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This study was explored in series of the optical, thermal, and structure properties based on 60P2O5–10Al2O3–30ZnO (PAZ) glasses system that doped with varied rare-earth (RE) elements Yb2O3/Er2O3. The glass transition temperature, softening temperature and chemical durability were increased with RE-doping concentrations increasing, whereas thermal expansion coefficient was decreased. In the optical properties, the absorption and emission intensities also increase with RE-doping concentrations increasing, When Er2O3 and Yb2O3 concentrations are over than 3 mol% in the Er3+-doped PAZ system and Yb3+-doped concentration is over than 3 mol% for Er3+/Yb3+-codoped PAZ system, the emission intensity significantly decreases presumably due to concentration quenching, formation of the ions clustering, and OH− groups in the glasses network. It is suggested that the maximum emission cross-section (σe) is 7.64 × 10− 21 cm2 at 1535 nm is observed for 3 mol% Er3+-doped PAZ glasses. Moreover, the maximum σe × full-width-at-half-maximum is 327.8 for 5 mol% Er3+-doped PAZ glasses.

The friction and wear characteristics of types 304, 316 and Nitronic 60 stainless steel sliding against 440C have been compared. The studies involved a wide range of experimental techniques to characterize the wear specimens and the debris particles including optical metallography, microhardness tests, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, microprobe analysis and transmission electron diffraction. These complementary techniques reveal that strain-induced ϵ and α' martensite phases are formed during sliding. The friction, wear and galling characteristics of these alloys depend on the stability of the austenite phase, the hardness of the α' phase and the hardness gradient.