest score (SRS), and summed difference score (SDS) were calculated. Left ventricular (LV) defect sizes were measured quantitatively with a 70% threshold for abnormal perfusion.ResultsCompared with dipyridamole stress, TEX yielded larger SSS (9.1 ± 5.7 vs. 6.9 ± 5.9; p < 0.01), SDS (5.8 ± 4.7 vs. 3.7 ± 4.6; p < 0.02), and percentage of LV stress defect (19.3 ± 11.5% vs. 13.8 ± 13.6%; p < 0.02).ConclusionsIn patients achieving adequate exercise, TEX N-13 ammonia PET myocardial perfusion imaging (MPI) yields larger stress perfusion defects than dipyridamole stress and might reflect the true myocardial ischemic burden. Treadmill exercise might be the preferred method of stress for routine N-13 ammonia PET MPI.

Published
2006
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20. Manifestation of edge dislocations in photoluminescence of GaN

Author

L. He, Jacek B. Jasinski, K. Y. Lee, Michael A. Reshchikov, Daming Huang, Sang-Yong Park, Hadis Morkoç, and Zuzanna Liliental-Weber

Subjects
Photoluminescence, Materials science, Condensed matter physics, business.industry, Hydride, Exciton, Condensed Matter Physics, Epitaxy, Crystallographic defect, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, Optics, Transmission electron microscopy, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, business, Layer (electronics), Molecular beam epitaxy
Abstract

A GaN layer was grown by molecular beam epitaxy on a freestanding GaN template prepared by hydride vapor-phase epitaxy. Two characteristic areas have been found in the overgrown layer: a region nearly free from dislocations and a region with the density of the edge dislocations of ∼5×109 cm−2, as determined by transmission electron microscopy. Low-temperature photoluminescence spectrum from the former contained only well-known exciton lines, whereas the spectrum of the defective area contained additional lines at 3.21 and 3.35 eV. These lines are attributed to unidentified point defects trapped by the edge threading dislocations.

Published
2005

21. A model for composites containing three-dimensional ellipsoidal inclusions

Author

K. Y. Lee and Donald R Paul

Subjects
Shear modulus, Transverse plane, Nanocomposite, Materials science, Polymers and Plastics, Organic Chemistry, Isotropy, Materials Chemistry, Modulus, Composite material, Elastic modulus, Aspect ratio (image), Moduli
Abstract

A model is developed for the mechanical properties of composites containing complex inclusions with no axes of symmetry, e.g. three dimensional ellipsoids (a1>a2>a3) characterized by two aspect ratios, α=a1/a3 and β=a1/a2, by using the Eshelby's equivalent tensor with a Mori–Tanaka type model. The influences of the primary and secondary aspect ratios on the effective elastic moduli of nanocomposites containing aligned isotropic inclusions are examined. The model is limited to unidirectionally aligned inclusions where both the matrix and the inclusions have linearly elastic, homogeneous properties. The longitudinal moduli (E11, E22 and E33) and the shear moduli (μ12, μ13 and μ23) are calculated. The longitudinal Young's modulus E11 increases, as the primary and secondary aspect ratios increase. However, the transverse Young's modulus E22 and shear modulus μ12 decrease, as the secondary aspect ratio increases.

Published
2005

22. Experimental and numerical investigation of microscale hydrogen diffusion flames

Author

Yei Chin Chao, Tsarng Sheng Cheng, K.-Y. Lee, Tzong-Shyng Leu, Y.-H. Li, T. Yuan, Chih Yung Wu, and Yuji Nakamura

Subjects
Buoyancy, Hydrogen, Chemistry, Mechanical Engineering, General Chemical Engineering, Analytical chemistry, chemistry.chemical_element, Péclet number, engineering.material, Thermal diffusivity, Combustion, symbols.namesake, symbols, engineering, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Raman spectroscopy, Raman scattering, Microscale chemistry
Abstract

Characteristics of microscale hydrogen diffusion flames produced from sub-millimeter diameter ( d = 0.2 and 0.48 mm) tubes are investigated using non-intrusive UV Raman scattering coupled with LIPF technique. Simultaneous, temporally and spatially resolved point measurements of temperature, major species concentrations (O 2 , N 2 , H 2 O, and H 2 ), and absolute hydroxyl radical concentration (OH) are made in the microflames for the first time. The probe volume is 0.02 × 0.04 × 0.04 mm 3 . In addition, photographs and 2-D OH imaging techniques are employed to illustrate the flame shapes and reaction zones. Several important features are identified from the detailed measurements of microflames. Qualitative 2-D OH imaging indicates that a spherical flame is formed with a radius of about 1 mm as the tube diameter is reduced to 0.2 mm. Raman/LIPF measurements show that the coupled effect of ambient air leakage and pre-heating enhanced thermal diffusion of H 2 leads to lean-burn conditions for the flame. The calculated characteristic features and properties indicate that the buoyancy effect is minor while the flames are in the convection–diffusion controlled regime because of low Peclet number. Also, the effect of Peclet number on the flame shape is minor as the flame is in the convection–diffusion controlled regime. Comparisons between the predicted and measured data indicate that the trends of temperature, major species, and OH distributions are properly modeled. However, the code does not properly predict the air entrainment and pre-heating enhanced thermal-diffusive effects. Therefore, thermal diffusion for light species and different combustion models might need to be considered in the simulation of microflame structure.

Published
2005

23. The 3-hydroxy fatty acids as biomarkers for quantification and characterization of endotoxins and Gram-negative bacteria in atmospheric aerosols in Hong Kong

Author

Alex K. Y. Lee, Chak K. Chan, Arthur P.S. Lau, and Ming Fang

Subjects
Atmospheric Science, biology, Chemistry, Air pollution, Particulates, Mass spectrometry, medicine.disease_cause, biology.organism_classification, Aerosol, Dry weight, Environmental chemistry, medicine, Quantitative analysis (chemistry), Bacteria, General Environmental Science, Bioaerosol
Abstract

Endotoxins from Gram-negative bacteria have received much attention because they could elicit strong pro-inflammatory responses in the human respiratory tract. In this study, 3-hydroxy fatty acids (3-OH FAs) with carbon chain lengths from 10 to 18 (C10–C18) were employed as biomarkers to quantify and characterize the endotoxins and Gram-negative bacterial community in atmospheric aerosols. Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) was utilized for quantification of this biomarker in fine (PM 2.5 ) and coarse (PM 2.5–10 ) particulates collected by high volume samplers simultaneously at a rural and an urban site in Hong Kong. The geometric mean concentrations of the endotoxins were 5.5 and 1.35 ng m −3 in fine and coarse particulates at the rural site, respectively. At the urban site, the corresponding concentrations were 9.4 and 2.80 ng m −3 in fine and coarse particulates, respectively. It is found that 70–80% of the total endotoxins are associated with the fine particulates. Significant higher endotoxin levels at the urban site were observed throughout the 8-month study period. This could possibly relate to the heavier human activities in the urban areas. The distribution patterns of the 3-OH FAs with respect to carbon number are similar between the rural and urban sites regardless of particle sizes. The C10 and C16 were predominant and accounted for about 40–50% of the total 3-OH FAs. Furthermore, the odd carbon chain length 3-OH FAs constituted a non-negligible fraction (15–25%) of the total 3-OH FAs. The biologically active endotoxins estimated as the sum of C12 and C14 portions in this study ranged from 0.6–3.7 and 1.9–4.8 ng m −3 at the rural and urban sites, respectively. Applying the biomarker-to-microbial mass conversion factors, the dry mass loading of the Gram-negative bacteria are in the order of 10–10 2 ng m −3 in atmospheric aerosol. This study also demonstrates that the biomarker (3-OH FAs) approach yields much more quantitative information such as the mass loading, total endotoxin concentration and estimation of potent endotoxin level in the atmospheric aerosol.

Published
2004

24. Synthesis of randomly oriented carbon nanotubes on SiO2 substrates by thermal chemical vapor deposition toward field electron emitters

Author

Takashi Kuzuoka, Katsunori Aoki, Yang-Gyu Baek, K. Y. Lee, Shin-ichi Honda, Takashi Hirao, Mitsuhiro Katayama, Takashi Ikuno, Kenjiro Oura, Shigeharu Ohkura, and Jeong-Tak Ryu

Subjects
Materials science, Carbon nanofiber, Metals and Alloys, Nanotechnology, Surfaces and Interfaces, Carbon nanotube, Sputter deposition, Condensed Matter::Mesoscopic Systems and Quantum Hall Effect, Surfaces, Coatings and Films, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, law.invention, Optical properties of carbon nanotubes, Condensed Matter::Materials Science, Carbon film, Potential applications of carbon nanotubes, Chemical engineering, law, Materials Chemistry, Carbon nanotube supported catalyst, Thin film
Abstract

Randomly oriented carbon nanotubes (CNTs) were synthesized directly on SiO2 substrates by thermal chemical vapor deposition (CVD) with C2H4 gas as a carbon source. To control the diameters of the carbon nanotubes, Fe–Ni thin films with different thickness from 80 to 320 nm were deposited as catalysts on SiO2 substrates by magnetron sputtering. The diameter of the resultant carbon nanotubes was dependent on the size of the catalyst particles. Moreover, a small catalyst particle permitted carbon nanotube growth. The resultant randomly oriented carbon nanotubes exhibited good field emission properties.

Published
2004

25. Controlling the density of vertically aligned carbon nanotubes by dc bias sputtering with gas mixtures

Author

Takashi Hirao, Kenjiro Oura, Syuta Honda, M. Katayama, K. Y. Lee, and Hirotaro Mori

Subjects
Number density, Field (physics), Total flow, Chemistry, Mechanical Engineering, Physics::Medical Physics, Analytical chemistry, General Chemistry, Carbon nanotube, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, law.invention, Condensed Matter::Materials Science, Field electron emission, Sputtering, law, Electric field, Materials Chemistry, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, DC bias
Abstract

This study presents a method for controlling the number density of vertically aligned carbon nanotubes (CNTs) by dc bias sputtering. The working gas was the mixture of N2 and Ne with a total flow rate of 30 sccm. It was found that the number density of aligned CNTs decreased as the content of Ne gas in the gas mixture increased. The field emission properties of aligned CNTs were measured. The lowest threshold electric field of 4.63 V/μm was obtained for the aligned CNTs with a number density of 2.4×109/cm2, which corresponds to 15 sccm of Ne gas. The result shows that there is an optimal number density of aligned CNTs for field emission since the field enhancement factor is affected by a screening factor.

Published
2004

26. Unusual properties of the dominant acceptor in freestanding GaN

Author

K. Y. Lee, Sang-Yong Park, Hadis Morkoç, and Michael A. Reshchikov

Subjects
Free electron model, Photoluminescence, Materials science, business.industry, Atmospheric temperature range, Condensed Matter Physics, Acceptor, Crystallographic defect, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, Crystallography, Optics, Excited state, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Exponential decay, business, Luminescence
Abstract

Photoluminescence (PL) study of high-purity undoped GaN revealed the yellow (YL) and green luminescence (GL) bands, attributed to two charge states of the same defect, presumably a gallium vacancy–oxygen complex. We have used time-resolved PL in a wide temperature range to study this defect. The GL band was visible only for short time (below 10 −4 s) and then transformed into the YL band, consistent with the attribution of these bands to an acceptor binding two and one holes, respectively. The GL exhibits fast exponential decay (lifetime of 1.5 μs) above 30 K. In contrast to the YL band, where the lifetime decreases with increasing temperature due to increasing concentration of free electrons, the lifetime of the GL stays unchanged up to 70 K and then increases by a factor of 20 at 300 K. This anomalous behavior of the GL band is attributed to the existence of an excited state near the conduction band.

Published
2003

27. Persistent photoluminescence in high-purity GaN

Author

Vladimir A. Dmitriev, Michael A. Reshchikov, Sang-Yong Park, Hadis Morkoç, K. Y. Lee, M. Zafar Iqbal, and D. Tsvetkov

Subjects
Photoluminescence, Materials science, business.industry, Corundum, engineering.material, Nitride, Condensed Matter Physics, Epitaxy, medicine.disease_cause, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, Impurity, engineering, Sapphire, medicine, Optoelectronics, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Luminescence, business, Ultraviolet
Abstract

High-purity GaN grown by hydride vapor-phase epitaxy was studied by time-resolved photoluminescence (PL). Two types of samples, 6–30-μm-thick GaN layers on sapphire substrate and a 200-μm-thick freestanding template, exhibited similar PL behavior. At low temperatures, the luminescence signal from the red, yellow, blue, and ultraviolet luminescence bands could be detected at delay times up to several minutes following excitation light pulse. The persistent PL in freestanding template can be attributed solely to a donor–acceptor-pair-type recombination in very pure GaN. However, a similar slow decay of radiative transitions in apparently less-pure GaN films on sapphire raises the possibility of additional mechanisms for the observed persistent PL.

Published
2003

28. The cyclin-dependent kinase 5 activator, p39, is expressed in stripes in the mouse cerebellum

Author

J.L Rosales, K.-Y Lee, Richard Hawkes, D.-G Park, Y.-G Jeong, Roy V. Sillitoe, and Hassan Marzban

Subjects
Gene isoform, Cerebellum, medicine.medical_specialty, Blotting, Western, Central nervous system, Purkinje cell, Nerve Tissue Proteins, Cerebellar Purkinje cell, Biology, Mice, Purkinje Cells, Internal medicine, medicine, Animals, Mice, Knockout, Brain Mapping, Kinase, Aldolase C, General Neuroscience, Cyclin-dependent kinase 5, Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 5, Immunohistochemistry, Cyclin-Dependent Kinases, Cell biology, medicine.anatomical_structure, Endocrinology, Animals, Newborn, nervous system
Abstract

Cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (Cdk5) activity is required for CNS development. The Cdk5 activator, p35, is well characterized but its isoform, p39, has been less studied. Previously, p39 mRNA expression in rat brain was shown to peak at 3 weeks postnatal, and the level remains high in the adult cerebellum [Neurosci Res 28 (1997) 355]. However, p39 protein expression and specific localization in the cerebellum, where p39 mRNA level significantly exceeds that of p35, have not been examined. Here, we explored the specific cerebellar localization of the p39 protein in the developing and adult mice. Adult cerebellar Purkinje cell somata and dendritic arbors were strongly positive for p39 but only rare and barely detectable p39 was observed in Purkinje cell axons. Cdk5 also localized in Purkinje cell somata and dendrites of the adult cerebellum, but p35 localized only in Purkinje cell somata, further suggesting a functional difference between p35 and p39. During development, cerebellar p39 was first noted at P10. Primary cultures of a developing cerebellum also showed strong p39 immunoreactivity in Purkinje cell somata and dendrites, but weak p39 immunoreactivity in Purkinje cell axons. Starting from P10, p39 was observed in a subset of Purkinje cells that form parasagittal bands throughout the vermis and hemispheres. These bands were bilaterally symmetrical and continuous from one lobule to another. Conversely, Cdk5 and p35 showed a uniform staining pattern. The pattern of p39 closely resembled that of zebrin II/aldolase C, suggesting that p39 may play a role in the adult cerebellum rather than in pattern development. This premise is consistent with the normal pattern of zebrin II/aldolase C zones and stripes in mutant p39−/− mice. The alternating p39 parasagittal band pattern may reflect a role for p39 or Cdk5/p39 in the functional compartmentation of the cerebellum.

Published
2003

29. STABILITY ANALYSIS OF PARAMETRICALLY EXCITED SYSTEMS USING SPECTRAL COLLOCATION

Author

K.-Y. Lee and A.A. Renshaw

Subjects
Acoustics and Ultrasonics, Series (mathematics), Mechanical Engineering, MathematicsofComputing_NUMERICALANALYSIS, Degrees of freedom (statistics), Stochastic matrix, Condensed Matter Physics, Stability (probability), Mechanics of Materials, Simple (abstract algebra), Orthogonal collocation, MATLAB, computer, Algorithm, Order of magnitude, computer.programming_language, Mathematics
Abstract

The spectral collocation method is used to determine the stability of parametrically excited systems and compared with the traditional transition matrix approach. Results from a series of test problems demonstrate that spectral collocation converges rapidly. In addition, the spectral collocation method preserves the sparsity of the underlying system matrices, a property not shared by the transition matrix approach. As a result, spectral collocation can be used for very large systems and can utilize sparse eigensolvers to reduce computational memory and time. For the large-scale system studied (up to 40 degrees of freedom), the spectral collocation method was on average an order of magnitude faster than the transition matrix approach using Matlab. This computational advantage is implementation specific; in a C implementation of the algorithm, the transition matrix method is faster than the spectral collocation. Overall, the method proves to be simple, efficient, reliable, and generally competitive with the transition matrix method.

Published
2002

30. Study of electron field emission and structural properties of nanostructured carbon thin films deposited by hot-filament-assisted reactive sputtering using methane gas

Author

Shigeharu Ohkura, Keiichi Fujimoto, K. Y. Lee, Shin-ichi Honda, Takashi Hirao, Mitsuhiro Katayama, and Kenjiro Oura

Subjects
Materials science, Scanning electron microscope, Analytical chemistry, chemistry.chemical_element, Sputter deposition, Tungsten, Condensed Matter Physics, Surfaces, Coatings and Films, Field electron emission, Carbon film, chemistry, Sputtering, Thin film, Instrumentation, Carbon
Abstract

The electron field emission properties of the nanostructured carbon films were investigated. The films were deposited using an RF magnetron sputtering system with a hot filament. The target was a pure carbon disc and CH 4 gas was introduced into the chamber to create plasma by applying an RF power of 100 W at a relatively low pressure of 5×10 −2 Torr. The hot filament was made of tungsten wire, which was spiral-shaped and placed between the substrate and graphite target. The tungsten filament temperature was up to 2000°C during the deposition. Silicon, porous silicon (PS), and Pd-deposited PS (Pd/PS) were used as substrates on which the carbon films were formed at the temperature of 700°C. The characterizations of the films were investigated by scanning electron microscopy. Electron field emission of the films were characterized and an emission current density reached about 3.58×10 −3 A/cm 2 at an electric field of 15 V/μm for the carbon film deposited on Pd/PS substrate.

Published
2002

31. Magnetic resonance studies of defects in GaN with reduced dislocation densities

Author

Jaime A. Freitas, K. Y. Lee, Tadeusz Suski, Izabella Grzegory, Daniel D. Koleske, Richard J. Molnar, Sung-soo Park, G. C. B. Braga, Michał Leszczyński, R. L. Henry, W. E. Carlos, S. Porowski, Mark E. Twigg, Evan R. Glaser, and Alma Wickenden

Subjects
Photoluminescence, Materials science, Dopant, Analytical chemistry, Condensed Matter Physics, Acceptor, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, law.invention, Nuclear magnetic resonance, law, Hall effect, Metalorganic vapour phase epitaxy, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Dislocation, Electron paramagnetic resonance, Hyperfine structure
Abstract

Magnetic resonance experiments, including optically detected magnetic resonance (ODMR) and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR), have been performed on Si-doped homoepitaxial GaN layers grown by MOCVD and on high quality, free-standing (∼200 μm-thick) GaN grown by HVPE. This allowed us to obtain information on the properties of native defects and dopants in GaN with a significantly reduced density of dislocations ( 7 cm −2 ) compared to that typically observed (∼mid 10 8 –10 10 cm −2 ) in conventional heteroepitaxial GaN layers. The high structural and optical quality of the layers was revealed by cross-sectional TEM and detailed low-temperature photoluminescence (PL) studies, respectively. ODMR at 24 GHz on strong shallow donor–shallow acceptor recombination from the Si-doped homoepitaxial layer reveals evidence for Si or C shallow acceptors on the N sites. EPR of the new free-standing HVPE GaN confirms the low concentration of residual donors (∼10 16 cm −3 ) as determined by Hall effect measurements. In addition, new deep centers are found from ODMR on the 2.4 eV “green” PL band and on the broad emission less than 1.8 eV from the HVPE GaN template. However, contrary to expectations, the reduction of random strain fields (associated with dislocations) has not led to significant changes in the character of the magnetic resonance (such as resolved electron-nuclear hyperfine structure) compared to that typically found for heteroepitaxial GaN layers.

Published
2001

32. Hall mobility and carrier concentration in free-standing high quality GaN templates grown by hydride vapor phase epitaxy

Author

Kong-Thon Tsen, Daming Huang, D. F. Wang, Cagliyan Kurdak, L. A. Farina, Michael A. Reshchikov, Daniel L. Rode, Sang-Yong Park, Feng Yun, K. Y. Lee, and Hadis Morkoç

Subjects
Electron mobility, Chemistry, business.industry, Analytical chemistry, Activation energy, Electron, Condensed Matter Physics, Epitaxy, Acceptor, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, Semiconductor, Impurity, Materials Chemistry, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, business, Ground state
Abstract

Measured and calculated (without any adjustable material parameter) electron Hall mobility and carrier concentration in the range of 26.5–273 K are reported for a high-mobility free-standing bulk GaN grown by hydride vapor phase epitaxy. The peak electron mobility of 7386 cm 2 /V s at 48 K and a value of 1425 cm 2 /V s at 273 K were measured. An iterative solution of the Boltzmann equation was applied to calculate the mobility using the materials parameters either measured on the sample under study or recent values that are just becoming available with only the acceptor concentration being variable. Using only one donor and one conducting layer system, the donor and acceptor concentrations of 1.76×10 16 and 2.4×10 15 cm −3 , respectively, satisfy simultaneously the charge neutrality and electron mobility at all temperatures within the framework of the iterative method and measurements. The donor activation energy was determined to be 25.2 meV and is consistent with the value of about 30 meV for the hydrogenic ground state in a dilute semiconductor. The high electron mobility, low background impurity concentration, low compensation ratio, and negligible dislocation scattering demonstrate the high quality of the material studied.

Published
2001

33. Haze formation in China: Importance of secondary aerosol

Author

Alex K. Y. Lee

Subjects
Aerosols, Air Pollutants, China, Fossil Fuels, Environmental Engineering, Haze, General Medicine, Atmospheric sciences, Aerosol, Air Pollution, Humans, Environmental Chemistry, Environmental science, Particulate Matter, Environmental Monitoring, General Environmental Science
Published
2015

34. Phenomenological implications of the topflavour model

Author

K. Y. Lee, Jae Kwan Kim, and Jong Chul Lee

Subjects
Physics, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Particle physics, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph), High Energy Physics::Phenomenology, FOS: Physical sciences, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Parity (physics), Model parameters, Physics::Atomic Physics
Abstract

We explore phenomenologies of the topflavour model for the LEP experiment at $m_{_Z}$ scale and the atomic parity violation (APV) experiment in the $C_s$ atoms at low energies. Implications of the model on the $Z$ peak data are studied in terms of the precision variables $\epsilon_i$'s. We find that the LEP data give more stringent constraints on the model parameters than the APV data., Comment: 23 pages (including 5 .eps figs), ReVTeX, the 1st revised version, to appear in Phys. Lett. B

Published
1998

35. Asymmetric azo-ene reactions using the chiral azo-enophile di-(−)-(1R,2S)-2-phenyl-1-cyclohexyl diazenedicarboxylate

Author

Connie K. Y. Lee and Margaret A. Brimble

Subjects
chemistry.chemical_classification, Alkene, Organic Chemistry, Quinoline, Cyclohexene, Medicinal chemistry, Catalysis, Adduct, Inorganic Chemistry, chemistry.chemical_compound, chemistry, Pyridine, Cyclopentene, Organic chemistry, Lewis acids and bases, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Ene reaction
Abstract

The preparation of di-(−)-(1 R ,2 S )-2-phenyl-1-cyclohexyl diazenedicarboxylate 4 is described. Reaction of (1 R ,2 S )-2-phenyl-1-cyclohexanol 1 with excess phosgene in the presence of quinoline afforded chloroformate 2 which was treated directly with hydrazine monohydrate (0.5 equiv.) to afford di-(−)-(1 R ,2 S )-2-phenyl-1-cyclohexyl diazanedicarboxylate 3 . Oxidization of 3 to the azo-enophile 4 was then readily effected in high yield using N -bromosuccinimide and pyridine. The azo-ene reactions of 4 with the alkenes cyclohexene 5 , cyclopentene 6 , trans -3-hexene 7 and trans -4-octene 8 were carried out using the Lewis acid tin(IV) chloride. Use of cyclohexene 5 afforded the ene adduct 9 in 80% yield with a diastereomeric excess of >97:3 whilst the use of cyclopentene 6 , trans -3-hexene 7 and trans -4-octene 8 afforded the ene adducts 10 (77%), 11 (71%) and 12 (92%) with a diastereomeric excess of 86:14 in each case. Use of the conjugated aromatic acyclic alkene 13 afforded the product of an ionic addition, namely, chloride 14 in 57% yield. Cleavage of the N–N bond of the ene adduct 9 was effected using lithium in liquid ammonia affording the carbamate 16 in moderate yield.

Published
1998

37. Electromigration in 0.25 μm wide Cu line on W

Author

K. Y. Lee, Lynne Gignac, C.-K. Hu, and R Carruthers

Subjects
Materials science, Metals and Alloys, Analytical chemistry, Surfaces and Interfaces, Activation energy, Microstructure, Electromigration, Cathode, Surfaces, Coatings and Films, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, Anode, law.invention, law, Transmission electron microscopy, Materials Chemistry, Crystallite, Hillock
Abstract

Electromigration in isolated 0.25–1. 0 μ m wide pure Cu fine lines has been investigated using both resistance and edge displacement techniques in the sample temperatures range 221–394°C. The Cu lines, sandwiched with a top and bottom Ta layer, were 200 μ m long and were connected to underlying W bars on each end of the Cu line. Transmission electron microscopy revealed that the microstructures of the 1 and 0.25 μ m wide lines were polycrystalline and bamboo-like grain structures, respectively. During electromigration, voids formed at the cathode end while hillocks grew at the anode end. The failure lifetimes were correlated to the sizes of voids formed in the vicinity of the cathode end of the line, and a distribution of multiple failure modes was found. A low value of electromigration activation energy, 0.81±0.05 eV, and a linear relationship between failure lifetime and metal linewidth were found, despite the fact that these narrow lines were close to a perfect bamboo-like grained structure. These results suggest that the mass transport of Cu during electromigration primarily occurs along the sidewall surfaces of the lines.

Published
1997

38. The thermodynamics of hydrogen absorption/desorption by Pd–Co alloys

Author

S. Luo, Ted B. Flanagan, K.-Y. Lee, and Da Wang

Subjects
Hydrogen, Chemistry, Hydride, Annealing (metallurgy), Mechanical Engineering, Metals and Alloys, Thermodynamics, chemistry.chemical_element, Cell size, Reaction calorimeter, Mechanics of Materials, Desorption, Materials Chemistry, Physical chemistry, Hydrogen absorption, Solid solution
Abstract

The thermodynamics of Pd–Co–H(D) systems have been investigated using H 2 (D 2 ) pressure–composition isotherms and reaction calorimetry. The enthalpies for hydrogen solution and hydride formation decrease in magnitude with increase of X Co and, because of this, the hydrogen pressures at a given value of H / M increase with X Co . This behavior is consistent with the decrease of the unit cell size with increase of X Co for these random solid solution fcc Pd–Co alloys. Repeated hydride formation and decomposition at ambient temperature without intermediate annealing treatments, causes the plateau pressures to converge thereby decreasing the extent of hysteresis.

Published
1997

39. Measurement of → τ and a new limit for → τ

Author

D. Kiss, V. Brigljevic, Ren-Yuan Zhu, Z. A. Liu, A. Vorvolakos, X. Y. Yao, J. G. Xu, Luciano Barone, S. V. Chekanov, Dimitri Bourilkov, G. F. Susinno, R. T. Van de Walle, Yu. Galaktionov, C. Furetta, Konrad Deiters, J. C. Pinto, P. Spillantini, T. van Rhee, B. Petersen, J. Alcaraz, S. X. Wu, L. J. Gutay, U. Becker, Alberto Aloisio, E. Fiandrini, Gyorgy Vesztergombi, A. Gurtu, V. Commichau, A. Arefiev, Yu. Efremenko, J. M. Le Goff, D. DiBitonto, Francesca Cavallari, J. P. Ernenwein, N. Gheordanescu, G. Carlino, H. Anderhub, W. van Rossum, K. Riles, M. Steuer, B. Hartmann, F. Marzano, G. Coignet, W. Krenz, I. Duran, A. Hasan, K. Banicz, A. Mihul, D. Perret-Gallix, G. Alemanni, J. A. Rubio, P. Molnar, Y. Kamyshkov, H. Vogt, F. J. Eppling, L. W. Jones, P. H. Fisher, S. M. Ting, W. J. Burger, T. Angelescu, R. Leiste, Christoph Paus, M. W. Gruenewald, I. Josa-Mutuberria, Adrian Biland, X. W. Tang, W. W. Kinnison, E. Lieb, P. Lebrun, M. Campanelli, Harvey B Newman, R. Barillère, O. Adrian, J. Casaus, M. Acciarri, G. Forconi, M. N. Kienzle-Focacci, A. M. Cartacci, Guo-Ming Chen, S. Pensotti, Valery Schegelsky, A. C. König, U. Uwer, Antonino Zichichi, Andre Sopczak, A. Chen, D. van Dierendonck, A. Csilling, B. Monteleoni, M. Lebeau, J. Salicio, Jozsef Toth, Z. P. Zhang, G. Sauvage, A. C. Weber, P. Pakhlov, A. Engler, Y. J. Pei, P. A. Piroué, B. Zhou, Davide Piccolo, L. Cifarelli, K. Y. Lee, Joel Goldstein, M. E. Sarakinos, Aleandro Nisati, Maurizio Biasini, Marta Felcini, D. Pandoulas, J. S. Lee, M. Vivargent, H. Rykaczewski, Giovanni Organtini, C. G. Yang, X. D. Cai, G. Mirabelli, S. Müller, Tariq Aziz, Raffaello D'Alessandro, G. Passaleva, D. Kamrad, G. Chiefari, S. Shevchenko, F. Behner, Andrea Baschirotto, Alessandra Doria, Howard A. Stone, P. Zemp, R. de Asmundis, S. Reucroft, Yu. Zalite, I. Dorne, U. K. Chaturvedi, Y. S. Lu, A. Shvorob, E. Valente, R. Mount, D. McNally, A. Favara, Z. Z. Xu, V. Pojidaev, Francesco Becattini, O. Rind, G. M. Bilei, H. K. Park, G. Castellini, Leonardo Merola, L. Tauscher, F. Cesaroni, M. Chamizo, M. Capell, H. S. Fesefeldt, E. Pistolesi, Attilio Santocchia, Marco Pieri, Jean Fay, K. Lübelsmeyer, J. H. Field, C. Y. Chien, G. Viertel, T. Azemoon, P. Ladron de Guevara, Z. F. Gong, A. Gougas, P. Rosselet, Hans J. Vogel, J.V. Allaby, S. Patricelli, N. Scholz, Roberto Battiston, Pierluigi Paolucci, A. Kirkby, R. Bock, D. Sciarrino, Gobinda Majumder, A. Buffini, S. Morganti, Dai-Sik Kim, B. Stoyanov, J. Schwenke, Aaron Dominguez, Felicitas Pauss, D. Hatzifotiadou, Y. Uchida, J. Rodin, D. O. Prokofiev, S. R. Hou, M. Wadhwa, H. Opitz, S. Bhattacharya, S. S. Gau, D. J. Schotanus, Nicolas Produit, Gerjan Bobbink, B. Borgia, J. Ulbricht, G. Schwering, S. Schmidt-Kaerst, Crisostomo Sciacca, H. El Mamouni, Y. Karyotakis, W. Kittel, S. Costantini, D. Boutigny, L. Fredj, W. G. Ma, P. Le Coultre, E. Drago, M. Basile, M. Schneegans, Marcos Cerrada, Bryan R. Smith, L. Baksay, F. Cotorobai, F. Di Lodovico, A. Lebedev, Dong-Chul Son, S. P. Ahlen, Jasper Kirkby, Michael Dittmar, H. F. Chen, M. P. Sanders, B. L. Betev, P. Bartalini, E. Nagy, K. Sudhakar, F. J. Rodriguez, J. J. Blaising, Stefano Giagu, M. Sassowsky, P. G. Rancoita, S. Wynhoff, C-Q. Li, I. Clare, V. K. Gupta, A. J.W. van Mil, Y. Mi, D. Duchesneau, A. Buijs, M. von der Mey, Marcella Diemoz, M. Rescigno, Vincenzo Innocente, L. Z. Sun, G. Gratta, D. Mangeol, B. N. Jin, Oleg Fedin, J. K. Kim, H. Nowak, D. Luckey, J. B. Ye, M. Fabre, An.A. Vorobyov, J. D. Swain, S. Ro, S. Easo, B. De La Cruz, C. Lapoint, G. Hu, I. Vetlitsky, F. DeNotaristefani, D. Peach, A. Chan, Kati Lassila-Perini, A. Straessner, V. Plyaskin, G. Ambrosi, W. Wallraff, Lucas Taylor, Luca Lista, D. Fernandez, Speranza Falciano, Roger Moore, Juven Wang, A. Kunin, S. Banerjee, M. G. Alviggi, Georgi Sultanov, Zp Zhang, Fl Linde, Hafeez R Hoorani, T. S. Dai, R. A. Khan, M. T. Dova, A. Böhm, D. Antreasyan, Sabine Riemann, J. M. You, H. O. Cohn, H. Janssen, W. J. Metzger, S. Goldfarb, Samuel C.C. Ting, P. Duinker, I. Korolko, Simonetta Gentile, V. P. Andreev, Lamberto Luminari, A. Klimentov, M. Caria, Manas Maity, Z. M. Wang, K. Jenkes, Kenneth Francis Read, J. Busenitz, M. Chemarin, N. Cavallo, S. Rosier-Lees, G. M. Chen, V. Koutsenko, F. Wittgenstein, R. C. Ball, P. Berges, Steve Nahn, Marco Meschini, Peter Denes, Pierre Lecomte, R. Ostonen, A. Marin, Paolo Bagnaia, A. Nippe, S. C. Blyth, Werner Lustermann, Behcet Alpat, D.W. Schmitz, G. Pascale, P. de Jong, N. Shivarov, Claudio Luci, D. Kirkby, Robert Clare, Alexander Malinin, A. Boucham, C. Dionisi, Pablo Garcia-Abia, Alain Hervé, Thomas Hebbeker, Paul Lecoq, R. W. Kraemer, M. Napolitano, A. Bay, S. Petrak, Carlo Civinini, G. Raven, H. S. Chen, M. Aguilar-Benitez, L. Servoli, Herwig Schopper, H. Postema, G. Landi, Simone Paoletti, Suchandra Dutta, Christopher George Tully, A. J.M. Muijs, Manjit Kaur, Wolfgang Lohmann, P. Laurikainen, B. Bertucci, S. C. Kim, L. Malgeri, An. Zalite, F. Anselmo, Nicanor Colino, W. Lu, Federico Cindolo, S. Mangla, S. C. Tonwar, W. C. van Hoek, Frank Filthaut, G. Cara Romeo, B. P. Roe, Thomas Ferguson, C. Cecchi, Subir Sarkar, B. Fenyi, M. Pohl, Y. Zhou, A. Kasser, T. Paul, T. Moulik, D. P. Stickland, F. Ziegler, J. G. Branson, S. N. Ganguli, M. T. Choi, Francesca Nessi-Tedaldi, A. Degré, M. Rattaggi, J. D. Burger, T. Siedenburg, G. Rahal-Callot, H. Suter, Sc Yeh, L. Romero, Wt Lin, M. Bourquin, K. Strauch, Joachim Mnich, A. Robohm, Egidio Longo, H. Tuchscherer, F. Muheim, V. Soulimov, P. Extermann, Salvatore Mele, Christoph Schäfer, B. Z. Yang, H. Hofer, K. L. Tung, Mingshui Chen, J. Gerald, R. Faccini, X. L. Wang, G. G.G. Massaro, M. Pauluzzi, D. Ren, J. Shukla, A. P. Colijn, F. C. Erné, C. Leggett, S. Roth, P. Schmitz, A. Pevsner, K. Freudenreich, J. P. Martin, G. Y. Zhu, E. Shumilov, V. Shoutko, J. C. Sens, R. Völkert, M. Tonutti, Igor Vorobiev, C. Maña, I. C. Brock, P. Levtchenko, Panos A Razis, E. Leonard, J. Berdugo, E. J. Sanchez, Y. G. Kim, Y. H. Chang, George Alverson, J. S. Kapustinsky, T. Niessen, F. Ferroni, Y. Zeng, and P. Marchesini

Subjects
Nuclear physics, Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Meson, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Branching fraction, Electron–positron annihilation, 0103 physical sciences, Analytical chemistry, Invariant mass, 010306 general physics, 01 natural sciences
Abstract

Using a data sample of 1 475 000 Z → qq(γ) events collected during 1994 with the L3 detector at LEP, we have studied the purely leptonic decays of heavy flavour mesons, D s − → τ − ν τ and B − → τ − ν τ . A signal is observed in the invariant mass distribution M(γD s − ) corresponding to the decay sequence D ∗− → γD s − , D s − → τ − ν τ , τ − → l − ν l ν τ . The branching fraction for D s − → τ − ν τ decays is measured to be β (D s − → τ − ν τ ) = 0.074 ± 0.028(stat) ± 0.016(syst) ± 0.018(norm) . No signal of B − → τ − ν τ decays is observed in the data, corresponding to an upper limit on the branching franction β( B − → τ − ν τ ) −4 at 90% CL.

Published
1997

40. Observation of multiple hard photon final states at GeV at LEP

Author

M. Campanelli, D. Antreasyan, Sc Yeh, L. Romero, Marcella Diemoz, P. G. Rancoita, Wt Lin, B. Schoeneich, P. Kapinos, Samuel C.C. Ting, H. Kuijten, A. Lebedev, Dong-Chul Son, T. Kramer, B. N. Jin, H. Nowak, P. Duinker, I. Korolko, Simonetta Gentile, P. Rosselet, Z. P. Zhang, R. Barillère, A. C. Weber, Ren-Yuan Zhu, Luciano Barone, J. J. Blaising, Aaron Dominguez, M. N. Kienzle-Focacci, A. Klimentov, S. Mele, Kajari Mazumdar, Stefano Giagu, C. Lapoint, Felicitas Pauss, M. Bourquin, A. Straessner, Luca Lista, D. Fernandez, Juven Wang, Sabine Riemann, C-Q. Li, T. van Rhee, P. Extermann, Christoph Schäfer, B. Z. Yang, H. Hofer, K. L. Tung, H. Janssen, Kenneth Francis Read, Alessandra Doria, S. Müller, E. Valente, K. Strauch, Mariagrazia Alviggi, W. Wallraff, W. G. Ma, M. Basile, J. Gerald, Dai-Sik Kim, V. K. Gupta, R. Faccini, G. Mirabelli, D. McNally, X. L. Wang, G. G.G. Massaro, S. Banerjee, A. Gurtu, V. Commichau, M. Lebeau, A. Tsaregorodtsev, K. Y. Lee, I. Vetlitsky, M. Pauluzzi, Xd Cai, K. Hangarter, Joachim Mnich, G. Viertel, Y. J. Pei, W. van Rossum, G.M. Chan, S. C. Blyth, Adrian Biland, Z. A. Liu, A. Vorvolakos, X. Y. Yao, Hans J. Vogel, S. Morganti, J. K. Kim, D. Luckey, J. G. Xu, Reinhard W. Schulte, Marco Meschini, Tariq Aziz, J. Schwenke, G. M. Bilei, S. Ro, F. DeNotaristefani, M. Lenti, K. Lübelsmeyer, S. Costantini, R. Leiste, Christoph Paus, B. L. Betev, D. Ren, A. Robohm, Gianpaolo Carlino, B. Hartmann, A. Hasan, Y. Kamyshkov, Gobinda Majumder, A. Engler, J. Shukla, P. Marchesini, N. Gheordanescu, V. Brigljevic, B. De La Cruz, G. Hu, Giovanni Ambrosi, N. Scholz, J. M. You, A. Macchiolo, Manas Maity, S. Petrak, Lamberto Luminari, A. M. Cartacci, R. Raghavan, A. C. König, Andre Sopczak, Joel Goldstein, A. Favara, Z. Z. Xu, V. Pojidaev, M. Capell, J.V. Allaby, Vincenzo Innocente, Yu. Galaktionov, S. P. Ahlen, S. Patricelli, A. Boucham, W. Kittel, M. Caria, H. S. Fesefeldt, E. Pistolesi, A. P. Colijn, D.W. Schmitz, G. Pascale, N. Shivarov, Claudio Luci, Crisostomo Sciacca, J. A. Rubio, E. Nagy, F. Cesaroni, Marco Pieri, S. R. Hou, M. Wadhwa, D. J. Schotanus, M. Chamizo, J. Alcaraz, B. Monteleoni, F. Sticozzi, P. Berges, Steve Nahn, Roberto Castello, F. Muheim, Igor Vorobiev, M. Sassowsky, A. J.W. van Mil, J. Rodin, C. Dionisi, P. Levtchenko, S.X. Wu, Robert Clare, Alain Hervé, F. DiLodovico, P. Bartalini, Thomas Hebbeker, Paul Lecoq, R. W. Kraemer, A. Nippe, R. T. Van de Walle, Panos A Razis, A. Koulbardis, Konrad Deiters, R. C. Ball, J. S. Lee, Pierre Lecomte, Christopher George Tully, Alexander Malinin, L. Fredj, S. Easo, J. P. Ernenwein, Kati Lassila-Perini, M. Fabre, P. Lebrun, M. Napolitano, P. LeCoultre, Emilio Leonardi, R. Bock, D. Sciarrino, M. T. Choi, Francesca Nessi-Tedaldi, Alberto Aloisio, O. Toker, A. Ricker, Speranza Falciano, F. C. Erné, V. Plyaskin, Werner Lustermann, Behcet Alpat, L. J. Gutay, Howard A. Stone, A. Mihul, G. Alemanni, Y. Karyotakis, P. Schmitz, U. Becker, H. Anderhub, W. J. Burger, M. Vivargent, A. Bay, M. Acciarri, Pierluigi Paolucci, M. Möller, J. Berdugo, V. Koutsenko, D. Duchesneau, H. S. Chen, L. Servoli, L. Baksay, F. Cotorobai, Wolfgang Lohmann, B. Bertucci, S. C. Kim, E. J. Sanchez, H. ElMamouni, A. Buijs, C. Zaccardelli, M. T. Dova, A. Köngeter, F. Tonisch, I. Duran, Roberto Battiston, G. Schwering, W. W. Kinnison, J. D. Burger, T. Siedenburg, G. F. Susinno, H. O. Cohn, H. Vogt, G. Rahal-Callot, U. Uwer, A. Chen, D. van Dierendonck, G. Forconi, J. Salicio, R. Mount, X. W. Tang, Nicola Cavallo, A. Buytenhuijs, An. Zalite, Nicanor Colino, P. A. Piroué, B. Zhou, G. Landi, H. K. Park, Egidio Longo, H. Tuchscherer, Simone Paoletti, Suchandra Dutta, J. Kirby, F. J. Eppling, L. W. Jones, Gerjan Bobbink, B. Borgia, P. H. Fisher, J. Ulbricht, P. de Jong, S. M. Ting, Maurizio Biasini, Carlo Civinini, Raffaello D'Alessandro, Michael Dittmar, Marta Felcini, G. Raven, Francesca Cavallari, S. Roth, I. Dorne, U. K. Chaturvedi, A. Pevsner, K. Freudenreich, Manjit Kaur, G. Chiefari, C. Furetta, J. C. Pinto, K. Schultze, G. Castellini, Francesco Becattini, S. Shevchenko, M. M. Ilyas, S. S. Gau, Leonardo Merola, Z. F. Gong, P. Zemp, J. P. Martin, R. de Asmundis, Y. S. Lu, J. D. Swain, A. Kasser, D. Peach, A. Chan, M.E. Sarakinos, L. Tauscher, G. Y. Zhu, E. Shumilov, F. Behner, Andrea Baschirotto, Roger Moore, M. Aguilar-Benitez, T. Azemoon, I. Clare, Jozsef Toth, Herwig Schopper, D. Pandoulas, M. Rescigno, H. Suter, Y. F. Wang, V. Shoutko, J. C. Sens, B. C. Riemers, J. H. Field, C. Y. Chien, G.C. Romeo, A. Adam, B. Stoyanov, S. Schmidt-Kaerst, A. Böhm, R. Völkert, H. Postema, T. Paul, Marcos Cerrada, H. F. Chen, J. Busenitz, Y. Mi, Georgi Sultanov, P. De Ladron Guevara, Fl Linde, T. S. Dai, Peter Denes, R. A. Khan, M. Tonutti, Y. Zhou, J. G. Branson, S. Wynhoff, B. Lindemann, Paolo Bagnaia, G. Gratta, W. Lu, Davide Piccolo, Dimitri Bourilkov, P. Spillantini, X. Chereau, Federico Cindolo, A. Kunin, V. P. Andreev, S. Mangla, M. Chemarin, L. Z. Sun, H. DeBoeck, S. N. Ganguli, D. P. Stickland, Luisa Cifarelli, S. Reucroft, S. C. Tonwar, E. Fiandrini, Luca Malgeri, W. C. van Hoek, Frank Filthaut, Hafeez R Hoorani, G. M. Chen, A. Kirby, A. Degré, Thomas Ferguson, M. Schneegans, Harvey B Newman, Bryan R. Smith, K. Sudhakar, M. Rattaggi, M. von der Mey, J. B. Ye, W. J. Metzger, D. Kirby, Z. M. Wang, A. Gougas, C. Maña, S. Röhner, B. P. Roe, F. Wittgenstein, L. Ludovici, E. Drago, C. Cecchi, S. Goldfarb, I. C. Brock, Subir Sarkar, A. Bujak, M. Pohl, R. Ostonen, A. Marin, S. Pensotti, Valery Schegelsky, Antonino Zichichi, H. Rykaczewski, Giovanni Organtini, J.M. LeGoff, S. Rosier-Lees, Attilio Santocchia, Jean Fay, Y. G. Kim, Nicolas Produit, Y. H. Chang, George Alverson, J. S. Kapustinsky, F. Ferroni, Y. Zeng, A. Arefiev, Yu. Efremenko, R. R. McNeil, T. Angelescu, E. Lieb, E. Brambilla, J. Casaus, K. Riles, F. Marzano, G. Coignet, W. Krenz, C. G. Yang, D. DiBitonto, M. Steuer, F. J. Rodriguez, K. Banicz, An.A. Vorobyov, O. Adriani, Lucas Taylor, D. Perret-Gallix, G. Passaleva, M. W. Gruenewald, and I. Josa-Mutuberria

Subjects
Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Range (particle radiation), Particle physics, Luminosity (scattering theory), Photon, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Electron–positron annihilation, Scalar (mathematics), 01 natural sciences, Nuclear physics, Angular distribution, 0103 physical sciences, High Energy Physics::Experiment, 010306 general physics, Event (particle physics)
Abstract

We have studied the process e+e− → nγ (n ≥ 2) at an average center-of-mass energy of 133 GeV using the L3 detector at LEP. For an integrated luminosity of 4.95 pb−1 we find one γγγγ(γ) final state with only hard photons. The rates of both γγγ and γγ events are consistent with QED expectations. The cross section of the reaction e+e− → γγ(γ) in the polar range 16° < θγ < 164° is measured to be 22.6 ± 2.2 pb. Decays into photons of narrow scalar resonances with masses between 90 and 130 GeV are not observed. The observation of the event with four energetic photons is consistent with QED although the kinematic configuration of the photons is atypical.

Published
1996

41. The parton model approach to inclusive B meson decays

Author

K. Y. Lee and Jae Kwan Kim

Subjects
Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Particle physics, Bar (music), High Energy Physics::Lattice, High Energy Physics::Phenomenology, FOS: Physical sciences, Parton, Function (mathematics), Extension (predicate logic), High Energy Physics - Phenomenology, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph), Distribution function, Fragmentation function, High Energy Physics::Experiment, B meson
Abstract

We test the parton model approach to inclusive $B \ra \gamma X_s$ and $B \ra e \bar{\nu} X_u$ processes by calculating a few moments of the distribution function. The $1/m_Q$ expansion of $b$-quark distribution function is discussed. We show that Peterson's fragmentation function is useful as the distribution function of $b$-quark but requires some improvements. By extension of Peterson's arguments, we obtain the refined form for the distribution function and with the refined function, we obtain the consistent results with the HQET., Comment: 13 pages, 3 figures and 1 tables; tarred, gzipped and uuencoded file icluding text, table and figures; to appear in Physics Letter B

Published
1996

42. Study of the structure of hadronic events and determination of αS at

Author

Pablo Garcia-Abia, Alain Hervé, Roberto Battiston, P. Marchesini, A. Bay, V. Brigljevic, Gerjan Bobbink, B. Borgia, Carlo Civinini, J. Ulbricht, G. Forconi, Gerard Fernandez, M. Maolinbay, G. Raven, A. Marin, S. Pensotti, B. De La Cruz, Raffaello D'Alessandro, M. Rescigno, M. Aguilar-Benitez, Igor Vorobiev, G. Hu, P. Levtchenko, H. Postema, Leonardo Merola, Panos A Razis, R. T. Van de Walle, I. Clare, H. De Boeck, L. Tauscher, Y. J. Pei, Carlos Willmott, T. Azemoon, B. Lindemann, Speranza Falciano, E. Dénes, P. Pistolesi, O. Toker, T. Paul, S. Costantini, T. Siedenburg, Marcos Cerrada, Y. G. Kim, Peter H. Fisher, Roberto Castello, S. Reucroft, A. Kasser, Y. Zhou, G. Gratta, Y. Karyotakis, Y. Mi, Peter Denes, O. Rind, D.W. Schmitz, G. Pascale, Y. H. Chang, N. Shivarov, Claudio Luci, Robert Clare, A. Arefiev, R. R. McNeil, J. Berdugo, L. Z. Sun, George Alverson, Marco Pieri, E. J. Sanchez, Tariq Aziz, M. Möller, J. S. Kapustinsky, W. G. Ma, Thomas Hebbeker, I. Dorne, M. Redaelli, G. Landi, Paul Lecoq, R. W. Kraemer, M. Napolitano, S. Petrak, Francesca Cavallari, C. Leggett, H. F. Chen, R. Leiste, E. Valente, Pierluigi Paolucci, M. Gailloud, L. Fredj, U. K. Chaturvedi, D. McNally, Christoph Paus, Lamberto Luminari, Yu. Galaktionov, A. Buytenhuijs, E. Brambilla, Y. S. Lu, C. Burgos, D. Duchesneau, H. S. Chen, T. E. Coan, L. J. Gutay, L. Servoli, J. G. Branson, S. S. Gau, Dimitri Bourilkov, W. Lu, Yuri Efremenko, G. Chiefari, S. Shevchenko, Federico Cindolo, S. Mangla, Valery Schegelsky, Antonino Zichichi, F. Ferroni, V. Pojidaev, M. Schneegans, U. Becker, I. Duran, H. Rykaczewski, Giovanni Organtini, J. H. Field, C. Y. Chien, J. Alcaraz, Y. Zeng, J. P. Ernenwein, S. X. Wu, R. C. Ball, Davide Piccolo, A. Kirkby, F. Behner, Andrea Baschirotto, K. Riles, P. Spillantini, S. N. Ganguli, J. D. Swaint, F. Marzano, B. Stoyanov, Bryan R. Smith, B. Monteleoni, F. Sticozzi, Alessandra Doria, Simone Paoletti, Suchandra Dutta, J. P. Martin, G. Coignet, W. Krenz, G. Y. Zhu, E. Shumilov, A. Lebedev, Dong-Chul Son, T. Kramer, J. J. Blaising, F. J. Eppling, G. J. Zhou, L. W. Jones, Stefano Giagu, Cheng Chen, A. Mihul, P. Extermann, S. Schmidt-Kaerst, Salvatore Mele, F. J. Rodriguez, H. R. Gustafson, M. Lebeau, S. C. Tonwar, S. Röhner, S. M. Ting, J. S. Lee, A. Degré, C. Zaccardelli, Werner Lustermann, R. Barillère, V. Shoutko, K. Sudhakar, W. C. van Hoek, Frank Filthaut, Hans J. Vogel, S. Morganti, J. C. Sens, B. C. Riemers, P. Lecomte, J. Schwenke, Christoph Schäfer, B. Z. Yang, Ren-Yuan Zhu, Luciano Barone, D. Antreasyan, Crisostomo Sciacca, F. Wittgenstein, W. W. Kinnison, S. C. Yeh, M. Rattaggi, L. Ludovici, A. Adam, D. Pandoulas, M. von der Mey, Thomas Ferguson, N. Scholz, J. Y. Zeng, J. B. Ye, Howard A. Stone, M. Wadhwa, D. J. Schotanus, H. Hofer, W. J. Burger, An.A. Vorobyov, A. Gurtu, F. Tonisch, E. Drago, R. Völkert, A. P. Colijn, M. Tonutti, K. L. Tung, Els Koffeman, V. Commichau, E. Fiandrini, L. Romero, L. Malgeri, B. Schoeneich, H. Schopper, S. C. Blyth, R. Ostonen, G. Passaleva, M. W. Gruenewald, Gianpaolo Carlino, Konrad Deiters, I. Josa-Mutuberria, P. Kapinos, Samuel C.C. Ting, J. Rodin, Marco Meschini, B. Hartmann, J. Tóth, Harvey B Newman, D. Kirkby, Michael Dittmar, O. Adriani, G. Cara Romeo, B. P. Roe, A. Hasan, M. Pauluzzi, Attilio Santocchia, Jean Fay, F. C. Erné, C. Cecchi, P. Schmitz, G. M. Bilei, Alberto Aloisio, A. Ricker, I. Vetlitsky, W. van Rossum, Lucas Taylor, J. Gerald, R. Faccini, P. Duinker, Simonetta Gentile, M. Bourquin, D. Boutigny, K. Strauch, Subir Sarkar, M. G. Alviggi, X. L. Wang, G. G.G. Massaro, A. Chen, L. Urbán, Adrian Biland, M. Campanelli, Christopher George Tully, P. Lebrun, M. Vivargent, K. Freudenreich, A. Bujak, M. Pohl, Joachim Mnich, Nicolas Produit, A. Klimentov, T. Angelescu, R. de Jong, H. Janssen, Kenneth Francis Read, Wolfgang Lohmann, J.V. Allaby, E. Lieb, P. Bartalini, D. Ren, Jasper Kirkby, H. Vogt, B. Bertucci, M. Acciarri, Guo-Ming Chen, M. Sassowsky, A. J.W. van Mil, S. Patricelli, S. C. Kim, U. Uwer, J. Casaus, Yu. Kamyshkov, J. Shukla, X. W. Tang, D. DiBitonto, A. Robohm, D. van Dierendonck, Nicanor Colino, J. Salicio, P. A. Piroué, G. Viertel, B. Zhou, P. Laurikainen, A. Chan, A. Engler, Marcella Diemoz, M. T. Choi, M. Steuer, S. Easo, Kati Lassila-Perini, Francesca Nessi-Tedaldi, V. Plyaskin, J. D. Burger, Giovanni Ambrosi, M. Capell, C. G. Yang, B. C.C. van der Zwaan, G. Rahal-Callot, M. T. Dova, A. Köngeter, K. Banicz, H. S. Fesefeldt, P. G. Rancoita, L. Cifarelli, H. O. Cohn, D. Perret-Gallix, Y. F. Wang, R. Weill, F. Muheim, C. Maña, I. C. Brock, Paolo Bagnaia, K. Schultze, H. Suter, B. N. Jin, A. Böhm, H. Nowak, A. C. Weber, A. Buijs, G. Mirabelli, V. Soulimov, W. Wallraff, K. Lübelsmeyer, S. Banerjee, Zp Zhang, A. Pevsner, Egidio Longo, H. Tuchscherer, R. Fabbretti, C. Lapoint, A. Kunin, Roger Moore, Georgi Sultanov, T. S. Dai, R. A. Khan, V. P. Andreev, M. Chemarin, G. M. Chen, Aaron Dominguez, Felicitas Pauss, S. Rosier-Lees, P. Le Coultre, M. Basile, K. Hangarter, J. K. Kim, D. Luckey, Gy L. Bencze, Reinhard W. Schulte, M. M. Ilyas, Hafeez R Hoorani, A. Straessner, Luca Lista, W. J. Metzger, S. Goldfarb, D. Fernandez, Juven Wang, J. T. He, F. L. Linde, Willis Lin, Sabine Riemann, H. El Mamouni, F. Di Lodovico, A. M. Cartacci, R. Raghavan, A. C. König, Laurent Vuilleumier, D. Goujon, Andre Sopczak, Vincenzo Innocente, Joel Goldstein, H. Anderhub, S. P. Ahlen, P. Zemp, R. de Asmundis, A. Favara, Z. A. Liu, Z. Z. Xu, X. Y. Yao, J. G. Xu, M. Lenti, Stefan Roth, Dai-Sik Kim, J. M. Le Goff, N. Gheordanescu, P. G. Seiler, J. A. Rubio, S. R. Hou, F. Cesaroni, M. Chamizo, B. Alpat, Emilio Leonardi, B. L. Betev, R. Bock, L. Baksay, F. Cotorobai, Kajari Mazumdar, S. Müller, Xd Cai, C-Q. Li, V. K. Gupta, S. Ro, F. DeNotaristefani, A. Macchiolo, Manas Maity, J. M. Salicio, P. Berges, Steve Nahn, R. Mount, Nicola Cavallo, H. K. Park, A. Nippe, G. Castellini, Alexander Malinin, Z. F. Gong, H. Kuijten, M. N. Kienzle-Focacci, An. Zalite, A. Tsaregorodtsev, Maurizio Biasini, Marta Felcini, K. Y. Lee, Francesco Becattini, Gobinda Majumder, W. Kittel, E. Gonzalez, E. Nagy, S. Wynhoff, M. Fabre, P. Rosselet, J. M. You, M. Caria, D. P. Stickland, A. Koulbardis, V. Koutsenko, Zheng Wang, Zhenyu Zhang, X. Chereau, M. E. Sarakinos, P. Ladron de Guevara, A. Gougas, G. Schwering, G. F. Susinno, J. C. Pinto, Manjit Kaur, J. Busenitz, A. Boucham, and C. Dionisi

Subjects
Quantum chromodynamics, Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Particle physics, High energy, Luminosity (scattering theory), 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Electron–positron annihilation, High Energy Physics::Phenomenology, Hadron, Structure (category theory), 01 natural sciences, Nuclear physics, 0103 physical sciences, Strong coupling, High Energy Physics::Experiment, 010306 general physics, Event (particle physics)
Abstract

We present a study of the structure of hadronic events recorded by the L3 detector at center-of-mass energies of 130 and 136 GeV. The data sample corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 5 pb-1 collected during the high energy run of 1995. The shapes of the event shape distributions and the energy dependence of their mean values are well reproduced by QCD models. From a comparison of the data with resummed O(alpha_s^2) QCD calculations, we determine the strong coupling constant to be alpha_s(133 GeV) = 0.107 +/- 0.005(exp) +/- 0.006(theor).

Published
1996

43. Study of the KS0KS0 final state in two-photon collisions

Author

Roberto Battiston, S. X. Wu, Gerjan Bobbink, D. DiBitonto, Ph. Rosselet, M. Steuer, B. Borgia, J. Ulbricht, K. Banicz, D. Perret-Gallix, P. Lebrun, Samuel C.C. Ting, J. Y. Zeng, B. De La Cruz, Jasper Kirkby, M. Sassowsky, A. J.W. van Mil, H. De Boeck, G. Passaleva, M. W. Gruenewald, F. J. Rodriguez, H. R. Gustafson, A. Lebedev, Dong-Chul Son, T. Kramer, I. Josa-Mutuberria, J. J. Blaising, Yu. Galaktionov, J. Rodin, A. Arefiev, Yu. Efremenko, Alessandra Doria, R. Malik, Aa Vorobyov, E. Brambilla, Stefano Giagu, K. Riles, F. Marzano, G. Coignet, W. Krenz, D. Pandoulas, F. Di Lodovico, M. Acciarri, S. Pensotti, Valery Schegelsky, Antonino Zichichi, H. Rykaczewski, Giovanni Organtini, G. Hu, J. Alcaraz, Guo-Ming Chen, F. L. Linde, A. Nippe, An.A. Vorobyov, P. Vikas, F. Cesaroni, U. Uwer, A. Chen, I. Clare, D. van Dierendonck, J. Salicio, G. Tsipolitis, M. Chamizo, S. Easo, Kati Lassila-Perini, Y. H. Chang, Mariagrazia Alviggi, Alexander Malinin, J. P. Ernenwein, V. Plyaskin, T. Spickermann, George Alverson, A. Kasser, Michael Dittmar, Aaron Dominguez, G. Schwering, Felicitas Pauss, M. Schneegans, D. Goujon, J. S. Kapustinsky, O. Adriani, Carlos Willmott, Egidio Longo, H. Tuchscherer, Cheng Chen, A. Mihul, Lucas Taylor, P.V.K.S. Baba, H. Kuijten, I. Vetlitsky, S. Rosier-Lees, Vincenzo Innocente, B. Alpat, Bryan R. Smith, T. E. Coan, Emilio Leonardi, G. F. Susinno, Speranza Falciano, P. Le Coultre, M. Basile, I. Dorne, M. Redaelli, J.V. Allaby, M. T. Dova, Mingshui Chen, H. O. Cohn, W. van Rossum, J. Gerald, R. Faccini, W. J. Burger, N. Scholz, C. Zaccardelli, W. W. Kinnison, Attilio Santocchia, Jean Fay, M. N. Kienzle-Focacci, T. Angelescu, M. M. Ilyas, S. Patricelli, R. Bock, D. Boutigny, Peter Denes, X. L. Wang, S. Braccini, U. K. Chaturvedi, Davide Piccolo, Y. S. Lu, S. N. Ganguli, E. Lieb, F. Ferroni, R. Leiste, J. C. Pinto, Christoph Paus, Y. Zeng, X. T. Cui, Adrian Biland, G. G.G. Massaro, M. Pauluzzi, Zhuoxiang Ren, S. R. Hou, M. Wadhwa, J. Busenitz, J. D. Swain, Marcella Diemoz, J. Casaus, Q. Ye, Yu. Kamyshkov, Y. J. Pei, J. K. Kim, L. Baksay, A. Chan, Nicolas Produit, F. Cotorobai, S. Röhner, A. Degré, D. J. Schotanus, J. H. Field, C. Y. Chien, J. B. Ye, P. Laurikainen, M. A. Niaz, A. Kirkby, D. Luckey, Gy L. Bencze, B. Stoyanov, H. El Mamouni, K. Sudhakar, F. Wittgenstein, A. Tsaregorodtsey, S. Reucroft, Marco Meschini, D. Antreasyan, Gian Mario Bilei, V. Soulimov, Qi An, Reinhard W. Schulte, D. Kirkby, M. Lebeau, M. Rattaggi, Ren-Yuan Zhu, Luciano Barone, L. Fredj, J. M. You, B. Monteleoni, F. Sticozzi, C. G. Yang, H. Anderhub, Y. F. Wang, P. Extermann, Christoph Schäfer, B. Z. Yang, H. Hofer, Raffaello D'Alessandro, A. Engler, L. Ludovici, H. A. Rizvi, Roger Moore, B. Schoeneich, Minkyoo Choi, A. Gurtu, Els Koffeman, Helmut Vogel, P. Kapinos, P. Duinker, M. Caria, V. Commichau, A. Kunin, Georgi Sultanov, E. Drago, T. S. Dai, D. Ren, M. Capell, R. Morand, G. Forconi, G. A. Yang, Gerard Fernandez, K. Y. Lee, Leonardo Merola, H. S. Fesefeldt, P. Marchesini, J. Shukla, A. M. Cartacci, R. A. Khan, Simonetta Gentile, Paolo Bagnaia, R. Raghavan, Hafeez R Hoorani, Christopher George Tully, Ming Zeng, V. Brigljevic, B. Hartmann, A. Klimentov, A. Hasan, A. Koulbardis, A. Böhm, Howard A. Stone, R. Ostonen, E. Pistolesi, F. Tonisch, S. Mele, F. C. Erné, P. Schmitz, R. Weill, F. Muheim, Jozsef Toth, L. Tauscher, Kajari Mazumdar, A. Marin, M. Röhner, H. Janssen, V. P. Andreev, T. Azemoon, Kenneth Francis Read, Wolfgang Lohmann, H. Vogt, N. Yunus, M. Chemarin, S. Khokhar, S. Müller, B. Bertucci, S. C. Kim, G. Landi, A. C. Weber, G. M. Chen, Pierluigi Paolucci, M. Gailloud, T. Paul, Marcos Cerrada, Nicanor Colino, G. Gratta, Peter H. Fisher, Roberto Castello, Simone Paoletti, Suchandra Dutta, Xd Cai, Y. Mi, R. T. Van de Walle, W. Lu, Luisa Cifarelli, Z. A. Liu, J. M. Salicio, U. Vikas, A. P. Colijn, A. C. König, Laurent Vuilleumier, K. Freudenreich, W. J. Metzger, S. Goldfarb, V. Koutsenko, S. P. Ahlen, J. F. Zhou, Manjit Kaur, M. Rescigno, G. Mirabelli, P. de Jong, Federico Cindolo, S. Mangla, X. Y. Yao, L. J. Gutay, U. Becker, J. G. Xu, R. Mount, Francesca Cavallari, C. Leggett, M. Guanziroli, K. Lübelsmeyer, Piero Spillantini, Jongmin Lee, M. Lenti, P. Zemp, Stefan Roth, R. de Asmundis, J. T. He, Joel Goldstein, O. Rind, Nicola Cavallo, I. Duran, C. Maña, I. C. Brock, L. Urbán, E. Valente, J. M. Le Goff, Giovanni Ambrosi, W. C. van Hoek, Frank Filthaut, S. S. Gau, A. Favara, Z. Z. Xu, An. Zalite, J. P. Martin, N. Gheordanescu, F. J. Eppling, G. J. Zhou, L. W. Jones, B. Lindemann, Lamberto Luminari, D. McNally, S. M. Ting, P. G. Seiler, J. A. Rubio, R. Timellini, Luciano Romero, Thomas Ferguson, A. Buijs, V. Pojidaev, G. Castellini, Yongsun Kim, G. Y. Zhu, E. Shumilov, E. Dénes, R. Sehgal, D. Duchesneau, G. Viertel, Chenjie Gu, G. Cara Romeo, B. P. Roe, David Stickland, R. Fabbretti, C. Lapoint, C. Cecchi, Z. F. Gong, V. Shoutko, J. C. Sens, B. C. Riemers, R. C. Ball, Pierre Lecomte, G. Sartorelli, M. Möller, C-Q. Li, V. K. Gupta, D.W. Schmitz, G. Pascale, S. Morganti, A. Pevsner, N. Shivarov, Claudio Luci, Subir Sarkar, A. Adam, Werner Lustermann, J. Schwenke, H. F. Chen, X. Y. Cui, Pierre Piroué, L. Z. Sun, P. G. Rancoita, S. Costantini, Robert Clare, W. G. Ma, Luca Lista, D. Fernandez, W. Kittel, R. Völkert, James G Branson, Juven Wang, Yanwen Liu, M. Tonutti, A. Buytenhuijs, B. N. Jin, C. Burgos, Thomas Hebbeker, Paul Lecoq, R. W. Kraemer, A. Bujak, Oliver Kornadt, M. Pohl, M. Napolitano, S. Petrak, H. Nowak, Willis Lin, Igor Vorobiev, P. Levtchenko, S. Ro, Sabine Riemann, Panos A Razis, E. Nagy, G. Chiefari, S. Shevchenko, L. Servoli, Dai-Sik Kim, M. Fabre, F. Behner, Andrea Baschirotto, W. Wallraff, A. Boucham, C. Dionisi, O. Toker, Pablo Garcia-Abia, S. Banerjee, Zp Zhang, R. Bizzarri, Gianpaolo Carlino, F. DeNotaristefani, B. L. Betev, Alain Hervé, Tariq Aziz, Y. Karyotakis, J. Berdugo, A. Bay, E. J. Sanchez, Carlo Civinini, M. Maolinbay, G. Raven, Crisostomo Sciacca, Marco Pieri, M. Aguilar-Benitez, Zheng Wang, Zhenyu Zhang, Herwig Schopper, H. Postema, Konrad Deiters, Alberto Aloisio, A. Ricker, M. E. Sarakinos, X. W. Tang, P. Ladron de Guevara, Andre Sopczak, A. Macchiolo, B. Zhou, K. N. Qureshi, B. C.C. van der Zwaan, A. Gougas, Manas Maity, Sc Yeh, P. Berges, Steve Nahn, M. Vivargent, M. Bourquin, K. Strauch, Maurizio Biasini, Marta Felcini, Joachim Mnich, P. Bartalini, A. Robohm, Suresh C Tonwar, Francesco Becattini, Francesca Nessi-Tedaldi, J. D. Burger, G. Rahal-Callot, K. Schultze, E. Gonzalez, H. Suter, Y. Zhou, Y. Mir, C. H. Ye, Dimitri Bourilkov, N. E. Moulai, E. Fiandrini, Luca Malgeri, H. S. Chen, G. Sauvage, Harvey B Newman, K. Hilgers, S. Wynhoff, R. Barillère, Flores, Sylvie, Laboratoire d'Annecy de Physique des Particules (LAPP), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Physique Nucléaire de Lyon (IPNL), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3), CMS, Institut de Physique des 2 Infinis de Lyon (IP2I Lyon), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and L3

Subjects
Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Luminosity (scattering theory), [PHYS.HEXP] Physics [physics]/High Energy Physics - Experiment [hep-ex], Meson, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Branching fraction, Resonance, State (functional analysis), 01 natural sciences, Helicity, Nuclear physics, 0103 physical sciences, [PHYS.HEXP]Physics [physics]/High Energy Physics - Experiment [hep-ex], Radiative transfer, Tensor, 010306 general physics, Particle Physics - Experiment
Abstract

The reaction \epem\ra\epem\gamma^*\gamma^*\ra\epem\kos\kos is studied with the L3 detector at LEP and the formation of the f_2\, \!\!\!'(1525) resonance is observed. For an integrated luminosity of 114 \pb, % \ collected over the years 1991-1994, 31\pm6 f_2\, \!\!\!' events are found. Their angular distribution is consistent with a pure helicity two. The radiative width times the branching ratio is measured to be \Gamma_{\gamma\gamma}(f_2\,\!\!\!')\times Br(f_2\ \!\!\!'\ra \k\bar{\k})=(0.093\pm 0.018\pm 0.022) keV. Only three events are found in the f_2(1270)-a_2(1320) mass region, consistent with destructive f_2-a_2 interference in the \kos\kos \ final state. The mixing angle of the tensor meson nonet is determined to be \theta=(29.4^{+1.4}_{-1.6})^\circ.

Published
1995

44. Search for the decays Bd0 → γγ and Bs0 → γγ

Author

S. S. Gau, D. Pandoulas, G. Schwering, Y. Zhou, G. F. Susinno, S. X. Wu, T. Spickermann, J. C. Pinto, B. De La Cruz, Michael Dittmar, G. Hu, Roberto Battiston, Zheng Wang, Zhenyu Zhang, Carlos Willmott, D. DiBitonto, Speranza Falciano, M. E. Sarakinos, D.W. Schmitz, G. Pascale, W. Kittel, D. P. Stickland, Ph. Rosselet, P. Ladron de Guevara, Andre Sopczak, D. Antreasyan, N. Shivarov, Claudio Luci, M. Steuer, Gerjan Bobbink, Sc Yeh, Robert Clare, A. Gougas, L. Romero, B. Schoeneich, J. D. Swain, K. Banicz, D. Perret-Gallix, P. Kapinos, W. G. Ma, P. Duinker, Simonetta Gentile, A. Chan, Thomas Hebbeker, Paul Lecoq, R. W. Kraemer, Wt Lin, A. Klimentov, H. Janssen, F. Cesaroni, Kenneth Francis Read, M. Bourquin, E. Nagy, S. Easo, Kati Lassila-Perini, V. Plyaskin, B. Borgia, M. Chamizo, M. Lebeau, J. Ulbricht, M. Napolitano, S. Petrak, Y. F. Wang, K. Strauch, Joachim Mnich, Ren-Yuan Zhu, H. S. Chen, L. Servoli, G. Tsipolitis, W. van Rossum, Samuel C.C. Ting, Marco Meschini, A. Böhm, B. Alpat, J. Y. Zeng, Luciano Barone, M. Schneegans, D. Kirkby, A. Robohm, G. Passaleva, M. W. Gruenewald, I. Josa-Mutuberria, P. Marchesini, Maurizio Biasini, M. Fabre, T. Angelescu, Bryan R. Smith, Emilio Leonardi, R. Bock, E. Lieb, Yu. Galaktionov, A. C. Weber, S. Pensotti, Valery Schegelsky, Antonino Zichichi, H. El Mamouni, K. Sudhakar, M. T. Choi, Francesca Nessi-Tedaldi, J. Rodin, Y. J. Pei, Marta Felcini, J. Casaus, Yu. Kamyshkov, E. Dénes, J. Alcaraz, D. Duchesneau, Adrian Biland, A. Gurtu, J. D. Burger, Els Koffeman, Roger Moore, G. Rahal-Callot, G. Mirabelli, M. T. Dova, I. Clare, A. Arefiev, Y. G. Kim, Yu. Efremenko, V. Commichau, J. P. Ernenwein, H. Kuijten, J. B. Ye, P. Laurikainen, Tariq Aziz, Aa Vorobyov, F. Di Lodovico, K. Schultze, K. Lübelsmeyer, Piero Spillantini, Francesco Becattini, B. Hartmann, J. Busenitz, H. Suter, Y. H. Chang, H. Rykaczewski, Giovanni Organtini, L. Z. Sun, Christopher George Tully, Georgi Sultanov, M. N. Kienzle-Focacci, L. Baksay, F. Cotorobai, George Alverson, E. Brambilla, G. Cara Romeo, B. P. Roe, A. Hasan, C. G. Yang, M. Möller, T. S. Dai, C. Cecchi, Cheng Chen, A. Mihul, W. J. Burger, D. Goujon, V. Brigljevic, R. A. Khan, H. O. Cohn, J. S. Kapustinsky, C. Zaccardelli, V. Soulimov, A. Tsaregorodtsev, Subir Sarkar, K. Riles, W. W. Kinnison, R. Leiste, Christoph Paus, E. Gonzalez, A. Engler, M. Capell, F. Ferroni, A. Bujak, Oliver Kornadt, M. Pohl, J. M. You, Vincenzo Innocente, Wolfgang Lohmann, B. Monteleoni, H. Vogt, Lamberto Luminari, Y. Zeng, F. Marzano, G. Coignet, W. Krenz, Raffaello D'Alessandro, K. Y. Lee, J. M. Salicio, G. Landi, H. S. Fesefeldt, E. Pistolesi, B. Bertucci, Simone Paoletti, G. Forconi, Gerard Fernandez, Attilio Santocchia, Jozsef Toth, Jean Fay, M. Caria, Leonardo Merola, S. C. Kim, Nicanor Colino, D. Boutigny, F. Sticozzi, R. C. Ball, Pierre Lecomte, Pierluigi Paolucci, P. Lebrun, M. Gailloud, S. Röhner, Suchandra Dutta, R. Mount, Nicola Cavallo, S. Wynhoff, Igor Vorobiev, A. Nippe, Alexander Malinin, J. S. Lee, F. Wittgenstein, A. Koulbardis, G. M. Bilei, R. Morand, H. F. Chen, A. Buytenhuijs, C. Burgos, V. P. Andreev, L. Tauscher, W. Lu, M. Röhner, H. Anderhub, Werner Lustermann, Manjit Kaur, T. Azemoon, Howard A. Stone, L. Ludovici, Federico Cindolo, G. Castellini, Nicolas Produit, F. C. Erné, P. Schmitz, S. Mele, S. Reucroft, P. Levtchenko, S. Mangla, Kajari Mazumdar, F. Tonisch, M. Acciarri, E. Drago, T. Paul, Z. F. Gong, X. L. Wang, R. Ostonen, A. Lebedev, Guo-Ming Chen, Dong-Chul Son, T. Kramer, K. Freudenreich, G. Chiefari, F. L. Linde, S. Shevchenko, Panos A Razis, Egidio Longo, Marcos Cerrada, H. Tuchscherer, M. Chemarin, Giovanni Ambrosi, Y. Mi, P. de Jong, S. Müller, F. Behner, G. M. Chen, S. C. Tonwar, V. Koutsenko, J. J. Blaising, Stefano Giagu, A. Marin, R. Barillère, U. Uwer, Andrea Baschirotto, W. C. van Hoek, Frank Filthaut, S. P. Ahlen, A. Chen, D. van Dierendonck, C. Maña, I. C. Brock, J. Salicio, P. Zemp, L. Urbán, Alessandra Doria, Xd Cai, J.V. Allaby, Aaron Dominguez, Thomas Ferguson, R. de Asmundis, Mariagrazia Alviggi, S. Patricelli, Z. A. Liu, X. Y. Yao, An. Zalite, Felicitas Pauss, J. G. Xu, I. Dorne, M. Redaelli, I. Vetlitsky, A. Buijs, M. Lenti, Stefan Roth, A. Boucham, C. Dionisi, Pablo Garcia-Abia, Alain Hervé, A. Kasser, C-Q. Li, V. K. Gupta, U. K. Chaturvedi, M. M. Ilyas, Y. S. Lu, A. Bay, Crisostomo Sciacca, S. Rosier-Lees, Marco Pieri, O. Toker, J. M. Le Goff, N. Gheordanescu, N. Scholz, S. Ro, R. Bizzarri, P. G. Seiler, J. A. Rubio, Carlo Civinini, P. Le Coultre, M. Basile, Gianpaolo Carlino, F. DeNotaristefani, S. R. Hou, M. Wadhwa, Jasper Kirkby, J. H. Field, C. Y. Chien, A. Kirkby, D. J. Schotanus, M. Maolinbay, G. Raven, Y. Karyotakis, M. Sassowsky, J. Berdugo, A. J.W. van Mil, H. De Boeck, L. Fredj, T. E. Coan, B. Stoyanov, J. G. Branson, M. Aguilar-Benitez, A. Macchiolo, Herwig Schopper, A. Pevsner, E. J. Sanchez, J. K. Kim, D. Luckey, Gy L. Bencze, Manas Maity, L. J. Gutay, H. Postema, R. T. Van de Walle, U. Becker, Davide Piccolo, Francesca Cavallari, C. Leggett, S. N. Ganguli, Reinhard W. Schulte, P. Berges, M. Rescigno, Peter Denes, Steve Nahn, I. Duran, Peter H. Fisher, A. Kunin, A. Degré, Konrad Deiters, Roberto Castello, Hafeez R Hoorani, J. P. Martin, M. Rattaggi, W. J. Metzger, F. J. Eppling, G. J. Zhou, L. W. Jones, Alberto Aloisio, A. Ricker, B. Lindemann, G. Y. Zhu, E. Shumilov, S. Goldfarb, S. M. Ting, J. T. He, V. Shoutko, J. C. Sens, B. C. Riemers, A. Adam, O. Rind, R. Völkert, M. Tonutti, Mingshui Chen, J. Gerald, R. Faccini, G. G.G. Massaro, M. Pauluzzi, D. Ren, J. Shukla, E. Valente, P. Extermann, A. P. Colijn, D. McNally, Christoph Schäfer, B. Z. Yang, G. Viertel, X. W. Tang, Hans J. Vogel, S. Morganti, H. Hofer, J. Schwenke, P. A. Piroué, G. Gratta, B. Zhou, B. C.C. van der Zwaan, S. Costantini, Luisa Cifarelli, P. G. Rancoita, B. N. Jin, R. Weill, F. Muheim, H. Nowak, J. F. Zhou, Marcella Diemoz, W. Wallraff, S. Banerjee, Zp Zhang, Paolo Bagnaia, F. J. Rodriguez, H. R. Gustafson, An.A. Vorobyov, O. Adriani, Lucas Taylor, Dimitri Bourilkov, E. Fiandrini, Luca Malgeri, G. Sauvage, Harvey B Newman, K. Hilgers, M. Vivargent, P. Bartalini, A. M. Cartacci, R. Raghavan, A. C. König, Laurent Vuilleumier, Joel Goldstein, A. Favara, Z. Z. Xu, V. Pojidaev, Dai-Sik Kim, B. L. Betev, R. Fabbretti, C. Lapoint, Luca Lista, D. Fernandez, Juven Wang, and Sabine Riemann

Subjects
Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Particle physics, Top quark, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Electron–positron annihilation, 0103 physical sciences, Hadron, Detector, Signal region, 010306 general physics, 01 natural sciences
Abstract

A search for the decays B d,s 0 → γγ in 2.95 million hadronic Z decays has been performed using the L3 detector at LEP. No candidates are found in the signal region and upper limits have been set on the branching ratios: Br(B d 0 → γ ) −5 and Br(B s 0 → γγ ) −5 at 90% CL. These are the first limits set on these exclusive rare decays.

Published
1995

45. Tests of QED at LEP energies using e+e− → γγ(γ) and e+e− → ℓ+ℓ−γγ

Author

Aaron Dominguez, A. M. Cartacci, R. Raghavan, G. Landi, A. Arefiev, Yu. Efremenko, A. C. König, Simone Paoletti, Suchandra Dutta, A. Buytenhuijs, Aa Vorobyov, Felicitas Pauss, Laurent Vuilleumier, C. Burgos, E. Brambilla, Yu. Galaktionov, W. G. Ma, P. Le Coultre, M. Basile, Manjit Kaur, G. Chiefari, J. Alcaraz, S. Shevchenko, F. Behner, D. Antreasyan, Qi An, Andrea Baschirotto, Stefan Kirsch, P. Laurikainen, K. Riles, F. Marzano, G. Coignet, P. Vikas, F. Cesaroni, M. Chamizo, F. J. Rodriguez, W. Krenz, J. P. Ernenwein, J. K. Kim, B. Schoeneich, P. Kapinos, P. Duinker, D. Luckey, G. Tsipolitis, M. Schneegans, Gy L. Bencze, Reinhard W. Schulte, Simonetta Gentile, Samuel C.C. Ting, Bryan R. Smith, A. Klimentov, J. Y. Zeng, Cheng Chen, A. Mihul, Joel Goldstein, P. Schmitz, H. Janssen, Kenneth Francis Read, W. J. Burger, An.A. Vorobyov, Emilio Leonardi, A. A. Syed, M. Rescigno, E. Valente, K. Sudhakar, A. Favara, M. Yzerman, L. Z. Sun, B. Lindemann, Marcel Merk, Alessandra Doria, R. Malik, E. Dénes, R. Sehgal, D. Duchesneau, G. Passaleva, M. W. Gruenewald, I. Josa-Mutuberria, C. Zaccardelli, W. W. Kinnison, O. Adriani, R. Bock, Z. Z. Xu, V. Pojidaev, K. Freudenreich, M. Vivargent, Lucas Taylor, R. Leiste, Christoph Paus, N. Scholz, D. McNally, Zhuoxiang Ren, S. R. Hou, M. Wadhwa, J. B. Ye, D. J. Schotanus, H. A. Rizvi, A. Kunin, W. Kittel, S. S. Gau, L. Baksay, F. Cotorobai, C-Q. Li, G. A. Yang, F. C. Erné, Roberto Castello, B. Monteleoni, T. Angelescu, F. Sticozzi, Dai-Sik Kim, E. Lieb, W. Lu, Federico Cindolo, G. Viertel, C. Maña, I. C. Brock, Raffaello D'Alessandro, Hafeez R Hoorani, L. J. Gutay, S. Mangla, H. El Mamouni, Hans J. Vogel, S. Morganti, J. Casaus, Yu. Kamyshkov, C. Leggett, M. E. Sarakinos, V. K. Gupta, M. T. Choi, S. X. Wu, J. Schwenke, X. Y. Cui, S. C. Tonwar, S. Costantini, G. Forconi, U. Becker, W. J. Metzger, J. S. Lee, Gerard Fernandez, S. Goldfarb, E. Nagy, M. Guanziroli, S. Roth, B. L. Betev, R. Morand, Leonardo Merola, B. De La Cruz, A. Lebedev, Dong-Chul Son, T. Kramer, C. G. Yang, W. C. van Hoek, G. Hu, I. Duran, Y. J. Pei, D. DiBitonto, A. Kasser, J. T. He, Ph. Rosselet, Francesca Nessi-Tedaldi, A. Pevsner, D.W. Schmitz, G. Pascale, G.G.G. Massaro, N. Shivarov, Claudio Luci, Howard A. Stone, S. Ro, R. Bizzarri, Gianpaolo Carlino, F. DeNotaristefani, Robert Clare, J. P. Martin, Carlos Willmott, J. D. Burger, M. Steuer, F. Ferroni, J. J. Blaising, Frank Filthaut, Thomas Ferguson, Z. M. Wang, P. Ladron de Guevara, R. Fabbretti, A. Boucham, C. Dionisi, C. Lapoint, Jozsef Toth, D. Pandoulas, Speranza Falciano, Andre Sopczak, K. N. Qureshi, Lamberto Luminari, T. Azemoon, Paolo Bagnaia, Pablo Garcia-Abia, Alain Hervé, Roberto Battiston, S. Mele, G. Y. Zhu, E. Shumilov, D. Goujon, Vincenzo Innocente, Thomas Hebbeker, Paul Lecoq, R. W. Kraemer, M. Napolitano, O. Rind, Dimitri Bourilkov, P. Spillantini, Kajari Mazumdar, N. E. Moulai, A. Macchiolo, T. E. Coan, J. G. Branson, V. Shoutko, B. Borgia, J. C. Sens, T. Paul, B. C. Riemers, M. Fabre, Y. Zeng, E. Fiandrini, Luca Lista, Marcos Cerrada, M. Chermarin, A. Gougas, A. Bay, S. Khokhar, K. Banicz, D. Perret-Gallix, S. Müller, J. Ulbricht, A. Adam, G. Rahal-Callot, H. S. Chen, L. Servoli, S. Pensotti, Valery Schegelsky, Antonino Zichichi, Luca Malgeri, D. Fernandez, Roger Moore, H. Rykaczewski, Giovanni Organtini, Georgi Sultanov, Y. Mi, Manas Maity, H. Vogt, F. J. Eppling, G. J. Zhou, L. W. Jones, P. H. Fisher, S. M. Ting, Egidio Longo, H. Tuchscherer, P. Berges, Steve Nahn, Juven Wang, Yanwen Liu, Stefano Giagu, Mariagrazia Alviggi, S. Reucroft, M. Tonutti, Carlo Civinini, S. Rosier-Lees, M. Maolinbay, G. Raven, G. Sauvage, J. Lecoq, Davide Piccolo, Vincenzo Monaco, S. N. Ganguli, Igor Vorobiev, T. S. Dai, R. A. Khan, H. Anderhub, I. Clare, Pierluigi Paolucci, M. Gailloud, Maurizio Biasini, P.V.K.S. Baba, H. R. Gustafson, Marcella Diemoz, Xd Cai, Sabine Riemann, J. M. Salicio, P. Levtchenko, Attilio Santocchia, Jean Fay, Panos A Razis, A. Degré, M. Aguilar-Benitez, D. Boutigny, Marta Felcini, Francesco Becattini, K. Schultze, M. M. Ilyas, Harvey B Newman, K. Hilgers, V. P. Andreev, J. Busenitz, P. de Jong, I. Vetlitsky, R. C. Ball, H. Suter, O. Toker, Z. A. Liu, X. Y. Yao, J. G. Xu, Nicolas Produit, Giovanni Ambrosi, Herwig Schopper, H. Postema, Y. Karyotakis, J. Berdugo, E. Gonzalez, E. J. Sanchez, R. Mount, R. Timellini, Sc Yeh, Pierre Lecomte, P. Marchesini, M. Rattaggi, G. Sartorelli, W. van Rossum, Ming Zeng, M. Lenti, Peter Denes, G. M. Chen, P. Zemp, G. M. Bilei, R. de Asmundis, S. Röhner, Chenjie Gu, G. Cara Romeo, B. P. Roe, Nicola Cavallo, H. F. Chen, V. Brigljevic, S. Easo, Kati Lassila-Perini, V. Plyaskin, M. Röhner, Adrian Biland, Mingshui Chen, J. Gerald, R. Faccini, G. J. Bobbink, S. Wynhoff, C. Cecchi, L. Romero, F. Wittgenstein, Wt Lin, Subir Sarkar, G. Schwering, J. M. Le Goff, Werner Lustermann, X. L. Wang, M. Pauluzzi, G. F. Susinno, N. Gheordanescu, G. Castellini, A. Nippe, Alexander Malinin, M. A. Niaz, D. Ren, Z. P. Zhang, P. G. Seiler, J. Shukla, A. Engler, Marco Meschini, D. Kirkby, A. Bujak, Oliver Kornadt, M. Pohl, J. M. You, J. C. Pinto, R. Voelkert, J. A. Rubio, M. Capell, Behcet Alpat, U. Vikas, M. Caria, L. Ludovici, E. Drago, R. Ostonen, A. Marin, R. T. Van de Walle, J.V. Allaby, S. Patricelli, H. S. Fesefeldt, E. Pistolesi, T. Spickermann, M. Bourquin, K. Strauch, Z. F. Gong, P. Extermann, Joachim Mnich, A. Koulbardis, M. T. Dova, Q. Ye, Christoph Schäfer, B. Z. Yang, H. Hofer, An. Zalite, Michael Dittmar, F.L. Linde, J. Rodin, A. Robohm, V. Koutsenko, Christopher George Tully, H. O. Cohn, L. Fredj, L. Urbán, Y. Zhou, H. Kuijten, Wolfgang Lohmann, B. Bertucci, R. Weill, X. T. Cui, S. C. Kim, Y. G. Kim, M. N. Kienzle-Focacci, Nicanor Colino, J. D. Swain, R. Barillère, Y. H. Chang, A. Chan, J. F. Zhou, V. Soulimov, George Alverson, Y. F. Wang, D. P. Stickland, M. Lebeau, A. Tsaregorodtsev, J. S. Kapustinsky, K. Y. Lee, A. Böhm, N. Yunus, Y. Mir, C. H. Ye, A. C. Weber, G. Gratta, S. P. Ahlen, Jasper Kirkby, M. Sassowsky, A. J.W. van Mil, H. De Boeck, G. Mirabelli, Luisa Cifarelli, K. Lübelsmeyer, I. Dorne, M. Redaelli, U. K. Chaturvedi, Y. S. Lu, J. H. Field, C. Y. Chien, A. Kirkby, B. Stoyanov, Ren-Yuan Zhu, Luciano Barone, A. Gurtu, Els Koffeman, V. Commichau, B. Hartmann, A. Hasan, P. Lebrun, BT Bouwens, M. Acciarri, Guo-Ming Chen, U. Uwer, A. Chen, J. Salicio, Tariq Aziz, Crisostomo Sciacca, Marco Pieri, P. Bartalini, Konrad Deiters, Alberto Aloisio, A. Ricker, X. W. Tang, P. A. Piroué, B. Zhou, B. C.C. van der Zwaan, P. G. Rancoita, B. N. Jin, H. Nowak, W. Wallraff, S. Banerjee, Zp Zhang, and M. Möller

Subjects
Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Particle physics, 91 GeV, lower limits, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Electron–positron annihilation, Física, Interaction energy, 01 natural sciences, e+e− → γγ(γ), Nuclear physics, Angular distribution, Excited state, 0103 physical sciences, 010306 general physics, Ciencias Exactas
Abstract

Total and differential cross sections for the process e+e− → γγ(γ), and the total cross section for the process e+e− → γγγ, are measured at energies around 91 GeV using the data collected with the L3 detector from 1991 to 1993. We set lower limits, at 95% CL, on a contact interaction energy scale parameter Λ > 602 GeV, on the mass of an excited electron and on the QED cut-off parameters Λ+ > 149 GeV and Λ_ > 143 GeV. Upper limits are also set o branching fractions of Z decaying into γγ, π° and ηγ of 5.2 × 10−5, 5.2 × 10−5 and 7.6 × 10−5 respectively. The reactions e+e− → ℓ+ℓ−nγ (ℓ = e, μ, τ) are studied using the data collected from 1990 to 1994. The data are consistent with the QED expectations., Facultad de Ciencias Exactas

Published
1995

46. Measurement of energetic single-photon production at LEP

Author

Konrad Deiters, Alberto Aloisio, X. W. Tang, I. Sheer, P. A. Piroué, G. Viertel, B. Zhou, B. C.C. van der Zwaan, W. van Rossum, A. A. Syed, P. G. Rancoita, B. N. Jin, H. Nowak, G. Forconi, Gerard Fernandez, Adrian Biland, M. Rescigno, S. Banerjee, W. J. Burger, Zp Zhang, L. J. Gutay, Tariq Aziz, M. Vivargent, Michael Dittmar, Maurizio Biasini, E. Dénes, I. Dorne, M. Redaelli, Marta Felcini, Crisostomo Sciacca, Marco Pieri, M. Yzerman, K. Freudenreich, R. Sehgal, D. Duchesneau, Bernard Ille, A. Kasser, R. Leiste, A. Arefiev, D. McNally, G. Pascale, G.G.G. Massaro, Claudio Luci, Raffaello D'Alessandro, Leonardo Merola, Francesco Becattini, U. K. Chaturvedi, Y. S. Lu, Robert Clare, K. Lübelsmeyer, P. Levtchenko, A. Engler, S. Wynhoff, J. D. Swain, B. Monteleoni, F. Sticozzi, U. Becker, Elisabetta Gallo, I. Duran, J. M. Salicio, D. Pandoulas, R. Fabbretti, M. Capell, S. S. Gau, D. Boutigny, J. C. Sens, W. G. Ma, Thomas Hebbeker, Paul Lecoq, R. W. Kraemer, Helmut Vogel, Y. F. Wang, E. Gonzalez, S. Lanzano, J. H. Field, G. Trowitzsch, C. Y. Chien, J. S. Lee, E. Pistolesi, S. Reucroft, M. Napolitano, F. J. Eppling, G. J. Zhou, L. W. Jones, I. Josa-Mutuberria, H. S. Chen, S. M. Ting, M. Hebert, Panos A Razis, F. Duhem, R. Morand, T. Azemoon, T. E. Coan, J. G. Branson, Marcel Merk, R. Mount, L. Servoli, Z. M. Wang, A. Kirkby, S. Easo, V. Plyaskin, C. Maña, I. C. Brock, S. Shotkin, Howard A. Stone, G. Schwering, T. Paul, Marcos Cerrada, Nicola Cavallo, Davide Piccolo, Vincenzo Monaco, S. N. Ganguli, Alexander Malinin, Roberto Battiston, S. Mele, D. P. Stickland, W. Wallraff, Kajari Mazumdar, O. Toker, T. Spickermann, A. Degré, F. Wittgenstein, Lamberto Luminari, G. Landi, R. Weill, Y. Mi, Aa Vorobyov, X. L. Wang, Luca Lista, B. Lindemann, H. Fesefeldt, L. Ludovici, E. Drago, A. Lebedev, Dong-Chul Son, Axel König, T. Kramer, Y. Mir, C. H. Ye, Gerjan Bobbink, B. Borgia, M. Rattaggi, R. C. Ball, P. Ladron de Guevara, Andre Sopczak, S. Khokhar, T.R. McMahon, Ren-Yuan Zhu, Luciano Barone, J. J. Blaising, J. Ulbricht, B. De La Cruz, D. Fernandez, P. Vikas, G. Tsipolitis, R. Ostonen, Stefan Kirsch, Stefano Giagu, M. T. Choi, G. Sartorelli, K. N. Qureshi, Z. F. Gong, A. Marin, Jianming Qian, G. Hu, Juven Wang, Yanwen Liu, M. Schneegans, F. Ferroni, I. Vorobiev, E. Brambilla, H. F. Chen, Francesca Nessi-Tedaldi, Yu. Galaktionov, M. Tonutti, A. Gougas, Mariagrazia Alviggi, Pierluigi Paolucci, A. Buytenhuijs, C. Schäfer, M. Gailloud, M. Sassowsky, J. Alcaraz, J. Berdugo, Werner Lustermann, Georgi Sultanov, G. Cara Romeo, B. P. Roe, A. Gurtu, C. Burgos, K. Sudhakar, Els Koffeman, H. J. Schreiber, Carlos Willmott, H. R. Dimitrov, W. Kittel, E. J. Sanchez, L. Urbán, I. Vetlitsky, Xd Cai, J. D. Burger, G. Rahal-Callot, Marcella Diemoz, I. Clare, C-Q. Li, Speranza Falciano, J. B. Ye, V. K. Gupta, Willis Lin, Sabine Riemann, F. J. Rodriguez, S. Röhner, G. F. Susinno, T. S. Dai, M. T. Dova, R. A. Khan, P. de Jong, Dimitri Bourilkov, A. Boucham, C. Dionisi, K. Riles, J. C. Pinto, S. Ro, Subir Sarkar, R. Bizzarri, Gianpaolo Carlino, F. DeNotaristefani, D. Antreasyan, G. Chiefari, S. Shevchenko, A. Hasan, E. Nagy, Pablo Garcia-Abia, Alain Hervé, G. Mirabelli, Cheng Chen, A. Mihul, H. R. Gustafson, J. F. Zhou, Qi An, Dai-Sik Kim, F. Behner, H. O. Cohn, M. Möller, A. Bay, F. Marzano, G. Coignet, A. L. Anderson, C. Spartiotis, Andrea Baschirotto, C. Zaccardelli, M. Röhner, N. Yunus, Piero Spillantini, Carlo Civinini, W. W. Kinnison, P. Kapinos, M. Fabre, N. E. Moulai, P. Duinker, Simonetta Gentile, Manas Maity, F. Plasil, S. C. Yeh, K. Schultze, Mingshui Chen, J. Gerald, X. Y. Yao, M. Maolinbay, R. Malik, D. M. Lee, M. E. Sarakinos, G. Raven, A. Bujak, Oliver Kornadt, H. Suter, W. Krenz, G. Gratta, C. Paus, M. L. Brooks, P. Berges, A. Klimentov, M. Pohl, M. Aguilar-Benitez, Herwig Schopper, Luca Malgeri, A. Bykov, A. Chen, A. Ricker, H. Janssen, Kenneth Francis Read, P. Lebrun, A. Rubbia, J. M. Lubbers, H. Postema, L. Z. Sun, Luisa Cifarelli, D. Hauschildt, M. Caria, B. L. Betev, Y. G. Kim, V. P. Andreev, D. Schmitz, BT Bouwens, Y. H. Chang, George Alverson, Samuel C.C. Ting, M. Pauluzzi, H. Kuijten, G. Sauvage, P. Marchesini, D. Ren, M. Lenti, L. Romero, J. S. Kapustinsky, Ming Zeng, J. Shukla, G. M. Bilei, X. T. Cui, U. Vikas, M. Chemarin, R. Barillère, M. N. Kienzle-Focacci, R. Rosmalen, M. Acciarri, Guo-Ming Chen, U. Uwer, C. Leggett, M. Guanziroli, An.A. Vorobyov, Harvey B Newman, V. Brigljevic, N. Scholz, G. M. Chen, G. Passaleva, M. W. Gruenewald, Zhuoxiang Ren, J. P. Martin, A. M. Cartacci, E. Shumilov, V. Soulimov, V. Shoutko, M. Wadhwa, D. J. Schotanus, O. Adriani, J. M. Le Goff, B. C. Riemers, R. Raghavan, A. Adam, Egidio Longo, S. Patricelli, J. Salicio, A. Tsaregorodtsev, M. Bourquin, G. Alkhazov, D. H. Wright, N. Gheordanescu, G. S. Sanders, Laurent Vuilleumier, Roberto Castello, Q. Ye, J. M. You, Lucas Taylor, V. R. Krastev, Joel Goldstein, K. Strauch, P. G. Seiler, J. A. Rubio, B. Hartmann, Y. Zeng, S. R. Hou, F. Cesaroni, L. Fredj, M. M. Ilyas, K. Y. Lee, T. Angelescu, M. Chamizo, A. Favara, Z. Z. Xu, E. Lieb, V. Pojidaev, G. A. Yang, R. T. Van de Walle, J. Tóth, M. MacDermott, J. Casaus, Jasper Kirkby, Emilio Leonardi, M. A. Niaz, J. A. Bakken, Yu. Kamyshkov, F.C. Erné, P. Extermann, P. Lecomte, I. Leedom, B. Z. Yang, A. Robohm, H. Hofer, S. X. Wu, P. Laurikainen, O. Rind, C. G. Yang, D. DiBitonto, Ph. Rosselet, P. Schmitz, M. Steuer, L. Baksay, F. Cotorobai, X. R. Shi, Felicitas Pauss, V. Commichau, Paolo Bagnaia, A. Böhm, E. Valente, S. Rosier-Lees, P. Le Coultre, M. Basile, K. Banicz, D. Perret-Gallix, J. K. Kim, D. Luckey, Gy L. Bencze, S. Morganti, X. Y. Cui, E. Fiandrini, S. Costantini, S. Pensotti, H. El Mamouni, P. Arce, D. Goujon, Vincenzo Innocente, H. Anderhub, S. P. Ahlen, P. Zemp, Giovanni Ambrosi, R. de Asmundis, J. Mnich, Y. J. Pei, J. Busenitz, R. Bock, S. Müller, Simone Paoletti, Suchandra Dutta, K. Hilgers, Manjit Kaur, A. Weber, Daqiang Zhang, R. Schulte, R. Timellini, G.B. Mills, J. Schwenke, Chenjie Gu, Peter Denes, A. Pevsner, W. Lu, Federico Cindolo, L. Antonov, S. Mangla, H. A. Rizvi, A. Kunin, S. C. Tonwar, Hafeez R Hoorani, Frank Filthaut, Thomas Ferguson, W. J. Metzger, S. Goldfarb, Marco Meschini, D. Kirkby, J. T. He, F. L. Linde, Christopher George Tully, Valery Schegelsky, Antonino Zichichi, Wolfgang Lohmann, H. Vogt, B. Bertucci, S. C. Kim, Ph Fisher, H. Rykaczewski, Giovanni Organtini, Nicanor Colino, Y. Karyotakis, S. Chung, P.V.K.S. Baba, Attilio Santocchia, Jean Fay, Nicolas Produit, A. Nippe, A. Koulbardis, S. Roth, V. Koutsenko, Flores, Sylvie, Laboratoire d'Annecy de Physique des Particules (LAPP), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Physique Nucléaire de Lyon (IPNL), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3), CMS, Institut de Physique des 2 Infinis de Lyon (IP2I Lyon), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), L3, Acciarri, M., Adam, A., Adriani, O., Aguilarbenitez, M., Ahlen, S., Alcaraz, J., Aloisio, Alberto, Alverson, G., Alviggi, Mariagrazia, Ambrosi, G., An, Q., Anderhub, H., Anderson, A. L., Andreev, V. P., Angelescu, T., Antonov, L., Antreasyan, D., Alkhazov, G., Arce, P., Arefiev, A., Azemoon, T., Aziz, T., P. V. K., Bagnaia, P., Bakken, J. A., Baksay, L., Ball, R. C., Banerjee, S., Banicz, K., Barillere, R., Barone, L., Baschirotto, A., Basile, M., Battiston, R., Bay, A., Becattini, F., Becker, U., Behner, F., Bencze, G. L., Berdugo, J., Berges, P., Bertucci, B., Betev, B. L., Biasini, M., Biland, A., Bilei, G. M., Bizzarri, R., Blaising, J. J., Bobbink, G. J., Bock, R., Bohm, A., Borgia, B., Boucham, A., Bourilkov, D., Bourquin, M., Boutigny, D., Bouwens, B., Brambilla, E., Branson, J. G., Brigljevic, V., Brock, I. C., Brooks, M., Bujak, A., Burger, J. D., Burger, W. J., Burgos, C., Busenitz, J., Buytenhuijs, A., Bykov, A., Cai, X. D., Capell, M., Romeo, G. C., Caria, M., Carlino, G., Cartacci, A. M., Casaus, J., Castello, R., Cavallo, N., Cerrada, M., Cesaroni, F., Chamizo, M., Chang, Y. H., Chaturvedi, U. K., Chemarin, M., Chen, A., Chen, C., Chen, G., Chen, G. M., Chen, H. F., Chen, H. S., Chen, M., Chiefari, Giovanni, Chien, C. Y., Choi, M. T., Chung, S., Cifarelli, L., Cindolo, F., Civinini, C., Clare, I., Clare, R., Coan, T. E., Cohn, H. O., Coignet, G., Colino, N., Commichau, V., Costantini, S., Cotorobai, F., Delacruz, B., Cui, X. T., Cui, X. Y., Dai, T. S., Dalessandro, R., Deasmundis, R., Degre, A., Deiters, K., Denes, E., Denes, P., Denotaristefani, F., Dibitonto, D., Diemoz, M., Dimitrov, H. R., Dionisi, C., Dittmar, M., Dorne, I., Dova, M. T., Drago, E., Duchesneau, D., Duhem, F., Duinker, P., Duran, I., Dutta, S., Easo, S., Elmamouni, H., Angler, A., Eppling, F. J., Erne, F. C., Extermann, P., Fabbretti, R., Fabre, M., Falciano, S., Favara, A., Fay, J., Felcini, M., Ferguson, T., Fernandez, D., Fernandez, G., Ferroni, F., Fesefeldt, H., Fiandrini, E., Field, J. H., Filthaut, F., Fisher, P. H., Forconi, G., Fredj, L., Freudenreich, K., Gailloud, M., Galaktionov, Y., Gallo, E., Ganguli, S. N., Garciaabia, P., Gau, S. S., Gentile, S., Gerald, J., Gheordanescu, N., Giagu, S., Goldfarb, S., Goldstein, J., Gong, Z. F., Gonzalez, E., Gougas, A., Goujon, D., Gratta, G., Gruenewald, M. W., Gu, C., Guanziroli, M., Gupta, V. K., Gurtu, A., Gustafson, H. R., Gutay, L. J., Hartmann, B., Hasan, A., Hauschildt, D., J. T., He, Hebbeker, T., Hebert, M., Herve, A., Hilgers, K., Hofer, H., Hoorani, H., Hou, S. R., Hu, G., Ille, B., Ilyas, M. M., Innocente, V., Janssen, H., Jin, B. N., Jones, L. W., Dejong, P., Josamutuberria, I., Kasser, A., Khan, R. A., Kamyshkov, Y., Kapinos, P., Kapustinsky, J. S., Karyotakis, Y., Kaur, M., Khokhar, S., Kienzlefocacci, M. N., Kim, D., Kim, J. K., Kim, S. C., Kim, Y. G., Kinnison, W. W., Kirkby, A., Kirkby, D., Kirkby, J., Kirsch, S., Kittel, W., Klimentov, A., Konig, A. C., Koffeman, E., Kornadt, O., Koutsenko, V., Koulbardis, A., Kraemer, R. W., Kramer, T., Krastev, V. R., Krenz, W., Kuijten, H., Kunin, A., Deguevara, P. L., Landi, G., Lanzano, S., Laurikainen, P., Lebedev, A., Lebrun, P., Lecomte, P., Lecoq, P., Lecoultre, P., Lee, D. M., Lee, J. S., Lee, K. Y., Leedom, I., Leggett, C., Legoff, J. M., Leiste, R., Lenti, M., Leonardi, E., Levtchenko, P., Li, C., Lieb, E., Lin, W. T., Linde, F. L., Lindemann, B., Lista, L., Liu, Y., Lohmann, W., Longo, E., Lu, W., Y. S., Lu, Lubbers, J. M., Lubelsmeyer, K., Luci, C., Luckey, D., Ludovici, L., Luminari, L., Lustermann, W., W. G., Ma, Macdermott, M., Maity, M., Malgeri, L., Malik, R., Malinin, A., Mana, C., Mangla, S., Maolinbay, M., Marchesini, P., Marin, A., Martin, J. P., Marzano, F., G. G. G., Mazumdar, K., Mcmahon, T., Mcnally, D., Mele, S., Merk, M., Merola, Leonardo, Meschini, M., Metzger, W. J., Mi, Y., Mihul, A., Mills, G. B., Mir, Y., Mirabelli, G., Mnich, J., Moller, M., Monaco, V., Monteleoni, B., Morand, R., Morganti, S., Moulai, N. E., Mount, R., Muller, S., Nagy, E., Napolitano, Marco, Nessitedaldi, F., Newman, H., Niaz, M. A., Nippe, A., Nowak, H., Organtini, G., Ostonen, R., Pandoulas, D., Paoletti, S., Paolucci, P., Pascale, G., Passaleva, G., Patricelli, Sergio, Paul, T., Pauluzzi, M., Paus, C., Pauss, F., Pei, Y. J., Pensotti, S., Perretgallix, D., Pevsner, A., Piccolo, D., Pieri, M., Pinto, J. C., Piroue, P. A., Pistolesi, E., Plasil, F., Plyaskin, V., Pohl, M., Pojidaev, V., Postema, H., Produit, N., Qian, J. M., Qureshi, K. N., Raghavan, R., Rahalcallot, G., Rancoita, P. G., Rattaggi, M., Raven, G., Razis, P., Read, K., Redaelli, M., Ren, D., Ren, Z., Rescigno, M., Reucroft, S., Ricker, A., Riemann, S., Riemers, B. C., Riles, K., Rind, O., Rizvi, H. A., Ro, S., Robohm, A., Rodriguez, F. J., Roe, B. P., Rohner, M., Rohner, S., Romero, L., Rosierlees, S., Rosmalen, R., Rosselet, P., Vanrossum, W., Roth, S., Rubbia, A., Rubio, J. A., Rykaczewski, H., Salicio, J., Salicio, J. M., Sanchez, E., Sanders, G. S., Santocchia, A., Sarakinos, M. E., Sarkar, S., Sartorelli, G., Sassowsky, M., Sauvage, G., Schafer, C., Schegelsky, V., Schmitz, D., Schmitz, P., Schneegans, M., Scholz, N., Schopper, H., Schotanus, D. J., Shotkin, S., Schreiber, H. J., Shukla, J., Schulte, R., Schultze, K., Schwenke, J., Schwering, G., Sciacca, Crisostomo, Sehgal, R., Seiler, P. G., Sens, J. C., Servoli, L., Sheer, I., Shevchenko, S., Shi, X. R., Shumilov, E., Shoutko, V., Son, D., Sopczak, A., Soulimov, V., Spartiotis, C., Spickermann, T., Spillantini, P., Steuer, M., Stickland, D. P., Stiocozzi, F., Stone, H., Strauch, K., Sudhakar, K., Sultanov, G., Sun, L. Z., Susinno, G. F., Suter, H., Swain, J. D., Syed, A. A., Tang, X. W., Taylor, L., Timellini, R., S. C. C., Ting, S. M., Toker, O., Tonutti, M., Tonwar, S. C., Toth, J., Trowitzsch, G., Tsaregorodtsev, A., Tsipolitis, G., Tully, C., Ulbricht, J., Urban, L., Uwer, U., Valente, E., Vandewalle, R. T., Vetlitsky, I., Viertel, G., Vikas, P., Vikas, U., Vivargent, M., Vogel, H., Vogt, H., Vorobiev, I., Vorobyov, A. A., Vuilleumier, L., Wadhwa, M., Wallraff, W., Wang, J. C., Wang, X. L., Wang, Y. F., Wang, Z. M., Weber, A., Weill, R., Willmott, C., Wittgenstein, F., Wright, D., S. X., Wu, Wynhoff, S., Z. Z., Xu, Yang, B. Z., Yang, C. G., Yang, G., Yao, X. Y., C. H., Ye, J. B., Ye, Ye, Q., Yeh, S. C., You, J. M., Yunus, N., Yzerman, M., Zaccardelli, C., Zemp, P., Zeng, M., Zeng, Y., Zhang, D. H., Zhang, Z. P., Zhou, B., Zhou, G. J., Zhou, J. F., Zhu, R. Y., Zichichi, A., B. C. C., and L3 (IHEF, IoP, FNWI)

Subjects
Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Particle physics, Photon, [PHYS.HEXP] Physics [physics]/High Energy Physics - Experiment [hep-ex], Electron–positron annihilation, 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, Standard Model, Nuclear physics, SEARCH, 0103 physical sciences, [PHYS.HEXP]Physics [physics]/High Energy Physics - Experiment [hep-ex], 010306 general physics, GeneralLiterature_REFERENCE(e.g.,dictionaries,encyclopedias,glossaries), Ciencias Exactas, L3 EXPERIMENT, Coupling, Physics, fotones, física, Magnetic moment, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Z0 DECAY, Electroweak interaction, E+E COLLISIONS, NEUTRINO MAGNETIC-MOMENT, TAU-NEUTRINO, ComputingMethodologies_DOCUMENTANDTEXTPROCESSING, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Neutrino, Z-BOSON, Event (particle physics), Particle Physics - Experiment
Abstract

We describe the sample of energetic single-photon events (Eγ > 15 GeV) collected by L3 in the 1991–1993 LEP runs. The event distributions agree with expectations from the Standard Model. The data are used to constrain the ZZγ coupling and to set an upper limit of 4.1 × 10−6, μB (90% C.L.) on the the magnetic moment of the τ neutrino., Facultad de Ciencias Exactas

Published
1995

47. Use of linear algebra kernels to build an efficient finite element solver

Author

Howard C. Elman and Dennis K.-Y. Lee

Subjects
Hardware_MEMORYSTRUCTURES, Computer Networks and Communications, CPU cache, Computer science, Finite element solver, Parallel algorithm, Multiprocessing, Parallel computing, Computer Graphics and Computer-Aided Design, Finite element method, Theoretical Computer Science, Shared memory, Artificial Intelligence, Hardware and Architecture, Linear algebra, Software
Abstract

For scientific codes to achieve good performance on computers with hierarchical memories, it is necessary that the ratio of memory references to arithmetic operations be low. In this paper, we show that Level 3 BLAS linear algebra kernels can be used to satisfy this requirement to produce an efficient implementation of a parallel finite element solver on a shared memory parallel computer with a fast cache memory.

Published
1995

48. Thermal behaviour of a direct-current traction motor driving a railway train

Author

Chun Wah Leung, K. Y. Lee, and S.D. Probert

Subjects
Time pattern, Engineering, General Energy, business.industry, Mechanical Engineering, Direct current, Thermal, Building and Construction, Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law, business, Automotive engineering, Overheating (electricity), Traction motor
Abstract

The mean temperatures of a thyristor-driven traction motor, while operating on a very busy railway-line, have been measured. The factors affecting the attained temperatures are the loading imposed on the motor, its electric-current input, the train's speed versus time pattern, the dwell times at the stations on route, and the driving practice. It is essential to timetable the operations of the train so as not to overload the traction motor, and thereby avoid its overheating and rapid subsequent breakdown. Design improvements are suggested.

Published
1995

49. Measurement of the B00 mixing parameter and the Z → b forward-backward asymmetry

Author

Qi An, T. Spickermann, A. Arefiev, Michael Dittmar, P. Kapinos, P. Duinker, Simonetta Gentile, G. Tsipolitis, X. Y. Yao, Bernard Ille, H. Janssen, Kenneth Francis Read, Charles Leggett, Aa Vorobyov, E. Brambilla, John Swain, D. Hauschildt, J. Busenitz, R. Leiste, Christoph Paus, S. Khokhar, H. Anderhub, K. Sudhakar, Peter Denes, Paolo Bagnaia, W. Lu, Y. Mi, Federico Cindolo, S. C. Tonwar, Frank Filthaut, Patricia McBride, Thomas Ferguson, M. T. Choi, K. Riles, A. Böhm, Marco Meschini, Y. J. Pei, D. Kirkby, Francesca Nessi-Tedaldi, J. B. Ye, J. D. Burger, Ren-Yuan Zhu, Luciano Barone, M. Möller, M. MacDermott, Christopher George Tully, J. Mnich, F. C. Erné, B. De La Cruz, G. Hu, H. Kuijten, Wolfgang Lohmann, Roberto Castello, B. Bertucci, S. C. Kim, S. Pensotti, Valery Schegelsky, Antonino Zichichi, F. Marzano, G. Coignet, W. Krenz, G. Forconi, T. Angelescu, Nicanor Colino, G. Rahal-Callot, M. N. Kienzle-Focacci, Ph Fisher, R. Rosmalen, V. Soulimov, E. Valente, Tariq Aziz, B. Monteleoni, Lamberto Luminari, D. Perret-Gallix, M. Vivargent, M. Sachwitz, D. McNally, A. Gurtu, Gerard Fernandez, A. Buytenhuijs, C. Burgos, Speranza Falciano, C. G. Yang, W. van Rossum, A. Tsaregorodtsev, H. Rykaczewski, Z. Z. Xu, Giovanni Organtini, J. Casaus, Yu. Kamyshkov, P. Spillantini, Y. Karyotakis, S. Chung, G. Chiefari, S. Shevchenko, P.V.K.S. Baba, Q. Ye, S. Roth, K. Y. Lee, A. Marin, P. Extermann, Christoph Schäfer, B. Z. Yang, H. J. Schreiber, S. Shotkin, J. S. Lee, D. Pandoulas, Elisabetta Gallo, Pierluigi Paolucci, M. Gailloud, H. Hofer, G. Chen, Yueh-Feng Liu, P. Zemp, R. de Asmundis, O. Rind, P. de Jong, R. C. Ball, K. Schultze, H. Suter, E. Nagy, D. Lanske, Sc Yeh, Attilio Santocchia, Jean Fay, Zheng Wang, Yu. Galaktionov, J. Alcaraz, Pierre Lecomte, F. Behner, Howard A. Stone, W. Kittel, A. Hasan, Andrea Baschirotto, Kajari Mazumdar, Simone Paoletti, Manjit Kaur, G. Sartorelli, Adrian Biland, Wt Lin, V. Shoutko, Nicolas Produit, Giovanni Ambrosi, G. Viertel, Hans J. Vogel, S. Morganti, B. C. Riemers, A. A. Syed, H. El Mamouni, G. Cara Romeo, B. P. Roe, W. W. Kinnison, X. R. Shi, M. Bourquin, Y. F. Wang, A. Adam, Egidio Longo, K. Strauch, Felicitas Pauss, P. Vikas, Werner Lustermann, J. Schwenke, J. A. Rubio, M. Fabre, X. Y. Cui, M. E. Sarakinos, M. Rescigno, S. Reucroft, A. Pevsner, Crisostomo Sciacca, Marco Pieri, A. Malinin, P. Arce, Roberto Battiston, A. Robohm, S. Rosier-Lees, S. Costantini, P. Le Coultre, M. Basile, E. Koffeman, R. Timellini, Luciano Romero, M. Yzerman, M. Tonutti, U. Vikas, D. Goujon, D. Luckey, A. C. Weber, Gerjan Bobbink, B. Borgia, C. Willmott, Cheng Chen, A. Mihul, M. M. Ilyas, K. S. Kumar, W. J. Burger, G. S. Sanders, P. Ladron de Guevara, Igor Vorobiev, Y. S. Lu, F. Wittgenstein, P. Levtchenko, Vincenzo Innocente, K. N. Qureshi, B. Lindemann, M. Hebert, D. H. Zhang, F. Sticozzi, Panos A Razis, A. Engler, BT Bouwens, J. Ulbricht, D.W. Schmitz, G. Pascale, Chenjie Gu, A. Bujak, Oliver Kornadt, M. Pohl, G.G.G. Massaro, R. Mount, Nicola Cavallo, Marcel Merk, N. E. Moulai, A. Gougas, Claudio Luci, J. M. Le Goff, P. Marchesini, M. Capell, D. Boutigny, C. Zaccardelli, J. K. Kim, Tobias Kramer, Konrad Deiters, M. Acciarri, Gy L. Bencze, Robert Clare, Thomas Hebbeker, Paul Lecoq, R. W. Kraemer, O. Toker, A. Kasser, H. S. Fesefeldt, V. Brigljevic, D. P. Stickland, D. M. Lee, G. Mirabelli, I. Clare, Alberto Aloisio, A. Ricker, I. Leedom, M. Napolitano, Reinhard W. Schulte, I. Josa-Mutuberria, T. Paul, J. P. Martin, J. Berdugo, M. Röhner, H. S. Chen, C. Maña, L. Servoli, A. Kunin, J. M. Salicio, E. J. Sanchez, Dimitri Bourilkov, U. Uwer, Stefan Kirsch, Z. F. Gong, K. Lübelsmeyer, A. Chen, J. Salicio, F. J. Rodriguez, R. Weill, T. E. Coan, J. G. Branson, G. Schwering, G. Sauvage, F. Plasil, L. Antonov, Mingshui Chen, M. Zeng, A. Lebedev, M. Gruenewald, J. Gerald, Dong-Chul Son, N. Scholz, Raffaello D'Alessandro, J. C. Pinto, Davide Piccolo, Vincenzo Monaco, Georgi Sultanov, T. S. Dai, I. Sheer, J. J. Blaising, Stefano Giagu, M. L. Brooks, A. L. Anderson, S. N. Ganguli, M. Redaelli, R. A. Khan, P. A. Piroué, B. C.C. van der Zwaan, Zhuoxiang Ren, S. R. Hou, M. Wadhwa, R. T. Van de Walle, D. J. Schotanus, H. A. Rizvi, J. F. Zhou, X. L. Wang, A. Degré, T. Tuuva, U. K. Chaturvedi, An.A. Vorobyov, P. G. Rancoita, Mariagrazia Alviggi, V. P. Andreev, Leonardo Merola, V. R. Krastev, O. Adriani, Lucas Taylor, M. Chemarin, B. N. Jin, H. Nowak, Zhiqing Zhang, F. Marion, G. B. Mills, M. Rattaggi, J. M. You, G. M. Chen, Hafeez R Hoorani, E. Fiandrini, J. Tóth, M. Schneegans, Luca Malgeri, J. M. Qian, W. Wallraff, M. Caria, S. Banerjee, J. H. Field, G. Trowitzsch, C. Y. Chien, I. Vetlitsky, A. Kirkby, N. Yunus, A. Koulbardis, G. Gratta, A. Bykov, C. Li, T. Azemoon, Luisa Cifarelli, W. J. Metzger, S. Goldfarb, Marcos Cerrada, G. M. Bilei, J. T. He, S. Patricelli, G. Landi, Ingrid U. Scott, F. L. Linde, H. R. Gustafson, Marcella Diemoz, V. Plyaskin, L. Fredj, L. Djambazov, Harvey B Newman, L. J. Gutay, U. Becker, I. Duran, H. Vogt, F. J. Eppling, G. J. Zhou, L. W. Jones, K. Hilgers, S. M. Ting, S. Easo, M. T. Dova, H. O. Cohn, X. T. Cui, R. Barillère, A. Sopczak, S. P. Ahlen, J. A. Bakken, M. Sassowsky, Samuel C.C. Ting, G. F. Sussino, G. Passaleva, V. K. Gupta, S. Ro, R. Bizzarri, Gianpaolo Carlino, F. DeNotaristefani, S. X. Wu, C. Dionisi, P. Berges, L. Urbán, Pablo Garcia-Abia, Alain Hervé, A. Bay, A. Nippe, D. Duchesneau, Carlo Civinini, M. Maolinbay, G. Raven, M. A. Niaz, D. DiBitonto, Ph. Rosselet, M. Aguilar-Benitez, W.G. Ma, Y. G. Kim, Y. H. Chang, C. H. Ye, Herwig Schopper, B. Zhou, M. Steuer, H. Postema, George Alverson, E. Dénes, J. S. Kapustinsky, J. Weber, Maurizio Biasini, P. Schmitz, Alexei Klimentov, L. Z. Sun, C. Spartiotis, K. Freudenreich, Marta Felcini, Francesco Becattini, E. Gonzalez, M. Lenti, K. Banicz, S. Lanzano, S. Röhner, I. C. Brock, H. F. Chen, L. Ludovici, P. Lebrun, S. Wynhoff, E. Drago, R. Morand, F. Ferroni, M. Guanziroli, Y. Zeng, H. R. Dimitrov, A. Rubbia, D. H. Wright, N. Gheordanescu, P. G. Seiler, Y. Mir, R. Malik, E. Shumilov, J. C. Sens, G. Yang, B. L. Betev, A. M. Cartacci, R. Raghavan, A. C. König, G. Alkhazov, Laurent Vuilleumier, X. W. Tang, R. Sehgal, D Kim, A. Favara, V. Pojidaev, J. M. Lubbers, R. Fabbretti, Luca Lista, V. Koutsenko, D. Fernandez, Juven Wang, Sabine Riemann, T.R. McMahon, S. Müller, Xd Cai, F. Cesaroni, M. Chamizo, Emilio Leonardi, R. Bock, L. Baksay, F. Cotorobai, M. Pauluzzi, D. Ren, J. Shukla, and D. Antreasyan

Subjects
Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Particle physics, Muon, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Electron–positron annihilation, media_common.quotation_subject, Electroweak interaction, Weinberg angle, 01 natural sciences, Asymmetry, Nuclear physics, Momentum, 0103 physical sciences, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Nuclear Experiment, 010306 general physics, Mixing (physics), Lepton, media_common
Abstract

We have measured the time integrated B0 B 0 mixing parameter and the forward-backward asymmetry in the process e+e− → b b using hadronic events containing muons or electrons. The data sample corresponds to 1,044,000 hadronic decays of the Z. From a fit to the momentum and transverse momentum distributions for single lepton and dilepton events, we have determined the B0 B 0 mixing parameter to be χB = 0.123 ± 0.012 (stat.) ± 0.008 (sys.), and the b b forward-backward asymmetry at the effective center-of-mass energy √s = 91.30 GeV to be A b b = 0.087 ± 0.011 ( stat. ) ± 0.004 ( sys. ) This measurement corresponds to a value of the effective electroweak mixing angle of sin 2 θ w = 0.2335 ± 0.0021 .

Published
1994

50. Dietary counselling with the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet for Chinese patients with grade 1 hypertension: a parallel-group, randomised controlled trial

Author

Wai-Man Chan, Mandy W.M. Kwan, Harry H.X. Wang, Queenie K Y Lee, De X Zhang, Bryan P. Yan, Shannon T S Li, Brian C Y Fong, Martin C.S. Wong, Sian M. Griffiths, and Andrew J.S. Coats

Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty, Framingham Risk Score, Referral, DASH diet, business.industry, General Medicine, law.invention, Clinical trial, Randomized controlled trial, Informed consent, law, Dash, Physical therapy, Outpatient clinic, Medicine, business
Abstract

Background The Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet has been found to effectively lower blood pressure in Western populations within controlled experimental settings, with an efficacy similar to that of antihypertensive drugs. Nevertheless, studies of the pragmatic effectiveness of DASH counselling in the Chinese population are scarce. The aim of this study was to test the a priori hypotheses that DASH dietary intervention by a single counselling session with a dietician in addition to standard care by physicians improved estimated 10-year cardiovascular risk to a greater extent than standard care given by physicians alone. We also assessed participants who were less likely to have their cardiovascular risk optimised. Methods This parallel-group, randomised controlled trial was done with enrolment at two General Outpatient Clinics and at community health seminars through a primary-care network in Hong Kong. Computer-generated numbers with a block size of six and an allocation ratio of 1:1 were used for group allocation. The research nurse opened the opaque envelope in which the randomised sequence was sealed. Patients were notified into either intervention or control group, whereas the outcome assessors were masked. We recruited male and female patients (aged 40–70 years) who were newly diagnosed with grade 1 hypertension. Standard care was offered by the attending physician that lasted for 3–5 minutes, resembling the routine clinic practice. Only patients in the intervention group received a further 25 min one-off dietary counselling, based on the DASH recipe tailored-made for Chinese patients with hypertension, offered by a registered dietitian. Individualised DASH diet goals were recommended and educational pamphlets on the DASH diet were given. 10-year cardiovascular risk was estimated by a recalibrated and validated Chinese version of the Framingham equation. Analysis of covariance was performed to compare between-group differences, with adjustment for the effects of other factors and baseline outcome measures. This trial is registered with the Chinese Clinical Trial Register, number ChiCTRTRC-13003014. The study was approved by the Joint CUHK-NTEC Clinical Research Ethics Committee, Hong Kong. Each trial participant provided written informed consent. Findings We recruited a total of 556 patients (273 males; 283 females) aged 40–70 years who were newly diagnosed with grade 1 hypertension. 275 patients were randomly assigned to receive standard care and 281 patients were assigned to receive standard care plus DASH-based dietary counselling. Outcome data were available for 504 (91%) patients at 6 months and 485 (87%) patients at 12 months. Between-group analyses showed no difference in the reduction of cardiovascular risk between the two groups at 6 months (–0·13% [95% CI –0·50% to 0·23%], p=0·477) and 12 months (–0·08% [–0·33% to 0·18%], p=0·568). Multivariate regression analyses showed that men (p=0·012), patients younger than 55 years (p=0·049), current smokers (p=0·007), patients with educational level of junior secondary or below (p=0·009), and those who dined out for main meals for four times or more in a typical week (p=0·038) were significantly associated with no improvement in cardiovascular risk. Interpretation We found that additional counselling with a dietitian for Chinese patients with grade 1 hypertension might not confer additional benefits to those achieved with standard care. This finding does not support routine referral of these patients to dietary counselling. Patients with risk factors identified in this study should receive more clinical attention and regular follow-up to reduce cardiovascular risk. Future research is still necessary to assess the effectiveness of other plausible DASH diet delivery models. Funding The Health and Medical Research Fund and the Food and Health Bureau of the Hong Kong Government.

Published
2015

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