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6. Comparison between intramedullary nailing and minimally invasive plate osteosynthesis for tibial shaft fractures

Author

Joseph Y. Rho, Jaewon Choi, Yong Suk Kwon, Jung-Kook Song, Sungwook Choi, and Hyunseong Kang

Subjects
Adult, medicine.medical_specialty, Callus formation, Bony union, Nonunion, Bone healing, law.invention, Intramedullary rod, Fracture Fixation, Internal, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, law, medicine, Humans, Minimally Invasive Surgical Procedures, Malunion, Retrospective Studies, General Environmental Science, Fracture Healing, 030222 orthopedics, business.industry, 030208 emergency & critical care medicine, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, Fracture Fixation, Intramedullary, Surgery, Tibial Fractures, Treatment Outcome, Plate osteosynthesis, Radiological weapon, General Earth and Planetary Sciences, business, Bone Plates
Abstract

Introduction Intramedullary nailing (IMN) is currently considered the gold standard in the surgical treatment of tibial shaft fractures in adult patients. In this case-control comparative study, we aimed to compare the efficacy of minimally invasive plate osteosynthesis (MIPO) and IMN in treating tibial shaft fractures. Materials and methods The clinical and radiological outcomes, such as a modified trauma scale, operation time, fracture healing, rate of re-operation, and complications such as malunion, nonunion, shortening, and infection were assessed between IMN and MIPO for the treatment of tibial shaft fractures. Results Seventy-three skeletally mature patients who underwent IMN (group I) or MIPO (group M) for a closed extra-articular tibial shaft fracture (AO/OTA type 42) from June 2010 to May 2016 were retrospectively reviewed. The mean age was 51.16 (18~79) years, and the mean follow-up period was 22 (12~50) months. Bony union was achieved in all cases but one for each group - group I (35 cases) and group M (36 cases) (p > 0.05). Mean callus formation was observed in 12 (8 – 16) weeks in both groups (p > 0.05). There was no significant difference in operative time, hospital stay, bone healing, and the rate of complications among the two groups (p > 0.05). There was also no postoperative difference in functional evaluation between the two methods (p > 0.05). Conclusions No discrepancy was found in radiological and clinical outcomes between IMN and MIPO for tibial shaft fractures. It can be concluded that both IMN and MIPO are equally effective treatment modalities for tibial shaft fractures.

Published
2021
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10. Heterogeneous modification and reactivation of a craton margin beneath the Korean Peninsula from teleseismic travel time tomography

Author

Junkee Rhie, Jung Hun Song, and Seongryong Kim

Subjects
geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Continental collision, Subduction, Eurasian Plate, Geology, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, Craton, Paleontology, Continental margin, Lithosphere, Oceanic crust, Seismic tomography, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract

Margins of old continental lithosphere are likely prone to ongoing modification processes. Therefore, constraining detailed structures beneath the margin can be essential in understanding the evolution of the continental lithosphere. The eastern margin of the Eurasian plate is a natural laboratory that allows us to study the strong effects from multiple episodes of continental collision and subduction of different oceanic plates since their formation. To reveal the detailed evolution of cratons at their margins, we describe, for the first time, the upper mantle structures beneath the southern Korean Peninsula (SKP) based strictly on teleseismic relative arrival time data from densely deployed local seismic arrays, which allows us to constrain the details of the lithospheric structures beneath the Archean-Proterozoic basement. We imaged a thick (~150 km) high-velocity anomaly mainly beneath the Proterozoic Yeongnam Massif with large velocity contrasts (dlnVp ≈ 4.0% and dlnVs ≈ 6.0%) at its boundaries, suggesting the presence of a long-lasting cratonic root in the southwestern SKP. On the other hand, low-velocity anomalies were found beneath the Proterozoic Gyeonggi Massif, Gyeongsang arc-back-arc basin, and along the eastern margin of the SKP, indicating significantly modified regions. The possible existence of a remnant cratonic root beneath the SKP and contrasting lithospheric structures across the different Precambrian massifs suggests the highly heterogeneous modification of cratonic lithosphere at the eastern Eurasian plate margin. Strong velocity reductions, which indicate a thermally elevated upper mantle potentially with partial melts, correspond to areas of Cenozoic basalts, high surface heat flow, and high topography along the eastern KP margin. We interpret this coincidence as a result of recent reactivation of a craton margin, which is controlled by intense interaction between the convective upper mantle and heterogeneous continental lithosphere.

Published
2020
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11. Clinical outcomes of isolated distal deep vein thrombosis versus proximal venous thromboembolism in cancer patients: The Cleveland Clinic experience

Author

Vicki Pinkava, Mailey L Wilks, Keith R. McCrae, Deborah Y. Park, Alok A. Khorana, Meghan O'Brien, Jung-Min Song, Xuefei Jia, Shyam K. Poudel, Barbara Tripp, and Dana E. Angelini

Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty, Deep vein, Population, Hemorrhage, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Recurrence, Risk Factors, Neoplasms, Internal medicine, medicine, Humans, education, Blood Coagulation, Venous Thrombosis, education.field_of_study, business.industry, Hazard ratio, Anticoagulants, Cancer, Venous Thromboembolism, Hematology, medicine.disease, Thrombosis, Venous thrombosis, medicine.anatomical_structure, Cohort, Propensity score matching, business
Abstract

Background Previous studies suggest isolated distal deep vein thrombosis (IDDVT) has a self-limited clinical course. However, these studies excluded cancer patients, who remain a high-risk population. In addition, studies to evaluate the long-term clinical outcomes of IDDVT in cancer patients have been limited. Here, we report outcomes from our experience in treating cancer-associated IDDVT versus proximal venous thromboembolism (VTE). Methods We prospectively evaluated a cohort of patients referred to our cancer-associated thrombosis clinic from August 2014 through May 2018. We compared clinical characteristics, anticoagulation prescription, VTE recurrence, overall survival, major bleeding, and subsequent hospital admission between cancer patients with IDDVT and proximal VTE. A propensity score matching method was used to reduce bias from confounding variables. Results Of 1100 patients referred to the clinic, 124 IDDVT and 178 proximal VTE events were analyzed. After propensity score matching, 96 patients were included in each cohort. There was no difference in the rate of recurrent VTE between cancer patients with proximal VTE vs IDDVT, with or without matching (matched: hazard ratio [HR], 0.77; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.31-1.92; P = .58). There was no difference in overall survival between cancer patients with proximal VTE vs. IDDVT with or without matching (matched: HR, 1.18; 95% CI, 0.77-1.82; P = .45). Furthermore, subsequent hospital admissions and major bleeding events were similar between patients with proximal VTE events versus IDDVT. Conclusions Cancer patients with IDDVT have similar outcomes as their proximal counterparts, including rate of recurrence and overall survival. These findings suggest treatment of cancer-associated IDDVT should mirror treatment of proximal events.

Published
2020
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14. Noninvasive prediction of hepatocellular carcinoma development after oral antiviral therapy in patients with chronic hepatitis C: a multicenter study

Author

Yu Rim Lee, Jung Gil Park, Min Kyu Kang, Jung Eun Song, Byoung Kuk Jang, Young Oh Kweon, Won Young Tak, Se Young Jang, Changhyeong Lee, Byung Seok Kim, Jae-Seok Hwang, Woo Jin Chung, Soo Young Park, Nae-Yun Heo, Jeong Heo, Hyun Young Woo, Yanghyon Baek, Jun Sik Yoon, Joonho Jeong, and Jae Young Jang

Subjects
Hepatology
Published
2022
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20. Application of electrical conductivity method for adsorption of lead ions by rice husk ash

Author

Hyung-Koo Yoon, Jung Uk Song, and Jong Sub Lee

Subjects
Pollutant, Aqueous solution, Hydrogen, Applied Mathematics, 020208 electrical & electronic engineering, 010401 analytical chemistry, Inorganic chemistry, chemistry.chemical_element, 02 engineering and technology, Contamination, Condensed Matter Physics, 01 natural sciences, Husk, 0104 chemical sciences, law.invention, Adsorption, chemistry, law, Electrical resistivity and conductivity, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Atomic absorption spectroscopy, Instrumentation
Abstract

The potential of hydrogen (pH) has limitations when analyzing the behaviors of contaminated fluids associated with pollutant concentrations. This study proposed electrical conductivity to assess the removal rate of contaminants while considering their concentration. A lead aqueous solution is used to induce heavy metal contamination, and Rice husk ash is used as an absorbent to stabilize the contaminated material. The absorbent concentrations increased with a constant lead concentration of 30 ppm, and the change in concentration over time is observed by the electrical conductivity and pH. The Atomic Absorption spectrometer (AA spectrometer) is also used to obtain the lead concentration as a reference value. The converted loss exhibited similar trends and however, the ability of pH to provide information related to concentration is limited. This study demonstrates that the selected method can be directly used to assess the purification of contaminated materials while considering changes in concentration.

Published
2019
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21. Agglomeration of Li(NixMnyCoz)O2 particles in Couette–Taylor flow reactor

Author

Jung-Hoon Song, Seung-Hun Lee, Dong Hyup Jeon, and Jong-Pal Hong

Subjects
Range (particle radiation), Materials science, business.industry, General Chemical Engineering, Mixing (process engineering), Rotational speed, 02 engineering and technology, Mechanics, Computational fluid dynamics, 010402 general chemistry, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 01 natural sciences, 0104 chemical sciences, Physics::Fluid Dynamics, Breakage, Volume fraction, Particle, Particle size, 0210 nano-technology, business
Abstract

Couette–Taylor flow reactor is a mixing device that offers wide range of mixing regimes within a single reactor and operates in continuous flow mode. This reactor is recently used in manufacturing the cathode material of lithium ion batteries. Here, we simulate the agglomeration process of Li(NixMnyCoz)O2 particles using computational fluid dynamics. Quadrature method of moments is implemented for modeling of aggregation and breakage in Couette-Taylor flow reactor. We conduct an experiment of the preparation of Li(NixMnyCoz)O2 precursors, and the experimental data are compared with simulated results for the validation of numerical model. The predicted evolutions of mean particle size are well agreed with experimental data. For the practical application, we investigate the effects of density ratio of particle to fluid and initial volume fraction of particles on the particle size. The results show that the particle diameter increases with increasing of density ratio, but it decreases with increasing of initial volume fraction of particles. On the other hand, the particle sizes become similar at high rotational speed.

Published
2019
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22. Growth and characterization of gallium oxide films grown with nitrogen by plasma-assisted molecular-beam epitaxy

Author

Duc Duy Le, Trong Si Ngo, Jung-Hoon Song, and Soon-Ku Hong

Subjects
010302 applied physics, Materials science, Band gap, Metals and Alloys, Analytical chemistry, chemistry.chemical_element, 02 engineering and technology, Surfaces and Interfaces, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, medicine.disease_cause, 01 natural sciences, Nitrogen, Surfaces, Coatings and Films, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, chemistry, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, 0103 physical sciences, Materials Chemistry, Transmittance, Sapphire, medicine, 0210 nano-technology, Ultraviolet, Monoclinic crystal system, Molecular beam epitaxy
Abstract

Gallium oxide films were grown with nitrogen on c-plane sapphire substrates by plasma-assisted molecular beam epitaxy. Nitrogen and oxygen gases supplied simultaneously through one plasma source were used to grow gallium oxide films with nitrogen. All the films had monoclinic β-Ga2O3 structure; however, their surface roughness increased with increasing nitrogen supply. The incorporation of nitrogen was confirmed by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The average transmittance of the films was over 85% in the visible range and over 95% in the ultraviolet range. The as-deposited films had decreased bandgap energies from 4.92 eV to 4.35 eV, with increased nitrogen rate. That is, the bandgap energies of the gallium oxide films can be tuned simply by increasing nitrogen supply during their growth without any post-annealing process under nitrogen condition.

Published
2019
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23. Exploring parsimonious daily rainfall-runoff model structure using the hyperbolic tangent function and Tank model

Author

Jung-Hun Song, Moon-Seong Kang, Jihoon Park, and Younggu Her

Subjects
Baseflow, Watershed, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Basis (linear algebra), Mathematical model, Simulation modeling, Flow (psychology), 0207 environmental engineering, Soil science, 02 engineering and technology, 01 natural sciences, Water resources, Streamflow, Environmental science, 020701 environmental engineering, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Water Science and Technology
Abstract

Mathematical models with small numbers of parameters are useful for hydrological analyses and water resources planning as they are easier to prepare, use, and interpret compared to more complex models. Many simple model structures and simulation strategies have been developed, but there is still substantial room for improvement in the efficiency of daily rainfall-runoff modeling. This study proposes daily rainfall-runoff models that require only two to four parameters yet are capable of predicting peak discharge and baseflow. Parsimonious model structures were obtained using the hyperbolic tangent function and combining it with one subsurface layer and two parameters of a Tank model. The daily rainfall-runoff models proposed based on the Two-Parameter Hyperbolic Model (TPHM) and Tank model were applied to 41 watersheds throughout South Korea. Model accuracy was evaluated by comparing observed and simulated watershed streamflow and compared with that of a nine-parameter Tank model. The original TPHM and its variants yielded slightly better efficiency with a smaller number of parameters than the Tank model when reproducing high flows on a daily basis. The accuracy of low flow and flow duration curve predictions provided by the TPHM-based models was higher in watersheds with relatively large baseflow temporal variability. The results suggested that the TPHM-based structures be alternative parsimonious daily rainfall-runoff simulation models. This study demonstrates that daily high streamflow can be efficiently simulated using a two-parameter hydrological model, and daily baseflow simulation can be improved by adding two additional parameters to the model.

Published
2019
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24. Integrated sediment transport process modeling by coupling Soil and Water Assessment Tool and Environmental Fluid Dynamics Code

Author

Younggu Her, Satbyeol Shin, Jung-Hun Song, and Moon-Seong Kang

Subjects
Hydrology, Environmental Engineering, Process modeling, Watershed, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Soil and Water Assessment Tool, Ecological Modeling, 0207 environmental engineering, Sampling (statistics), Sediment, 02 engineering and technology, Sedimentation, 01 natural sciences, Watershed management, Environmental science, 020701 environmental engineering, Sediment transport, Software, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract

Reservoir sedimentation is a major environmental issue, and integrated sediment modeling provides a holistic picture of the sediment transport processes in watershed management planning. This study proposes a sediment modeling framework by coupling a watershed loading model, Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT), with a receiving water-body model, Environmental Fluid Dynamics Code (EFDC). In the proposed framework, upstream sediment load estimates made by SWAT are dynamically linked to EFDC to predict sediment deposition in a reservoir, facilitating multiple model runs required for what-if scenario analyses in developing sediment management plans and for optimization using sampling-based search algorithms. The modeling framework was applied to predict the spatial distributions of sediment depositions in an agricultural reservoir and quantify their uncertainty. This article introduces how the two models, SWAT and EFDC, are linked for integrated sediment modeling and demonstrates how the proposed framework can be applied in a case study.

Published
2019
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25. Research on simple joint method using fiber-metal laminate design for improved mechanical properties of CFRP assembly structure

Author

Dong-Woo Lee and Jung-Il Song

Subjects
Fiber metal laminate, Materials science, Adhesive bonding, Mechanical Engineering, 02 engineering and technology, 010402 general chemistry, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, medicine.disease_cause, 01 natural sciences, Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering, Manufacturing cost, 0104 chemical sciences, Electrophoretic deposition, Mechanics of Materials, Mold, Ceramics and Composites, medicine, Adhesive, Composite material, 0210 nano-technology, Joint (geology), Layer (electronics)
Abstract

Carbon fiber-reinforced plastic (CFRP) is an extremely strong and light material that is widely used in the aircraft, car, and defense industries for weight reduction and fuel saving. However, many large assembly structures are still made of metal because of the low material and manufacturing costs. This study was done to investigate a simple joining technique using adhesive bonding for the reduction of the manufacturing cost of the CFRP assembly structure. Carbon fabrics modified by electrophoretic deposition and a fiber-metal laminate (FML) joint design with a hydrothermally treated metal sheet were employed on the adhesive layer to improve the adhesive strength. Then, the adhesive properties were characterized using fabricated specimens from the experimental study. The results show that the FML design plays a significant role in increasing the adhesive strength and fatigue life. Additionally, the manufacturing processes are simplified by the reduced workspace and simplified mold shape, which might reduce the production cost.

Published
2019
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26. Enhanced flow uniformity in parallel mini-channels with pin-finned inlet header

Author

Deokjoo Kim, Jung-Youn Song, Sung-Min Kim, and Seungryong Hah

Subjects
Pressure drop, geography, Materials science, geography.geographical_feature_category, 020209 energy, Drop (liquid), Energy Engineering and Power Technology, 02 engineering and technology, Mechanics, Heat sink, Inlet, Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering, 020401 chemical engineering, Header, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Hydraulic diameter, Potential flow, 0204 chemical engineering, Total pressure
Abstract

A key challenge concerning the design of mini-channel heat sinks pertains to minimization of flow maldistribution in parallel channels. Although this challenge has spurred several research efforts towards exercising control over flow resistance within parallel channels to enhance flow uniformity, some practical issues associated with fabrication and implementation, as well as the possibility of a high pressure drop render the efforts less useful. The present study concerns development of a strategy that utilizes staggered pin-fin arrays in the inlet header of mini-channel heat sinks with the aim of achieving uniform flow distribution within parallel channels without increasing total pressure drop. Two different header shapes, trapezoidal and rectangular, have been considered, and ten different pin-fin arrangements for each type of header have been designed to numerically investigate flow uniformity within channels. The three-dimensional computational domain included the entire heat sink consisting of inlet/outlet connection tubes, inlet/outlet headers, and twenty parallel rectangular mini-channels—each measuring 3 mm in hydraulic diameter and equidistantly spaced with a 2-mm solid-wall spacing. It has been demonstrated that compared to baseline inlet headers, best pin-fin arrangements obtained for both trapezoidal and rectangular inlet headers yield significant improvement in flow uniformity within channels along with uniform temperature distribution over the heat sink base with minimal influence on the pumping power requirement.

Published
2019
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27. Effect of interface in hybrid reinforcement of flax/glass on mechanical properties of vinyl ester composites

Author

Jung-Il Song, M.N. Prabhakar, and C. Naga Kumar

Subjects
Specific strength, Materials science, Polymers and Plastics, Flexural strength, Organic Chemistry, Ultimate tensile strength, Glass fiber, Vinyl ester, Thermosetting polymer, Izod impact strength test, Molding (process), Composite material
Abstract

Hybrid fiber-reinforced thermoset plastic matrix composites are increasingly being used in automotive applications, owing to their high specific strength and modulus. In this study, hybrid composites were manufactured by means of hybrid reinforcement; that is, biaxial glass and woven flax fabrics in vinyl ester resin with various stackings were created via the vacuum assisted resin transferee molding (VARTM) process. The manufactured composites were tested for their mechanical properties (tensile strength, modulus, flexural strength, and impact strength) and verified by means of morphological analysis. The results demonstrated rather unexpected phenomena, such as the tensile strength of the pure woven glass fibers (85.16 MPa) being lower than that of the hybrid composites (143.21 MPa). The flexural tests indicated that the strength (305.46 MPa) is higher for composites with glass ply at the bottom surface, and composites with glass ply on both ends exhibit high impact strength (0.145 J/mm2) compared to others. A water absorption test and thermo-gravimetric analysis were also performed.

Published
2019
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34. Immunomodulatory effects of Companilactobacillus allii WiKim39 and Lactococcus lactis WiKim0124 isolated from kimchi on lipopolysaccharide-induced RAW264.7 cells and dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis in mice

Author

Ye-Rang Yun, Moeun Lee, Jung Hee Song, Eun Ji Choi, and Ji Yoon Chang

Subjects
Companilactobacillus allii WiKim39, Nutrition and Dietetics, Kimchi, Lactococcus lactis WiKim0124, Nutrition. Foods and food supply, Anti-inflammation, Medicine (miscellaneous), TX341-641, Vegetable juice fermentation, Food Science
Abstract

Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) isolated from kimchi has beneficial antioxidant, anti-obesity, anti-cancer and immunomodulatory effects. Here, we investigated the immunomodulatory effects of vegetable juice (VJ) fermented with Companilactobacillus allii WiKim39 (VJ + WiKim39) or Lactococcus lactis WiKim0124 (VJ + WiKim0124) isolated from kimchi, in vitro and in vivo. Nitric oxide (NO) production and levels of inflammatory markers were significantly lower in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW264.7 cells treated with heat-inactivated VJ + WiKim39 and heat-inactivated VJ + WiKim0124 than in untreated cells (P

Published
2022
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36. Application of time domain reflectometer for detecting necking defects in bored piles

Author

Won Taek Hong, Jung Uk Song, Jung Doung Yu, and Jong Sub Lee

Subjects
Materials science, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Mechanical Engineering, Time-domain reflectometer, Acoustics, 0211 other engineering and technologies, 02 engineering and technology, Condensed Matter Physics, 01 natural sciences, Electromagnetic radiation, Position (vector), Transmission line, General Materials Science, Pile, 021101 geological & geomatics engineering, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Necking
Abstract

This paper presents a non-destructive method for detecting necking defects in bored piles using electromagnetic waves. Small-scale laboratory experiments are conducted with a defective model pile with diameter of 0.6 m and length of 1.0 m. Four artificial necking defects are introduced on three different sides of the model pile. One necking defect is introduced at the upper position on one side of the model pile, another one is introduced at the lower position on other side of the model pile, and the other two are introduced at both the upper and lower positions on the same side of the model pile. Electrical wires are installed alongside the main rebars of a reinforcement cage to configure a two-conductor transmission line. Electromagnetic waves are generated and detected using a time domain reflectometer. The experimental results indicate clear detection of the reflected electromagnetic waves at the necking defects and pile end. In addition, the calculated defect locations are similar to the actual locations. This study demonstrates that electromagnetic waves can be effective in detecting necking defects at various positions in bored piles.

Published
2018
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37. Effect of seasonal production on bacterial communities in Korean industrial kimchi fermentation

Author

Ji Yoon Chang, Min Young Jung, Moeun Lee, Se Hee Lee, and Jung Hee Song

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, Weissella, biology, 030106 microbiology, Seasonality, biology.organism_classification, medicine.disease, Salinity, 03 medical and health sciences, Diversity index, Lactobacillus, medicine, Leuconostoc, Composition (visual arts), Fermentation, Food science, Food Science, Biotechnology
Abstract

Kimchi is prepared by fermenting salted vegetables with various ingredients and lactic acid bacteria, which are essential for the process. The aim of this study was to expiscate phylogenetic associations with the season and salinity of manufactured kimchi with respect to bacterial-community composition. We analyzed 66 Chinese cabbage kimchi samples obtained in the spring, autumn, or winter from commercial sources in six Korean provinces (Gangwon, Gyeonggi, Chungcheong, Gyeongsang, Jeolla, and Jeju) by Illumina MiSeq sequencing. The pH and salinity of the kimchi samples ranged from 5.02 to 6.13 and 1.40%–3.30%, respectively, and the salinity differed significantly by season and influenced bacterial-diversity indexes. Variations in operational taxonomic units and the Shannon index correlated significantly with salinity and seasonality. Moreover, microbial-community differences were strongly reflected in the seasonality of kimchi samples in non-metric multidimensional scaling plots and by analysis of similarity. Additionally, the distribution patterns of Leuconostoc, Lactobacillus, and Weissella spp. were well predicted by seasonality, demonstrating the importance of comprehensive correlations in bacterial community on variable environmental factors. Understanding key processes that control microbial distributions during kimchi fermentation offer insight into the biological variations of this food and the relationship between various kimchi properties and its microbiota.

Published
2018
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38. Fabrication of high-stiffness fiber-metal laminates and study of their behavior under low-velocity impact loadings

Author

Jung-Il Song, Chi Hoon Choi, Dong-Woo Lee, Sang Yoon Park, and Byung-Jin Park

Subjects
Fabrication, Materials science, Stiffness, Fracture mechanics, 02 engineering and technology, Molding (process), 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Shear (sheet metal), Cracking, 020303 mechanical engineering & transports, 0203 mechanical engineering, Ultimate tensile strength, Ceramics and Composites, medicine, Fiber, medicine.symptom, Composite material, 0210 nano-technology, Civil and Structural Engineering
Abstract

This study investigates the impact behavior of fiber-metal laminates (FMLs) (Carbon FMLs and Glass FMLs), which were fabricated by using high-stiffness steel, carbon prepreg, and glass prepreg through autoclave molding. The mechanical behavior of the FMLs was evaluated by performing tensile, compressive, in-plane shear, and low-velocity impact tests. Drop-weight impact tests were conducted to induce cracking of the FMLs, and the crack initiation along with crack propagation behavior of the different laminate sequences ([0/0], [0/90], [0/90/0], [90/0/90] and [0/90/90/0]) were also studied. The results show that the fabricated FMLs have higher strength and stiffness than conventional FMLs. Their impact strengths increased, and weights decreased simultaneously. The absorption energy was proportional to the crack length that was induced by the low-velocity impact. Moreover, it was found that the fiber orientation mainly affected the direction of crack propagation in the FMLs. This investigation facilitates the design of high-stiffness and lightweight FMLs for automotive parts.

Published
2018
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39. Production of 4He and 4He‾ in Pb–Pb collisions at sNN=2.76TeV at the LHC

Author

Pascal Dillenseger, Mauro Rogerio Cosentino, Prabhakar Palni, Peter Kalinak, Valery Punin, Marianna Mazzilli, Adriana Telesca, Madan M. Aggarwal, Neelima Agrawal, Fabio Filippo Colamaria, M. S. Islam, Vardanush Papikyan, R. Alfaro Molina, Caterina Deplano, Boris Batyunya, Marielle Chartier, H. Zhang, C. Petta, Dagmar Adamová, C. Alves Garcia Prado, Marian Krivda, Grzegorz Andrzej Wilk, A. J. Rubio Montero, Matthias Richter, Surajit Chattopadhyay, Petr Zavada, Deepika Rathee, Hans Peter Beck, Sona Pochybova, Ionut Cristian Arsene, M. C. S. Williams, Arturo Tauro, Soyeon Cho, Ante Bilandzic, G. Herrera Corral, Julius Maximilian Gronefeld, J. de Cuveland, Massimiliano Marchisone, Deepa Thomas, Lawrence Pinsky, L. Cunqueiro, D. B. Rana, Andrey Reshetin, D. Domenicis Gimenez, J. Pluta, Sergey Kiselev, Christina Markert, Anik Gupta, Przemyslaw Stefan Rokita, Paul Christoph Bätzing, Wisla Carena, Martino Gagliardi, Anders Garritt Knospe, Iouri Belikov, Thomas Dietel, Nirbhay Kumar Behera, Z. Yin, Syaefudin Jaelani, M. O. Schmidt, Hermann Franz Degenhardt, A. Rakotozafindrabe, Andreas Morsch, Shingo Sakai, Roman Lietava, D. Di Bari, Evgeny Ryabinkin, Yongwook Baek, Uwe Westerhoff, Marcello Lunardon, Jussi Samuli Viinikainen, Dmitry Finogeev, Lucina Gabriela Espinoza Beltran, Z. Buthelezi, You Zhou, Ejiro Naomi Umaka, Laura Fabbietti, Dennis Franz Weiser, Martin Andreas Volkl, J. W. Harris, G. Hamar, J. H. Kim, Daiki Sekihata, Silvia Masciocchi, Rosario Nania, Kenta Shigaki, Renaud Vernet, C. Klein-Bösing, A. S. Nyanin, Paulus Gerardus Kuijer, Giulio Eulisse, Kishora Nayak, Kilian Eberhard Schwarz, Dmitry Blau, C. Roy, Florian Herrmann, Aleksey M. Tikhonov, Rajendra Nath Patra, Serpil Yalcin, Silvia Arcelli, J. Saini, Eleazar Cuautle, Svetlana Silaeva, S. U. Chung, Przemyslaw Karczmarczyk, Federico Antinori, Livio Bianchi, Yasuo Miake, Sinjini Chandra, Sumit Kumar Saha, Rene Bellwied, Annika Passfeld, Panagiotis Christakoglou, M. Kim, E. Perez Lezama, Mallick Dukhishyam, Sohail Musa Mahmood, J.A. Mares, Ivan Vorobyev, H. J. C. Zanoli, M. Keil, M. Bombara, Sergey Gorbunov, Palash Khan, Xuan Zhang, G. Koyithatta Meethaleveedu, Philipp Johannes Luettig, Paolo Giubellino, Philippe Crochet, Benjamin Audurier, A. Maire, Sanjib Muhuri, P. Roy, Federico Cindolo, Xinye Peng, Marco Toppi, P. H. S. Y. Jayarathna, Alessandro Grelli, Ajay Kumar, Anton Jusko, Evgeny Kryshen, Maximiliano Puccio, B. Di Ruzza, Katie Leanne Graham, Johann Zmeskal, Juan Carlos Cabanillas Noris, Gerardus Nooren, Jan Musinsky, Ombretta Pinazza, Amalia Pop, Hiroki Yokoyama, Lukas Tropp, Rachid Guernane, Ivan Kralik, Miroslav Pikna, Mario Sitta, Davide Caffarri, A. Ortiz Velasquez, Zhuo Zhou, Fiorella Maria Celeste Fionda, Grazia Luparello, Monika Joanna Jakubowska, Serhiy Senyukov, Yuri Melikyan, Olja Dordic, Susanna Costanza, Joel Anthony Mazer, R. T. Jimenez Bustamante, O. Villalobos Baillie, Christian Lippmann, Luis Gustavo Pereira, J. W. Van Hoorne, V. P. Kondratiev, Edmundo Javier Garcia-Solis, Ranjit Nayak, Paraskevi Ganoti, Mohammed Al-Turany, M. van Leeuwen, Siegfried Valentin Foertsch, Jacek Tomasz Otwinowski, Zhanna Khabanova, Chitrasen Jena, S. Vigolo, Imrich Szarka, Nicole Bastid, Dimitra Andreou, Austin Vincent Harton, Linus Feldkamp, Andres Sandoval, Stefano Bagnasco, M. V. Ivanov, Pietro Cortese, Rune Langøy, Roberta Arnaldi, Manuel Colocci, A. Villatoro Tello, J. G. Contreras, E. López Torres, Paolo Camerini, Sergey Voloshin, Nima Zardoshti, Philippe Pillot, Baidyanath Sahoo, J. A. L. Martinez, Roberto Preghenella, Nicolo Jacazio, A. Fernández Téllez, Horst Sebastian Scheid, S. W. Lindsay, Luciano Musa, Andrey Vasiliev, Michelangelo Agnello, Marek Chojnacki, Sebastian Klewin, C. J. Schmidt, Jana Crkovská, R.N. Singh, Natalia Kondratyeva, Mateusz Andrzej Ploskon, Neetika Sharma, Dirk Hutter, M. Rodríguez Cahuantzi, M. J. Kweon, Guido Alexander Willems, Christian Holm Christensen, F. Soramel, Alexander Akindinov, D. Peresunko, Kirill Voloshin, Hanna Paulina Zbroszczyk, M. Mohisin Khan, D. L. Mihaylov, Toru Sugitate, E. Serradilla, Kgotlaesele Senosi, Michal Sumbera, A. A. P. Suaide, D. Nag, Vicente González, C. de Conti, D. Miśkowiec, Borge Svane Nielsen, Marie Germain, Annalisa Mastroserio, Jan Fiete Grosse-Oetringhaus, M. Nicassio, Satoshi Yano, D. M. Goméz Coral, Andrey Zarochentsev, Muhammad Umair Naru, C. Hadjidakis, Xing Long Li, Jaime Norman, Cristiane Jahnke, Bogdan Theodor Rascanu, Daniel Berenyi, A. C. Oliveira Da Silva, Nicola Bianchi, Evgeny Karpechev, Sebastian Rosado Navarro, Paolo Martinengo, Vladimir Izucheev, Germano Bonomi, O. Vazquez Doce, Alexander Mamonov, Filippo Costa, M. R. Haque, A. De Falco, Anthony Robert Timmins, Adam Ryszard Kisiel, G. Aglieri Rinella, Gabor Biro, Eugen Mudnic, Do Hyung Kim, Andile Mothegi Whitehead, P. Gianotti, Danilo Silva De Albuquerque, Kunal Garg, Rudiger Haake, Stefano Trogolo, Hyun-Chul Kim, Suharyo Sumowidagdo, Raimond Snellings, D. S. Hwang, A. Feliciello, Patrick Simon Reichelt, Sergey Nazarenko, R. D. De Souza, Alexandru Florin Dobrin, Dhananjaya Thakur, Alexander Deisting, P. Vande Vyvre, Sean Murray, Alla Maevskaya, Rafael Peretti Pezzi, Naghmeh Mohammadi, H. Borel, Peter Zahariev Hristov, Ken Oyama, Hadi Hassan, M. Martinez Pedreira, K. Schweda, M. Masera, D. A. Moreira De Godoy, Tomas Wilhelm Snellman, Enrico Scomparin, Pooja Pareek, Janet Elizabeth Seger, M. I. Martínez, Gualtiero Volpe, Salvatore Aiola, David Michael Rohr, Mais Kazim Oglu Suleymanov, Laurent Ducroux, Pragati Sahoo, Tsubasa Okubo, Sonia Parmar, Artem Shangaraev, M. H. P. Sas, Raymond James Ehlers, Lee Stuart Barnby, Piero Giubilato, Erwann Masson, Alice Elisabeth Ohlson, Latchezar Betev, J. J. Gaardhøje, Xavier Bernard Lopez, Jaroslav Bielcik, Andrea Francescon, F. Carnesecchi, Marcello Borri, Alexander Vodopyanov, Alexandr Tumkin, A. B. Kurepin, Hongbo Zhu, Mirko Planinic, Jinjin Pan, Wladyslaw Henryk Trzaska, Madalina-Gabriela Tarzila, Elena Rogochaya, Sk Noor Alam, Claudiu Cornel Schiaua, Sandra Moretto, Ewa Gladysz-dziadus, Jan Rak, S. K. Ghosh, Hoonjung Oh, A. M. Gago, Bernhard Hohlweger, Jorn Henning Putschke, J. Castillo Castellanos, Jamila Bashir Butt, Y. Sibiriak, Ilya Selyuzhenkov, Costin Grigoras, Daniel Michael Muhlheim, Jhuma Ghosh, Sabyasachi Siddhanta, Shaji Kumar, Mesut Arslandok, Sushanta Tripathy, Alberto Masoni, Vladimir Nikulin, Harry Arthur Andrews, Igor Altsybeev, Davide Pagano, Tasnuva Chowdhury, Seyong Kim, Laszlo Olah, E. Fragiacomo, Maria Vasileiou, Ian Gardner Bearden, A. M. Rossi, Vladimir Kovalenko, Udo Wolfgang Kebschull, Goran Simatovic, Dmitry Mal'kevich, Boris Hippolyte, Redmer Alexander Bertens, Y. Mao, Andrea Danu, Guillaume Batigne, Ajay Kumar Dash, V. Grigoriev, Y. Corrales Morales, Kohei Terasaki, Luca Barioglio, Brigitte Cheynis, Carsten Klein, Y. J. Kwon, Toralf Bernhard Skaali, Miroslaw Marek Kielbowicz, Alexander Kluge, Jan Jadlovsky, Sumit Basu, Andrei Ionut Herghelegiu, Heiko Engel, Matthias Bonora, Gilda Scioli, Volodymyr Yurchenko, Rahul Ramachandran Nair, Wanchaloem Poonsawat, Y. F. Ryabov, C. Garabatos, Yu. V. Kharlov, F. Scarlassara, Adela Kravcakova, Christian Claude Kuhn, G. V. Margagliotti, J. S. Kim, E. Calvo Villar, Stefan Kirsch, Sergey Nikulin, Pascal Dupieux, Shreyasi Acharya, H. Appelshäuser, Mohamad Tarhini, Andrea Dainese, Ketil Røed, Sebastian Lehner, Sergey Fokin, Michael Henry Oliver, Zubayer Ahammed, Antonija Utrobicic, G. Martínez García, Torsten Alt, Adam Tomasz Matyja, Steffen Georg Weber, Wan Chang, Rosario Turrisi, P. I. Loenne, Nikola Poljak, Torsten Dahms, I. Cortés Maldonado, Anton Andronic, Piotr Jan Gasik, Eric Endress, Sandeep Dudi, Linda Vickovic, Yonghong Zhang, Leo Clifford Greiner, Mohammad Ahmad Saleh, T. Antičić, Richa Gupta, Francesca Bellini, Victor Jose Gaston Feuillard, Vladimir Ivanov, Fabian Ng, Evgeny Kondratyuk, David Dobrigkeit Chinellato, Cristina Terrevoli, Renu Bala, Matti Mikael Mieskolainen, Thomas Michael Cormier, G. L. Usai, Marcel Araujo Silva Figueredo, Dario Berzano, Anju Bhasin, G. A. Feofilov, Christoph Blume, Roy Crawford Lemmon, Leonid Vinogradov, Gabor Kiss, Ran Xu, Johanna Stachel, M. Zhalov, Lokesh Kumar, Peter Chochula, A. S. Gonzalez, Christophe Pierre Suire, Mukesh Sharma, L. A. P. Moreno, Christoph Mayer, Hao Wang, U. Frankenfeld, Jens Robert Luhder, Hua Pei, Vikas Singhal, Antonino Zichichi, Jacopo Margutti, Sergey Nikolaev, P. González-Zamora, P. L. M. Podesta-Lerma, Anastasia Maria Barbano, Gabriele Gaetano Fronze, Constantinos Loizides, Benjamin Andreas Hess, Johan Alme, Luciano Ramello, Andrzej Rybicki, Jihyun Bhom, Ken Suzuki, Nikolai Smirnov, Raphael Noel Tieulent, Markus Ball, Alessandra Lattuca, Jochen Klein, Anselmo Margotti, Vladyslav Litichevskyi, Trine Spedstad Tveter, Ivan Kisel, Byungchul Kim, Jana Bielcikova, Katarina Krizkova Gajdosova, Antoine Xavier Lardeux, Baldo Sahlmuller, Antonio Bianchi, A. De Caro, T. K. Nayak, Sylvain Chapeland, Jai Samuel Nielsen Salzwedel, Sergey Filchagin, Marco Bregant, Jørgen André Lien, Yingchun Zhu, Alexey Kuryakin, Filimon Roukoutakis, Audrey Francisco, Tuva Ora Herenui Richert, Markus Bernhard Zimmermann, Robert Vertesi, William Edward Witt, David Olle Rickard Silvermyr, Martin Schmidt, Barbara Guerzoni, Marcelo Gameiro Munhoz, Valeria Muccifora, A. G. Bogdanov, Amal Sarkar, Kirill Lapidus, Vit Kucera, Kosei Yamakawa, Ciprian Mihai Mitu, Eugenio Scapparone, Rinaldo Rui, Krzysztof Redlich, Yanchun Ding, Matteo Lupi, Sami Sakari Rasanen, Ashutosh Pandey, Jubin Mitra, Vladimir Belyaev, J. T. Blair, Bjarte Kileng, Bruno Alessandro, Priyanka Sett, E. Nappi, Hideki Hamagaki, Ionel Stan, Cristina Bedda, Susan L. Swain, Lucas Altenkamper, Vladimir Kaplin, Jitendra Kumar, Davide Francesco Lodato, Esther Bartsch, H. Caines, Sudhir Raniwala, J. Van Der Maarel, Tatiana Karavicheva, E. Montes, F. Prino, B. Polichtchouk, P. Di Nezza, Supriya Das, Artur Furs, Tomas Vanat, Cvetan Valeriev Cheshkov, Peter Christiansen, Vladislav Manko, Ganesh Jagannath Tambave, Astrid Vauthier, Bruno Espagnon, Qiye Shou, A. A. Vinogradov, M. Fusco Girard, T. Peitzmann, Mikhail Malaev, Guy Paic, Radiy Ilkaev, Surya Prakash Pathak, Sergey Evdokimov, Vytautas Vislavicius, Chengxin Zhao, Marek Kowalski, Fabian Pliquett, Mikolaj Krzewicki, Auro Prasad Mohanty, Robert Helmut Munzer, Subikash Choudhury, Oleg Karavichev, Christophe Furget, Teodor Siemiarczuk, Jean Willy Andre Cleymans, Volker Lindenstruth, Barbara Antonina Trzeciak, S. De Pasquale, Freja Thoresen, Meike Charlotte Danisch, A. Di Mauro, Fouad Rami, Debasish Das, Peter Graham Jones, G. Boca, Vladimir Peskov, P. F. T. Matuoka, Jin-Hong Park, Henner Buesching, Erik Brücken, Peter Braun-Munzinger, Y. Watanabe, M. A. Lisa, Gyula Bencedi, Sanjeev Singh Sambyal, Valeriy Pozdniakov, A. Karasu Uysal, Ulrich Fuchs, J. Mercado Pérez, P. La Rocca, Corrado Gargiulo, Manoj Bhanudas Jadhav, Alberto Caliva, S. P. Sorensen, Nicolas Schmidt, Raffaele Grosso, Eungyu Yun, Sandro Christian Wenzel, Ashik Ikbal Sheikh, Lukas Kreis, Smbat Grigoryan, Rainer Martin Schicker, Andrzej Deloff, Liudmila Malinina, Yue Shi Lai, D. Budnikov, S. L. La Pointe, Dezso Varga, Andrew John Lowe, Alex Henri Jean Chauvin, D. De Gruttola, Mihai Petrovici, Ara Grigoryan, Philippe Rosnet, E. A. R. Casula, Ralf Keidel, Igor Lakomov, F. Bock, Miljenko Suljic, Petra Loncar, I. K. Yoo, Alberto Collu, Samrangy Sadhu, D. L. D. Keijdener, Paolo Bartalini, Benjamin Donigus, Lilit Karayan, S. Vergara Limón, Tatsuya Chujo, Marton Vargyas, Simon Voigt Nesbø, Mandeep Kour, J. Book, D. Elia, Bernd Stefan Windelband, Peter Levai, Krzysztof Marek Sielewicz, Julian Wojciech Myrcha, Alexander Szabo, Filip Krizek, Shuaib Ahmad Khan, M. Konyushikhin, David H. Evans, Solangel Rojas Torres, Andre Augustinus, Carlos Duarte Galvan, Naoto Tanaka, Buddhadeb Bhattacharjee, Martin Poghosyan, Ramona Lea, J. L. Klay, A. Rustamov, Barbara Jacak, Rainer Arno Ernst Renfordt, Andrew Michael Kubera, Aditya Nath Mishra, Roberto Divia, Dimitry Aleksandrov, Erin Frances Gauger, S. Porteboeuf-Houssais, Jung-Il Song, Alexander Philipp Kalweit, Andrea Festanti, Varlen Grabski, Federico Ronchetti, Emilia Leogrande, Bong-Hwi Lim, Andre Mischke, Viktor Ratza, Alexandre Shabetai, Helmut Oskar Oeschler, Gergely Gabor Barnafoldi, Boris Wagner, Chiara Bianchin, K. Barth, Petr Nomokonov, David Horak, S. Lee, Rashmi Raniwala, C. Lara, Sarita Sahoo, Yvonne Chiara Pachmayer, Michal Kopcik, S. Sadovsky, Christopher Hills, Domenico Colella, Premomoy Ghosh, Pradip Kumar Sahu, Konstantin Mikhaylov, Emily Jade Willsher, Malgorzata Anna Janik, Branislav Sitar, Shinichi Hayashi, B. von Haller, Boris Teyssier, Sven Gotovac, Zabulon Vilakazi, Saikat Biswas, Fabrizio Grosa, Elisa Laudi, Franco Meddi, Mikhail Ippolitov, Franck Manso, Sidharth Kumar Prasad, Sebastian Hornung, Claude Andre Pruneau, Roberto Barbera, Elena Botta, Petra Riedler, Vladimir Samsonov, Vojtech Pacik, Christine Nattrass, Mohd Danish Azmi, Chinorat Kobdaj, Francesco Noferini, Roman Lavicka, Igor Pshenichnov, I. Das, Anisa Khatun, Iwona Anna Sputowska, Nur Hussain, Jesse Thomas Buxton, Edgar Dominguez Rosas, Arturo Alejandro Menchaca-Rocha, Natalia Zhigareva, Sudipan De, L. Aphecetche, Arild Velure, Omar Vazquez Rueda, Jan Figiel, Peter Malzacher, Diego Stocco, G. de Cataldo, Z. Conesa del Valle, R. Orava, T. Kollegger, J. L. Bazo Alba, Alessandra Fantoni, Ernst Hellbar, Emma Gonzalez Hernandez, Archana Sharma, Andreas Michael Mathis, Alessandro Ferretti, Kjetil Ullaland, N. De Marco, Lars Bratrud, J. H. Kang, Johannes Lehrbach, Peter Strmen, Dong Jo Kim, Nilmoni Sarkar, Francesco Riggi, Stefan Thomas Heckel, Vladimir Vechernin, Yasir Ali, Panagiota Foka, L. O. D. L. Pimentel, Alexander Borissov, Markus Konrad Kohler, Angela Badala, Matej Oravec, Alberica Toia, Hartmut Hillemanns, Sang Un Ahn, Valentina Zaccolo, Matteo Concas, A. J. Castro, Attiq Ur Rehman, Anand Kumar Dubey, Jeremy John Wilkinson, Agneta Oskarsson, Kristjan Herlache Gulbrandsen, Magnus Mager, Sanchari Thakur, Hans Rudolf Schmidt, Charalampos Kouzinopoulos, P. W. Stankus, Motoi Inaba, Jin Hee Yoon, J. Zhu, Andrea Alici, Johannes Peter Wessels, R. A. Negrao De Oliveira, Janusz Oleniacz, Y. Berdnikov, Ana Vargas, Michal Broz, H. Bello Martinez, Michal Meres, Tiziano Virgili, Markus Fasel, Michal Sefcik, Dai-Mei Zhou, Danthasinghe Piyarathna, Martin Vala, C. Ceballos Sanchez, Alberto Rotondi, Ana Maria Marin, Nicole Alice Martin, Pranjal Sarma, Bedangadas Mohanty, Pietro Antonioli, Luisa Cifarelli, Elena Bruna, Brennan Schaefer, Sibaliso Mhlanga, Alexandru Bercuci, Werner Riegler, R. D. Majka, Boris Rumyantsev, C. Zhang, Klaus Johannes Reygers, Astrid Morreale, Slavka Jadlovska, T.H. Kim, Alexei Khanzadeev, Dominik Voscek, Yves Roland Schutz, Fatiha Lehas, H. Natal da Luz, Federica Sozzi, A. A. Capon, F. Carena, D. Watanabe, Uzma Tabassam, Theo Alexander Broker, Taku Gunji, E. Stenlund, L. V. R. Doremalen, Cristian Andrei, Venelin Anguelov, Eliane Epple, E. G. Ferreiro, Rama Chandra Baral, Sergey Shirinkin, Anton Alkin, Lukasz Kamil Graczykowski, Ashpreet Kaur Duggal, Paul Alois Buhler, Ali Zaman, Adrian Sevcenco, Stefano Panebianco, Marco Marquard, Oleksandr Kovalenko, Mihai Niculescu, Wadut Shaikh, Giuseppe Trombetta, G. Conesa Balbastre, Michael Wang, Shuguang Zou, Basanta Kumar Nandi, Svein Lindal, Rishat Sultanov, Ping Yang, Peter Martin Jacobs, Jon Christopher Wikne, Giacomo Bruno, Charles E. Hughes, D. Hatzifotiadou, Predrag Buncic, A. Baldisseri, M. Kofarago, Christopher Daniel Anson, Kristin Fanebust Hetland, Svetlana Kushpil, Laszlo Boldizsar, J. Takahashi, Annelies Marianne Veen, Vito Manzari, Gennady Zinovjev, Sadhana Dash, Dieter Røhrich, Rathijit Biswas, I. León Monzón, K. Shtejer, Arvind Khuntia, Viktor Riabov, C. Cicalo, Bharati Naik, Y. Pestov, Felix Reidt, V. Chibante Barroso, Raghunath Sahoo, Valerie Ramillien Barret, M. A. Diaz Corchero, S. A. Iga Buitron, Mohammad Tariq, Oliver Busch, V. Petrov, Øystein Djuvsland, Zhiqing Zhang, Raphaelle Marie Bailhache, Ermanno Vercellin, M. A. Mazzoni, Artem Konevskikh, Tahir Hussain, Debojit Sarkar, Peter Glassel, R. N. Singaraju, Christian Bourjau, Francesco Barile, Irais Bautista Guzman, Joakim Nystrand, Hendrik Poppenborg, Julien Charles Hamon, N. Zaviyalov, A. Gomez Ramirez, Konstantin Munning, J. Wiechula, Beomsu Chang, Corey James Myers, C. Oppedisano, Catalin-Lucian Ristea, D. Vranic, Vitaly Loginov, Lidia Maria Gorlich, Kenneth Francis Read, Stefania Bufalino, Podist Kurashvili, L. Nellen, Jonatan Adolfsson, Michael Linus Knichel, T.P. Sinha, Håvard Helstrup, Ritsuya Hosokawa, Tyler Harrison Lutz, Fedor Guber, Jan Cabala, Antonio Uras, Elisa Meninno, H. Pereira Da Costa, Oliver Werner Arnold, Y. Sekiguchi, Inayat Rasool Bhat, G. Tejeda Muñoz, Maciej Slupecki, James Declan Mulligan, T. J. Humanic, K. Šafařík, Preeti Dhankher, Sampo Saarinen, Barbara Ewa Erazmus, Andrea Dubla, R. Varma, Giuseppe Simonetti, Ivan Ravasenga, Ralf Peter Averbeck, S. Beole, C. Lagana Fernandes, Michele Floris, Jongsik Eum, M. Gallio, Jacobus Onderwaater, B. Ketzer, Sibaji Raha, Filip Erhardt, Chiara Zampolli, Marko Jercic, Maksim Melnik Storetvedt, Biswarup Paul, Jeremi Niedziela, M. Weber, Sonia Rajput, V. Petráček, Ruben Shahoyan, Janka Vrlakova, Tomoya Tsuji, Arseniy Shabanov, Myunggeun Song, W. J. Llope, Lucia Leardini, Jurgen Schukraft, Satyabrata Kar, Victor Trubnikov, Amrendra Narayan, Julien Faivre, Hiroshi Murakami, Xiaowen Ren, Stefano Piano, and Sourav Kundu

Subjects
Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Particle physics, Time projection chamber, Large Hadron Collider, Time of flight detector, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Hadron, 01 natural sciences, 0103 physical sciences, Quark–gluon plasma, Rapidity, Thermal model, 010306 general physics
Abstract

Results on the production of 4 He and He‾4 nuclei in Pb–Pb collisions at sNN=2.76TeV in the rapidity range |y

Published
2018
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40. Systemic lichenoid inflammation from immune checkpoint inhibition

Author

Jessica Philpott, Tapas Ranjan Behera, Joshua Arbesman, Jung Min Song, Jennifer S. Ko, and Pauline Funchain

Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty, IRAEs, medicine.medical_treatment, Inflammation, Immune checkpoint inhibitor, medicine.disease_cause, Immune system, Immune related adverse events, Prednisone, medicine, Adverse effect, RC254-282, General Environmental Science, ICI, business.industry, Rash, and dermatology, General Engineering, Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens, Immunotherapy, Dermatology, Immune checkpoint, stomatognathic diseases, Lichenification, General Earth and Planetary Sciences, Nivolumab, medicine.symptom, Irritation, business, medicine.drug
Abstract

Immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapy is highly effective in managing several malignancies, however ICI can induce unique toxicities known as immune related adverse events (irAEs). A wide range of dermatologic irAEs including localized lichenoid dermatitis have been reported, however extensive lichenoid inflammation involving both skin as well as the mucous membranes has not been reported. We report the case of a 39-year-old female with metastatic melanoma who developed progressive skin, esophageal and vulvar inflammation during immunotherapy with nivolumab. The treatment was well tolerated until the 9th cycle of treatment when diffuse lichenoid manifestations progressed rapidly over a period of weeks. Initially, skin changes were noted on extremities, soon followed by severe epigastric pain thereafter vulvar irritation that presented with mucosal changes. This diffuse lichenoid inflammation prompted discontinuation of nivolumab. Her symptoms were successfully managed by prednisone. This report of extensive lichenoid changes adds to the expanding manifestations of systemic irAEs.

Published
2021
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41. Parallelization of a two-dimensional time-area watershed routing

Author

Jung-Hun Song, Younggu Her, and KwangSoo Yang

Subjects
Scheme (programming language), Environmental Engineering, Watershed, Watershed area, Computer science, Ecological Modeling, Flow (psychology), Parallel computing, Grid, Set (abstract data type), Routing (electronic design automation), Surface runoff, computer, Software, computer.programming_language
Abstract

Grid-based spatially distributed hydrological modeling has become feasible with advances in watershed routing schemes, remote sensing technology, and computing resources. However, the need for long-running times on a substantial set of computational resources prevents a spatially detailed modeling program from being widely used, particularly in fine-resolution large-scale studies. Parallelizing computational tasks successfully mitigate this difficulty. We propose a novel way to improve the simulation efficiency of direct runoff transport processes by grouping watershed areas based on a time-area routing scheme. The proposed parallelization method was applied to simulating the runoff routing processes of two watersheds in different sizes and landscapes. The method substantially improved the computational efficiency of the time-area routing simulation with common computing resources. The efficiency of the parallelization was not limited by the hierarchical relationship between upstream and downstream catchments along the flow paths, which could be possible with the Lagrangian tracking of the time-area routing method.

Published
2021
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42. Facile deposition of environmentally benign organic-inorganic flame retardant coatings to protect flammable foam

Author

Yong Tae Park, Joohyung Lee, Hyunsu Park, Teklebrahan Gebrekrstos Weldemhret, Habtamu Gebeyehu Menge, Dong-Woo Lee, and Jung-Il Song

Subjects
Materials science, General Chemical Engineering, Organic Chemistry, engineering.material, Polyelectrolyte, Surfaces, Coatings and Films, chemistry.chemical_compound, Combustibility, Montmorillonite, chemistry, Coating, Chemical engineering, Materials Chemistry, engineering, Intumescent, Polyurethane, Flammability, Fire retardant
Abstract

The combination of clay and intumescent, also termed hybrid organic−inorganic coating is an attractive strategy to improve the flame retardancy of polyurethane foam (PUF). However, the fabrication of such flame retardants remains challenging as it requires the deposition of many layers to achieve the desired level of the intumescing effect. Herein, we describe a facile route to fabricate a hybrid clay−intumescent coating comprising a OnePot−deposited chitosan (CH)−phytic acid (PA) polyelectrolyte complex (PEC) intumescent stacked on top of a layer-by−layer self−assembled clay trilayer (TL) of poly− d −lysine, CH, and alginate-stabilized montmorillonite. Combustibility tests using cone calorimetry revealed that a PUF coating of CH−PA PEC intumescent on a 5 TL clay nanobrick wall (CH−PA@5 TL@PUF) can reduce the peak heat release rate (a critical flammability metric), peak rate of smoke release, and peak CO2 production rate of neat PUF by 73%, 33%, and 65%, respectively. Additionally, this hybrid coating imparted UL−94 horizontal burning rating by avoiding melt dripping and flashover, while the neat foam was completely consumed during the UL−94 flammabilty test. The proposed method is adaptable for the facile construction of other multifunctional surfaces in various application fields.

Published
2021
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43. Influence of biowaste additive and treated short woven flax fibers on the flame retardancy and mechanical properties of PP composites

Author

Jung-Il Song, Thanh Mai Nguyen Tran, and M.N. Prabhakar

Subjects
Polypropylene, chemistry.chemical_compound, Materials science, chemistry, Scanning electron microscope, Composite number, Infrared spectroscopy, Thermal stability, Composite material, Reinforcement, Agronomy and Crop Science, Fire retardant
Abstract

This study aims to achieve the desired properties of green composites using a novel reinforcement strategy with lignocellulose materials, including waste pinecone powder (PCP) (Pinus hartwegii) and specially prepared short woven flax fabrics (Linum usitatissimum) (SWFs). Initially, PCP (2%, 4%, 6%, 8%, and 10%) was optimized with polypropylene (PP), and SWF was optimized by treating it with 15% of the flame retardant APP (called SWFA). The optimized PCP and SWFA were then reinforced with PP to produce the PCP-PP/SWFA composite. The effect of reinforcement on the mechanical, thermal, and flame-retardant properties of PP was studied. The mechanical test results of the PP composites with 8% PCP and 25% SWF were observed to improve significantly, by 23% and 38% respectively, compared to pure PP. The hybrid reinforcement (PCP-PP/SWFA) was observed to enhance the thermal stability of the composite by 98%, and its flame retardancy by 30%. Results obtained from the Fourier transmission infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, and scanning electron microscopy support the inference of changes in the properties of PP after performing the reinforcement. Overall, the PP properties were greatly improved compared to those reported in the literature owing to the hybrid reinforcement. Hence, we believe that this study can show the path to researchers towards high thermal applications.

Published
2021
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44. Correlation between photoluminescence and electroluminescence in GaN-related micro light emitting diodes: Effects of leakage current, applied bias, incident light absorption and carrier escape

Author

Jung-Hoon Song, Yujin Sung, Wook-Jae Lee, Jae-Sang Kang, Jaesun Kim, Kyuheon Kim, Tak Jeong, Gunwoo Jung, and Youngboo Moon

Subjects
Photoluminescence, Materials science, business.industry, Organic Chemistry, Electroluminescence, Ray, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, law.invention, Inorganic Chemistry, Wavelength, law, Optoelectronics, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Luminescence, business, Absorption (electromagnetic radiation), Spectroscopy, Quantum well, Light-emitting diode
Abstract

Accurately predicting the peak wavelength and intensity of the electroluminescence spectrum through the photoluminescence method which can be measured without connecting electrodes is not only practically important for the development of micro-LEDs that cannot be fully inspected for device development, but there is also a fundamental importance in understanding the light emitting mechanism of the LEDs. In this study, the correlation and detailed mechanism between PL and EL are systematically analyzed by considering the effects of carrier escape, carrier accumulation, applied bias, leakage current, incident light wavelength and light absorption in order to provide a clear path for all-optical inspection of light emitting diodes and complete understanding of the luminescence mechanism in GaN-related quantum wells.

Published
2021
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45. Failure of Hastelloy diaphragm in pressure regulator used for hydrogen fluoride gas

Author

Thanh Tuan Nguyen, Vanno Lok, Thi Giang Le, Jung Soo Song, Kee Bong Yoon, and Nwe Ni Tun

Subjects
Materials science, Passivation, General Engineering, Diaphragm (mechanical device), Paris' law, Hydrogen fluoride, Corrosion, Stress (mechanics), chemistry.chemical_compound, Hydrofluoric acid, chemistry, General Materials Science, Composite material, Crevice corrosion
Abstract

Failure analysis was conducted for a hydrogen fluoride pressure regulator. Hydrogen fluoride gas transformed into highly corrosive hydrofluoric acid owing to the presence of condensed moisture. On the surface of the Hastelloy diaphragm of the pressure regulator, corrosion pits and network-like corrosion structures were uncovered. Crack initiation from a corrosion pit caused the coalescence of cracks of neighboring pits and fatigue crack growth, and the fatigue crack penetrated the diaphragm and triggered gas leakage. The fatigue load was provided by the repeated bending of the diaphragm during pressure regulation. Mo, Ni, and Cr in Hastelloy contributed to the formation of a passivation film, and M6C carbide could have served as a crevice corrosion cell. The stress generated in the diaphragm during pressure regulation was analyzed using finite element analysis. In this paper, apart from a discussion of these observations, an explanation of the detailed results of a metallurgical investigation and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy analysis are explained.

Published
2021
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47. Mechanistic CHF model development for subcooled flow boiling in a vertical rectangular channel under low pressure

Author

Yong Hoon Jeong, Jung Hyun Song, Soon Heung Ch, and Jun Yeong Jung

Subjects
Fluid Flow and Transfer Processes, Mass flux, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, Materials science, Critical heat flux, Turbulence, Mechanical Engineering, Bubble, Flow (psychology), 02 engineering and technology, Mechanics, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Condensed Matter Physics, Inlet, 01 natural sciences, 010305 fluids & plasmas, Subcooling, Boiling, 0103 physical sciences, 0210 nano-technology
Abstract

Research reactors are recommended to be designed with sufficient safety margin for critical heat flux (CHF) in both normal and transient operation, which requires the development of predictive CHF models for both subcooled and saturated flow boiling conditions. While models exist for saturated flow boiling conditions, to date, no mechanistic CHF approach has been developed for subcooled flow boiling in a rectangular channel. In this paper, a new mechanistic model is derived to predict the subcooled flow boiling CHF in a rectangular channel for turbulent upward flow under low pressure. The proposed model is characterized by its consideration of coalesced vapor clot growth due to bubble coalescence not only in the flow direction, but also in the radial direction. In addition, existing liquid sublayer thickness calculation methods were compared to account for the thinning of the liquid sublayer due to the vapor clot growth. The proposed model was verified with a dataset consisting of 126 data points covering the following operational ranges: pressure 1.01–1.13 bar, mass flux 853–15,120 kg / m 2 s , exit quality –0.125 to –0.006, inlet subcooling 8–80 K, channel width 4–22 mm, channel gap 1–6.35 mm, heated length 50–305 mm, and turbulent upward flow. The developed model showed good prediction performance with a 32.47% RMS error, which is the lowest error compared to existing liquid sublayer dryout models developed for circular channels.

Published
2021
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48. Measuring KS0K± interactions using Pb–Pb collisions at sNN=2.76 TeV

Author

Mauro Rogerio Cosentino, Juan Carlos Cabanillas Noris, Pietro Cortese, Krzysztof Redlich, Sami Sakari Rasanen, Ashutosh Pandey, Fabio Filippo Colamaria, Chaosong Gao, Saikat Biswas, Rafael Peretti Pezzi, H. Borel, Alexei Khanzadeev, Lukas Tropp, A. Fernández Téllez, Horst Sebastian Scheid, Natalia Kondratyeva, Mateusz Andrzej Ploskon, Sibaliso Mhlanga, S. Schuchmann, Jubin Mitra, Archana Sharma, M. Martinez Pedreira, K. Schweda, S. Sadovsky, Christopher Hills, A. J. Rubio Montero, Hui Zhang, Domenico Colella, Hans Peter Beck, Anders Garritt Knospe, L. V. Malinina, D. Peresunko, Kirill Voloshin, Andrea Alici, C. de Conti, Alexandru Bercuci, M. E. Connors, Boris Batyunya, Cristiane Jahnke, Vladimir Samsonov, Christine Nattrass, Iouri Belikov, Thomas Dietel, E. Stenlund, Lukasz Kamil Graczykowski, D. W. Kim, Dai-Mei Zhou, Roman Lietava, P. Crochet, Chengxin Zhao, Basanta Kumar Nandi, Svein Lindal, Rishat Sultanov, Ping Yang, Filippo Costa, Michael Linus Knichel, J. L. Charvet, Eugen Mudnic, Christopher Daniel Anson, You Zhou, Linda Vickovic, Yonghong Zhang, Kristin Fanebust Hetland, Svetlana Kushpil, Rathijit Biswas, I. León Monzón, Jozef Ferencei, Suharyo Sumowidagdo, Gualtiero Volpe, Salvatore Aiola, B. K. Srivastava, Jorn Henning Putschke, Lee Stuart Barnby, Yves Roland Schutz, Teodor Siemiarczuk, C. Cicalo, A. A. Capon, D. Watanabe, Sohail Musa Mahmood, M. H. P. Sas, N. Zaviyalov, A. Gomez Ramirez, Uzma Tabassam, Min Jung Kweon, Leo Clifford Greiner, Mohammad Ahmad Saleh, Raymond James Ehlers, Federica Sozzi, Vladimir Nikulin, D. Domenicis Gimenez, J. Pluta, Piero Giubilato, Alexander Akindinov, Vicente González, David Dobrigkeit Chinellato, Dmitry Blau, C. Roy, J. Castillo Castellanos, Xavier Bernard Lopez, Jaroslav Bielcik, Elena Rogochaya, Naghmeh Mohammadi, Joel Anthony Mazer, Cristian Andrei, Venelin Anguelov, Eliane Epple, M. Keil, Jamila Bashir Butt, Y. Sibiriak, Boris Hippolyte, Tomas Vanat, Evgeny Ryabinkin, Guy Paic, Sergey Gorbunov, R. T. Jimenez Bustamante, S. Vigolo, Linus Feldkamp, Andres Sandoval, Christophe Furget, Jean Willy Andre Cleymans, Volker Lindenstruth, Barbara Antonina Trzeciak, Aditya Nath Mishra, Roberto Divia, Dimitry Aleksandrov, S. Porteboeuf-Houssais, Konstantin Munning, Sarita Sahoo, Yvonne Chiara Pachmayer, Rune Langøy, Roberta Arnaldi, Mohd Danish Azmi, J. Wiechula, Beomsu Chang, Corey James Myers, Peter Malzacher, R. Orava, David Olle Rickard Silvermyr, Yongwook Baek, C. Oppedisano, Alexandru Florin Dobrin, Dhananjaya Thakur, Sang Un Ahn, Alexander Deisting, Ilya Selyuzhenkov, P. I. Loenne, Martin Schmidt, Barbara Guerzoni, Peter Christiansen, Valentina Zaccolo, Tatiana Drozhzhova, Catalin-Lucian Ristea, Hans Rudolf Schmidt, Sean Murray, J. Mercado Pérez, P. La Rocca, Alberto Caliva, Jan Wagner, S. P. Sorensen, Dezso Varga, Andrew John Lowe, V. Grigoriev, Y. Corrales Morales, Lukas Gruber, Christian Holm Christensen, Matthias Bonora, Gilda Scioli, Z. Buthelezi, Livio Bianchi, L. Cunqueiro, Sumit Kumar Saha, Benjamin Audurier, Federico Cindolo, Daniel Michael Muhlheim, Silvia Arcelli, Alex Henri Jean Chauvin, D. De Gruttola, T. Antičić, Richa Gupta, Anton Andronic, D. Vranic, Vitaly Loginov, Lidia Maria Gorlich, Kenneth Francis Read, Jussi Samuli Viinikainen, Dmitry Finogeev, Igor Lakomov, Kohei Terasaki, Tomas Wilhelm Snellman, J. Zhu, C. Garabatos, T. Peitzmann, G. Boca, In-kwon Yoo, Pranjal Sarma, Akihide Nobuhiro, Tomoya Tsuji, Stefania Bufalino, Mihai Petrovici, Ara Grigoryan, Germano Bonomi, Jacek Tomasz Otwinowski, Alexander Mamonov, E. Spiriti, Christian Claude Kuhn, Erwann Masson, Benjamin Donigus, D. Elia, Bernd Stefan Windelband, M. Mohisin Khan, Jan Hladky, P. H. S. Y. Jayarathna, Antoine Xavier Lardeux, Podist Kurashvili, Jinjin Pan, A. K. Bhati, Toralf Bernhard Skaali, Miroslaw Marek Kielbowicz, Michael Henry Oliver, Varlen Grabski, Emilia Leogrande, Bong-Hwi Lim, Shreyasi Acharya, H. Appelshäuser, Mohamad Tarhini, Ketil Røed, Sebastian Lehner, P. Cerello, Paolo Giubellino, Jan Jadlovsky, Ali Zaman, Baldo Sahlmuller, Marcel Araujo Silva Figueredo, A. De Caro, Dario Berzano, J. Van Der Maarel, Sumit Basu, Borge Svane Nielsen, Jacopo Margutti, Sergey Nikolaev, Helmut Oskar Oeschler, P. L. M. Podesta-Lerma, Marco Marquard, A. Di Mauro, Viktor Ratza, E. Calvo Villar, Nikita Agrawal, Rene Bellwied, Jhuma Ghosh, Sabyasachi Siddhanta, Federico Antinori, David Michael Rohr, C. Alves Garcia Prado, P. Di Nezza, Sona Pochybova, Annika Passfeld, S. Lee, Gabriele Gaetano Fronze, D. A. Moreira De Godoy, Claudiu Cornel Schiaua, G. Martínez García, B. von Haller, Andrei Ionut Herghelegiu, Heiko Engel, L. Nellen, Nikolai Smirnov, Jonatan Adolfsson, Raphael Noel Tieulent, Ganesh Jagannath Tambave, Manuel Colocci, A. Villatoro Tello, Anju Bhasin, Prakhar Garg, E. López Torres, Markus Ball, A. Kolojvari, P. González-Zamora, Arseniy Shabanov, G. A. Feofilov, Peter Braun-Munzinger, Sandra Moretto, Andrea Danu, Anastasia Maria Barbano, M. Zhalov, Stefan Kirsch, Sergey Nikulin, Artem Shangaraev, Eugenio Scapparone, Gerardus Nooren, Jan Musinsky, Ombretta Pinazza, Christian Schmidt, Stefan Thomas Heckel, Jin-Hong Park, Anik Gupta, Sanjeev Singh Sambyal, Valeriy Pozdniakov, Guillaume Batigne, Håvard Helstrup, Cristina Terrevoli, Henner Buesching, Erik Brücken, Ritsuya Hosokawa, Tyler Harrison Lutz, Fedor Guber, Constantinos Loizides, Hiroki Yokoyama, D. M. Goméz Coral, Andrey Zarochentsev, Matteo Lupi, T. K. Nayak, Eleazar Cuautle, Bruno Alessandro, Priyanka Sett, Ashik Ikbal Sheikh, Igor Diakonov, Jana Crkovská, E. Nappi, Susan L. Swain, Lucas Altenkamper, Ajay Kumar Dash, E. Fragiacomo, Fabian Pliquett, Mikolaj Krzewicki, Shaji Kumar, Mesut Arslandok, Madan M. Aggarwal, B. Di Ruzza, S. L. La Pointe, Lucina Gabriela Espinoza Beltran, Alexander Kluge, Paolo Camerini, Jan Cabala, Gennady Zinovjev, J. Porter, Hao Wang, Sergey Voloshin, D. Miśkowiec, Florian Herrmann, Monika Joanna Jakubowska, G. V. Margagliotti, Ionel Stan, H. Caines, Sudhir Raniwala, Antonio Uras, Tatiana Karavicheva, Sadhana Dash, Elisa Meninno, H. Pereira Da Costa, Ian Gardner Bearden, Alessandra Lattuca, Jochen Klein, Volodymyr Yurchenko, Antonija Utrobicic, Renu Bala, Myunggeun Song, W. J. Llope, C. Hadjidakis, Bogdan Theodor Rascanu, Dieter Røhrich, M. Konyushikhin, David H. Evans, M. Masera, Lucia Leardini, Alexey Kuryakin, Raffaele Grosso, Alberto Masoni, Subikash Choudhury, E. A. R. Casula, Vladyslav Litichevskyi, Trine Spedstad Tveter, Bharati Naik, Katie Leanne Graham, Johann Zmeskal, K. Shtejer, Sven Gotovac, Miljenko Suljic, Zabulon Vilakazi, Roman Lavicka, Christoph Blume, Andrzej Rybicki, Piotr Jan Gasik, Ivan Kisel, Shuaib Ahmad Khan, Oliver Werner Arnold, Y. Sekiguchi, A. B. Kurepin, Dirk Hutter, Y. Pestov, Peter Kalinak, Zubayer Ahammed, Nima Zardoshti, Philippe Pillot, Baidyanath Sahoo, Adam Tomasz Matyja, Inayat Rasool Bhat, G. Tejeda Muñoz, Sanjib Muhuri, P. Roy, Dimitar Lubomirov Mihaylov, Arturo Alejandro Menchaca-Rocha, Filimon Roukoutakis, Audrey Francisco, Vikas Singhal, Ralf Keidel, Maciej Slupecki, Johan Alme, Luciano Ramello, Alice Zimmermann, Jose Luis Bazo Alba, H.B. Kim, L. Aphecetche, Ernst Hellbar, F. Carena, Markus Bernhard Zimmermann, Taku Gunji, Bedangadas Mohanty, James Declan Mulligan, Vit Kucera, Kosei Yamakawa, Ciprian Mihai Mitu, T. J. Humanic, Sandro Christian Wenzel, Antonino Zichichi, Luciano Musa, Andreas Michael Mathis, Prabhat Ranjan Pujahari, Alexis Jean-michel Mas, Valery Punin, Marianna Mazzilli, Peter Strmen, Wisla Carena, Martino Gagliardi, Adriana Telesca, V. Lenti, Felix Reidt, Rudiger Haake, Stefano Trogolo, V. Chibante Barroso, Caterina Deplano, Raghunath Sahoo, Lilit Karayan, S. Vergara Limón, Nilmoni Sarkar, Vladimir Vechernin, Nirbhay Kumar Behera, Peter Levai, Peter Zahariev Hristov, Ken Oyama, Marcelo Gameiro Munhoz, Valerie Ramillien Barret, M. Rodríguez Cahuantzi, K. Šafařík, Preeti Dhankher, D. L. Mihaylov, Fiorella Fionda, Harry Arthur Andrews, Meike Charlotte Danisch, Esther Bartsch, Zhuo Zhou, Valeria Muccifora, Fatiha Lehas, Sampo Saarinen, Barbara Ewa Erazmus, Sebastian Klewin, Z. Yin, Syaefudin Jaelani, Peter Chochula, Wanchaloem Poonsawat, Y. F. Ryabov, A. G. Bogdanov, Mikhail Malaev, Paolo Bartalini, Diego Stocco, M. O. Schmidt, Jitendra Kumar, Davide Francesco Lodato, Ulrich Fuchs, Corrado Gargiulo, Manoj Bhanudas Jadhav, D. Di Bari, S. Esumi, H. Natal da Luz, Serhiy Senyukov, M. A. Diaz Corchero, S. A. Iga Buitron, Mohammad Tariq, A. Nedosekin, Xinye Peng, Kristjan Herlache Gulbrandsen, Charalampos Kouzinopoulos, O. Villalobos Baillie, Christian Lippmann, Luis Gustavo Pereira, J. W. Van Hoorne, R. A. Ricci, M. Irfan, Y. Mao, S. U. Chung, D. S. Hwang, Kunal Garg, Anton Alkin, Andrea Dubla, R. Varma, Vladimir Kaplin, Oliver Busch, A. S. Gonzalez, V. Petrov, T. Chowdhury, Laura Fabbietti, Christophe Pierre Suire, Mukesh Sharma, Xiangrong Zhu, A. Feliciello, Patrick Simon Reichelt, Johannes Peter Wessels, Sergey Nazarenko, A. Karasu Uysal, Jurgen Schukraft, V. P. Kondratiev, Øystein Djuvsland, Ivan Vorobyev, Vytautas Vislavicius, Alessandro Grelli, Theo Alexander Broker, G. S. Pappalardo, P. G. Kuijer, Wladyslaw Henryk Trzaska, Madalina-Gabriela Tarzila, Gergely Gabor Barnafoldi, J. S. Kim, Raimond Snellings, Marek Kowalski, Y. Watanabe, Vladimir Belyaev, J. T. Blair, J. de Cuveland, Massimiliano Marchisone, G. Puddu, Daiki Sekihata, M. Kim, E. Perez Lezama, Ajay Kumar, A. Szczepankiewicz, Yue Shi Lai, Erin Frances Gauger, Deepa Thomas, P. Rosnet, Andrey Reshetin, Sukalyan Chattopadhyay, Marcello Lunardon, Vladimir Izucheev, Ionut Cristian Arsene, M. C. S. Williams, E. G. Ferreiro, Arturo Tauro, Ashpreet Kaur Duggal, Soyeon Cho, Adrian Sevcenco, Stefano Panebianco, Premomoy Ghosh, M. A. Lisa, Gyula Bencedi, Tuva Ora Herenui Richert, Siegfried Valentin Foertsch, Luca Barioglio, Brigitte Cheynis, Marton Vargyas, Federico Ronchetti, Giuseppe Simonetti, Andre Mischke, Ivan Ravasenga, Ralf Peter Averbeck, S. Beole, C. Lagana Fernandes, S. K. Ghosh, D. Budnikov, Oleg Karavichev, S. De Pasquale, Jai Samuel Nielsen Salzwedel, M. Cherney, J.A. Mares, Martin Poghosyan, J. L. Klay, A. R. Reolon, A. Rustamov, Satyabrata Kar, Victor Trubnikov, Amrendra Narayan, Barbara Jacak, Julius Maximilian Gronefeld, Julien Faivre, Matti Mikael Mieskolainen, Thomas Michael Cormier, Grazia Luparello, J. Saini, Konstantin Mikhaylov, J. A. L. Martinez, K. Barth, Paraskevi Ganoti, Natasha Sharma, Mikhail Ippolitov, Natalia Zhigareva, Anisa Khatun, L. V. V. Doremalen, Iwona Anna Sputowska, Nur Hussain, Supriya Das, Artur Furs, Lokesh Kumar, Carsten Klein, D. J. Kim, Jihyun Bhom, Muhammad Umair Naru, Maitreyee Mukherjee, S. W. Lindsay, Vladislav Manko, A. M. Gago, Tatsuya Chujo, Ewa Gladysz-dziadus, Jan Rak, Jesse Thomas Buxton, Andrey Vasiliev, Enrico Scomparin, Hideki Hamagaki, Hua Pei, Zhiqing Zhang, Raphaelle Marie Bailhache, Ermanno Vercellin, Ken Suzuki, Anselmo Margotti, Alessandro Ferretti, M. A. Mazzoni, Artem Konevskikh, Tahir Hussain, Pradip Kumar Sahu, Fabrizio Grosa, Rosario Turrisi, Rosario Nania, Debojit Sarkar, Paul Alois Buhler, Jung-Il Song, Alexander Philipp Kalweit, Michal Kopcik, R. Russo, A. De Falco, Andile Mothegi Whitehead, Danilo Silva De Albuquerque, Mihai Niculescu, Michael Wang, Shuguang Zou, Ejiro Naomi Umaka, Johannes Lehrbach, M. van Leeuwen, Matteo Concas, Xing Long Li, Jaime Norman, Y. J. Kwon, Rahul Ramachandran Nair, Yu. V. Kharlov, Kirill Lapidus, Vladimir Peskov, Petra Loncar, A. C. Oliveira Da Silva, Nicola Bianchi, Amalia Pop, Rachid Guernane, Chitrasen Jena, Imrich Szarka, Nicole Bastid, Pooja Pareek, Aleksey M. Tikhonov, Janet Elizabeth Seger, Satyajit Jena, M. Bombara, P. Vande Vyvre, Tsubasa Okubo, Sonia Parmar, Evgeny Kondratyuk, Peter Glassel, R. N. Singaraju, Andrea Francescon, Bernhard Hohlweger, Christian Bourjau, Franco Meddi, Franck Manso, Hiroshi Murakami, Xiaowen Ren, Chinorat Kobdaj, Attiq Ur Rehman, Ki-Seok Choi, Motoi Inaba, G. de Cataldo, V. J. G. Feuillard, Vojtech Pacik, Francesco Noferini, Francesco Barile, Irais Bautista Guzman, A. Maire, Anton Jusko, Leonid Vinogradov, Gabor Kiss, Ankhi Roy, Dimitra Andreou, Austin Vincent Harton, Jørgen André Lien, Alexandre Shabetai, Goran Simatovic, C. Lara, Sudipan De, Jin Hee Yoon, Z. Conesa del Valle, Dong Jo Kim, Alessandra Fantoni, Angela Badala, F. Scarlassara, Joakim Nystrand, Hartmut Hillemanns, Ivan Kralik, Miroslav Pikna, Maximiliano Puccio, Mario Sitta, T. Kollegger, A. Baldisseri, M. Kofarago, Latchezar Betev, William Edward Witt, Hendrik Poppenborg, Maria Vasileiou, A. M. Rossi, Johanna Stachel, Katarina Krizkova Gajdosova, J. Bartke, N. Grion, Adela Kravcakova, Matej Oravec, J. H. Kang, Alexander Borissov, J. J. Gaardhøje, Dmitry Mal'kevich, Anand Kumar Dubey, Hans Martin Ljunggren, Nicolo Jacazio, Michelangelo Agnello, Hongbo Zhu, Petra Riedler, Oleksandr Kovalenko, Bruno Espagnon, V. Paticchio, Vladimir Kovalenko, A. A. Vinogradov, Julien Charles Hamon, Michal Meres, Tiziano Virgili, Markus Fasel, Redmer Alexander Bertens, Sanchari Thakur, Julian Wojciech Myrcha, Panagiotis Christakoglou, P. W. Stankus, Xuan Zhang, Guido Alexander Willems, Satoshi Yano, Mais Kazim Oglu Suleymanov, Laurent Ducroux, Wadut Shaikh, Cvetan Valeriev Cheshkov, Radiy Ilkaev, Surya Prakash Pathak, Rainer Arno Ernst Renfordt, Andrew Michael Kubera, Petr Nomokonov, G. Koyithatta Meethaleveedu, Michal Broz, Philipp Johannes Luettig, C. Ceballos Sanchez, Giuseppe Trombetta, Pragati Sahoo, Daniel Berenyi, H. Bello Martinez, Alberto Rotondi, Sk Noor Alam, L. O. D. L. Pimentel, Paolo Martinengo, Igor Pshenichnov, Fouad Rami, I. Das, G. Conesa Balbastre, Peter Martin Jacobs, David Horak, Rashmi Raniwala, Nicole Alice Martin, Yuri Melikyan, Olja Dordic, Catherine Micaela Silvestre, E. M. Fiore, O. Vazquez Doce, Steffen Georg Weber, Anthony Robert Timmins, Adam Ryszard Kisiel, Jeremy John Wilkinson, R. D. De Souza, Jon Christopher Wikne, L. A. P. Moreno, Christoph Mayer, Giacomo Bruno, Charles E. Hughes, Agneta Oskarsson, Sebastian Hornung, Claude Andre Pruneau, Roberto Barbera, Robert Helmut Munzer, U. Frankenfeld, R. D. Majka, Debasish Das, D. L. D. Keijdener, T. P. Sinha, Jan Figiel, F. Soramel, D. Hatzifotiadou, Predrag Buncic, Laszlo Boldizsar, J. Takahashi, Costin Grigoras, Leonardo Milano, Benjamin Andreas Hess, S. Li, Elena Botta, Hanna Paulina Zbroszczyk, Kgotlaesele Senosi, Michal Sumbera, A. A. P. Suaide, M. Basile, Hadi Hassan, Slavka Jadlovska, Ranbir Singh, Simon Voigt Nesbø, Mandeep Kour, Ramona Lea, Paola Gianotti, Jovan Milosevic, Toru Sugitate, Michele Floris, L. Lazaridis, Krzysztof Marek Sielewicz, Evgeny Karpechev, Malgorzata Anna Janik, Annelies Marianne Veen, Vito Manzari, Arvind Khuntia, Jongsik Eum, Viktor Riabov, Rajendra Nath Patra, Serpil Yalcin, Saehanseul Oh, Sergey Filchagin, Marco Bregant, Janusz Oleniacz, Y. Berdnikov, Boris Teyssier, F. Carnesecchi, M. Gallio, Ana Vargas, Danthasinghe Piyarathna, G. Aglieri Rinella, Cristina Bedda, E. Montes, F. Prino, B. Polichtchouk, A. J. Castro, Elisa Laudi, R. A. Negrao De Oliveira, M. An, Jacobus Onderwaater, Susanna Costanza, Edmundo Javier Garcia-Solis, Nikola Poljak, Torsten Dahms, Alexander Szabo, Filip Krizek, Emily Jade Willsher, Branislav Sitar, Astrid Vauthier, Ranjit Nayak, Elena Bruna, Bastian Bathen, I. Cortés Maldonado, Ana Maria Marin, C. Zhang, Eric Endress, Annalisa Mastroserio, Jan Fiete Grosse-Oetringhaus, M. Nicassio, B. Ketzer, Sidharth Kumar Prasad, Arild Velure, Omar Vazquez Rueda, Kjetil Ullaland, N. De Marco, Klaus Johannes Reygers, Astrid Morreale, Igor Altsybeev, Sibaji Raha, Filip Erhardt, Dominik Voscek, Chiara Zampolli, Davide Pagano, Seyong Kim, Laszlo Olah, Francesco Riggi, Panagiota Foka, Marko Jercic, Udo Wolfgang Kebschull, Pascal Dupieux, Andrea Dainese, Sergey Fokin, Torsten Alt, Michal Sefcik, Biswarup Paul, Werner Riegler, A. Batista Camejo, Jeremi Niedziela, M. Weber, Paolo Pagano, Sonia Rajput, V. Petráček, Ruben Shahoyan, F. Bock, Janka Vrlakova, T.H. Kim, Alberica Toia, Magnus Mager, W. J. Park, Pietro Antonioli, Luisa Cifarelli, Petr Zavada, Deepika Rathee, R. P. Scharenberg, Christina Markert, Przemyslaw Stefan Rokita, Paul Christoph Bätzing, A. Rakotozafindrabe, G. Hamar, J. H. Kim, Yasuo Miake, Sinjini Chandra, Palash Khan, Davide Caffarri, A. Ortiz Velasquez, Stefano Bagnasco, M. V. Ivanov, J. G. Contreras, Sylvain Chapeland, Rinaldo Rui, Qiye Shou, M. Fusco Girard, Sergey Evdokimov, Alberto Collu, Samrangy Sadhu, Carlos Duarte Galvan, Naoto Tanaka, Buddhadeb Bhattacharjee, Boris Wagner, Chiara Bianchin, Tyler Allen Browning, Shinichi Hayashi, Alla Maevskaya, M. I. Martínez, Mirko Planinic, Vladimir Ivanov, G. L. Usai, Stefano Piano, Sourav Kundu, Pascal Dillenseger, S. Mahajan, Prabhakar Palni, Vardanush Papikyan, R. Alfaro Molina, R. Scott, Marielle Chartier, C. Petta, Dagmar Adamová, Marian Krivda, Grzegorz Andrzej Wilk, Matthias Richter, Ante Bilandzic, G. Herrera Corral, Lawrence Pinsky, D. B. Rana, Sergey Kiselev, Andreas Morsch, Shingo Sakai, Uwe Westerhoff, J. W. Harris, A. Rachevski, Silvia Masciocchi, Kenta Shigaki, Renaud Vernet, C. Klein-Bösing, A. S. Nyanin, F. Bellini, Giulio Eulisse, Kishora Nayak, Kilian Eberhard Schwarz, Hermann Franz Degenhardt, Dennis Franz Weiser, Martin Andreas Volkl, H. J. C. Zanoli, Evgeny Kryshen, Vladimir V. Isakov, Roberto Preghenella, Marek Chojnacki, E. Serradilla, Marie Germain, Sebastian Rosado Navarro, Alice Elisabeth Ohlson, Marcello Borri, Alexander Vodopyanov, Alexandr Tumkin, N. Ahmad, Rafay Anwar, Sushanta Tripathy, Fabian Ng, Roy Crawford Lemmon, Andrea Festanti, Jana Bielcikova, Robert Vertesi, Bjarte Kileng, Rama Chandra Baral, Peter Graham Jones, Smbat Grigoryan, Rainer Martin Schicker, Andrzej Deloff, J. Book, Andre Augustinus, and Martin Vala

Subjects
Quantum chromodynamics, Physics, Coupling, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Large Hadron Collider, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Radius, 01 natural sciences, Resonance (particle physics), Particle identification, Nuclear physics, Diquark, Hadron physics, 0103 physical sciences, Statistical analysis, Tetraquark, 010306 general physics
Abstract

We present the first measurements of femtoscopic correlations between the KS0 and K± particles in pp collisions at s=7 TeV measured by the ALICE experiment. The observed femtoscopic correlations are consistent with final-state interactions proceeding solely via the a0(980) resonance. The extracted kaon source radius and correlation strength parameters for KS0K− are found to be equal within the experimental uncertainties to those for KS0K+ . Results of the present study are compared with those from identical-kaon femtoscopic studies also performed with pp collisions at s=7 TeV by ALICE and with a KS0K± measurement in Pb–Pb collisions at sNN=2.76 TeV. Combined with the Pb–Pb results, our pp analysis is found to be compatible with the interpretation of the a0(980) having a tetraquark structure instead of that of a diquark.

Published
2017
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49. Onset of Nucleate Boiling in narrow, rectangular channel for downward flow under low pressure

Author

Juhyung Lee, Yong Hoon Jeong, Jung Hyun Song, and Soon Heung Chang

Subjects
Mass flux, Materials science, Critical heat flux, 020209 energy, Flow (psychology), Thermodynamics, 02 engineering and technology, Mechanics, Nuclear reactor, 01 natural sciences, 010305 fluids & plasmas, law.invention, Superheating, Nuclear Energy and Engineering, Heat flux, law, Boiling, 0103 physical sciences, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Nucleate boiling
Abstract

Bubble nucleation itself is less important safety issue for nuclear reactor, but it can easily lead to critical thermal-hydraulic events such as OFI (Onset of Fluid Instability) or CHF (Critical Heat Flux) when a research reactor operates under atmospheric conditions. Thus, the ONB (Onset of Nucleate Boiling) margin for normal operation in research reactor is recommended. In the IAEA-TECDOC-233 report (IAEA, 1980), the ONB margin for a research reactor is recommended as well. Although the ONB margin in a research reactor is emphasized for such reasons, only a few experiments have been performed for downward flow direction in a narrow, rectangular channel. In addition, several existing ONB prediction correlations are arguably applicable to the flow boiling condition in the narrow rectangular channel because most of them are developed based on Hsu’s model, which was developed in the pool boiling cases. In the study, ONB experiments for various inlet temperature conditions and mass flux conditions were performed with increasing heat flux step by step. Based on experimental data, the effect of inlet temperature and mass flux on the wall superheat and heat flux at ONB was investigated. In addition, existing ONB prediction correlations were evaluated for predicting wall superheat and heat flux at ONB based on the experimental data. A new ONB prediction correlation was then developed for better-evaluation and was compared with other correlations.

Published
2017
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50. Linear and non-linear flow mode in Pb–Pb collisions at sNN=2.76 TeV

Author

Marco Marquard, Dmitry Blau, C. Roy, J. L. Charvet, Min Jung Kweon, M. Keil, Sergey Gorbunov, Alexander Akindinov, Vicente González, R. T. Jimenez Bustamante, Rafael Peretti Pezzi, H. Borel, M. Martinez Pedreira, K. Schweda, Tomas Wilhelm Snellman, S. Vigolo, Franco Meddi, Franck Manso, Linus Feldkamp, Andres Sandoval, Chinorat Kobdaj, Sudipan De, M. E. Connors, F. Bock, A. Maire, Linda Vickovic, Jinjin Pan, Rune Langøy, Roberta Arnaldi, Anton Jusko, Yonghong Zhang, Ivan Kralik, Miroslav Pikna, Z. Conesa del Valle, Mario Sitta, A. K. Bhati, Leo Clifford Greiner, Mohammad Ahmad Saleh, Dong Jo Kim, Alexandru Florin Dobrin, Dhananjaya Thakur, David Dobrigkeit Chinellato, Gennady Zinovjev, Sadhana Dash, Eleazar Cuautle, Alexander Deisting, Dieter Røhrich, David Olle Rickard Silvermyr, B. Di Ruzza, Matej Oravec, Sean Murray, Jan Wagner, Martin Schmidt, K. Shtejer, Barbara Guerzoni, Peter Christiansen, Katie Leanne Graham, Johann Zmeskal, Nikolai Smirnov, Pietro Cortese, Paolo Giubellino, T. Peitzmann, Raphael Noel Tieulent, Markus Ball, Luciano Musa, Matthias Bonora, Gilda Scioli, G. Boca, Michal Meres, Tiziano Virgili, Markus Fasel, Alberica Toia, Sebastian Klewin, S. Schuchmann, Nicolo Jacazio, Michelangelo Agnello, T. K. Nayak, Magnus Mager, Akihide Nobuhiro, Peter Chochula, A. S. Gonzalez, T. Chowdhury, T. Antičić, Richa Gupta, Pietro Antonioli, Peter Kalinak, Valery Punin, Marianna Mazzilli, Adriana Telesca, Christophe Pierre Suire, Mukesh Sharma, Vladimir Izucheev, Manuel Colocci, A. Villatoro Tello, Sven Gotovac, Zabulon Vilakazi, Z. Buthelezi, Luisa Cifarelli, Chiara Zampolli, E. López Torres, A. Kolojvari, C. Alves Garcia Prado, Alexei Khanzadeev, Cristiane Jahnke, Sona Pochybova, Livio Bianchi, Anik Gupta, L. Cunqueiro, Lucina Gabriela Espinoza Beltran, Caterina Deplano, Florian Herrmann, Roman Lavicka, Arturo Alejandro Menchaca-Rocha, Vladimir Belyaev, J. T. Blair, Sanjib Muhuri, P. Roy, Sumit Kumar Saha, Benjamin Audurier, Federico Cindolo, Zhuo Zhou, Gabor Biro, Naghmeh Mohammadi, Satoshi Yano, D. M. Goméz Coral, Andrey Zarochentsev, L. Aphecetche, Ernst Hellbar, E. Stenlund, Alla Maevskaya, Andreas Michael Mathis, Prabhat Ranjan Pujahari, Peter Strmen, Daniel Berenyi, Ionut Cristian Arsene, M. C. S. Williams, Oleg Karavichev, Arturo Tauro, C. Hadjidakis, Bogdan Theodor Rascanu, Christophe Furget, Jean Willy Andre Cleymans, Volker Lindenstruth, A. Di Mauro, Peter Braun-Munzinger, Sanjeev Singh Sambyal, Valeriy Pozdniakov, Nilmoni Sarkar, Vladimir Vechernin, Erwann Masson, Marko Jercic, Soyeon Cho, Julius Maximilian Gronefeld, Lukasz Kamil Graczykowski, M. I. Martínez, Barbara Antonina Trzeciak, Krzysztof Redlich, Sami Sakari Rasanen, Ashutosh Pandey, Jubin Mitra, Paolo Martinengo, L. Nellen, Rajendra Nath Patra, Serpil Yalcin, A. B. Kurepin, Robert Helmut Munzer, Rosario Nania, S. De Pasquale, M. Masera, D. W. Kim, Jose Luis Bazo Alba, Nima Zardoshti, Philippe Pillot, Mirko Planinic, Baidyanath Sahoo, Chengxin Zhao, Susanna Costanza, Jonatan Adolfsson, Christian Schmidt, Kristjan Herlache Gulbrandsen, H.B. Kim, Charalampos Kouzinopoulos, E. Calvo Villar, O. Vazquez Doce, Anthony Robert Timmins, Adam Ryszard Kisiel, M. Mohisin Khan, Ejiro Naomi Umaka, Saehanseul Oh, Ashik Ikbal Sheikh, Borge Svane Nielsen, Rudiger Haake, Aleksey M. Tikhonov, R. D. De Souza, Edmundo Javier Garcia-Solis, Håvard Helstrup, Basanta Kumar Nandi, Ranjit Nayak, Svein Lindal, Tatsuya Chujo, Teodor Siemiarczuk, Bastian Bathen, Alexander Szabo, Filip Krizek, Satyajit Jena, Emily Jade Willsher, M. Bombara, E. A. R. Casula, Ralf Keidel, Stefano Trogolo, Rishat Sultanov, J. Mercado Pérez, P. La Rocca, Stefan Kirsch, Sergey Nikulin, Ping Yang, Alberto Caliva, Marian Krivda, Christopher Daniel Anson, Johannes Peter Wessels, Kunal Garg, Branislav Sitar, Biswarup Paul, Ritsuya Hosokawa, Tyler Harrison Lutz, Martin Vala, Fedor Guber, D. S. Hwang, Piotr Jan Gasik, V. J. G. Feuillard, S. Sadovsky, Christopher Hills, Domenico Colella, S. P. Sorensen, Dezso Varga, Andrew John Lowe, Sidharth Kumar Prasad, Constantinos Loizides, A. Feliciello, Kristin Fanebust Hetland, Svetlana Kushpil, Patrick Simon Reichelt, Sergey Nazarenko, Costin Grigoras, Leonardo Milano, Annalisa Mastroserio, Alex Henri Jean Chauvin, D. De Gruttola, Arild Velure, Omar Vazquez Rueda, Bharati Naik, Y. Pestov, Jan Fiete Grosse-Oetringhaus, M. Nicassio, Vikas Singhal, David Michael Rohr, Alice Zimmermann, Dimitra Andreou, Austin Vincent Harton, Lilit Karayan, Antonino Zichichi, S. Vergara Limón, Maximiliano Puccio, Peter Levai, Wanchaloem Poonsawat, Y. F. Ryabov, Kjetil Ullaland, Vladimir Samsonov, N. De Marco, A. Szczepankiewicz, Artem Shangaraev, A. Batista Camejo, Sibaliso Mhlanga, Francesco Riggi, Jeremi Niedziela, M. Weber, Alexandru Bercuci, Igor Altsybeev, Davide Pagano, Fiorella Maria Celeste Fionda, Vladimir Ivanov, Igor Lakomov, Felix Reidt, Rathijit Biswas, I. León Monzón, Luca Barioglio, Brigitte Cheynis, Carsten Klein, Marcelo Gameiro Munhoz, Jozef Ferencei, Jan Cabala, Benjamin Donigus, Valeria Muccifora, A. G. Bogdanov, Paolo Pagano, D. J. Kim, Panagiota Foka, V. Chibante Barroso, Seyong Kim, Gergely Gabor Barnafoldi, Raghunath Sahoo, Laszlo Olah, Grzegorz Andrzej Wilk, Matthias Richter, Federico Antinori, Daniel Michael Muhlheim, Raimond Snellings, Antonio Uras, Elisa Meninno, Mihai Petrovici, C. Cicalo, Valerie Ramillien Barret, Jhuma Ghosh, A. A. Capon, Sabyasachi Siddhanta, Sonia Rajput, V. Petráček, Ruben Shahoyan, H. Pereira Da Costa, Janka Vrlakova, D. Watanabe, Christine Nattrass, Helmut Oskar Oeschler, Gerardus Nooren, Jan Musinsky, Vladimir Kaplin, Ombretta Pinazza, Hiroki Yokoyama, Vytautas Vislavicius, Ara Grigoryan, D. Elia, Marek Kowalski, Jihyun Bhom, Hideki Hamagaki, G. L. Usai, Tuva Ora Herenui Richert, Bernd Stefan Windelband, Ken Suzuki, Anselmo Margotti, Varlen Grabski, Michal Sefcik, Serhiy Senyukov, Udo Wolfgang Kebschull, F. Soramel, Pascal Dupieux, Andrea Dainese, Shaji Kumar, M. A. Diaz Corchero, S. A. Iga Buitron, Mohammad Tariq, Oliver Busch, Tomas Vanat, L. A. P. Moreno, Christoph Mayer, Guy Paic, Jacek Tomasz Otwinowski, Zhanna Khabanova, Oliver Werner Arnold, Uzma Tabassam, Werner Riegler, T.H. Kim, Tomoya Tsuji, Arseniy Shabanov, Sergey Fokin, Mais Kazim Oglu Suleymanov, I-K. Yoo, Laurent Ducroux, Pragati Sahoo, Evgeny Karpechev, U. Frankenfeld, G. Aglieri Rinella, Jana Crkovská, Mesut Arslandok, Ewa Gladysz-dziadus, Jan Rak, Ante Bilandzic, Sk Noor Alam, G. Herrera Corral, Y. Sekiguchi, Inayat Rasool Bhat, Petr Zavada, Y. Watanabe, Rahul Ramachandran Nair, G. de Cataldo, M. A. Lisa, Gyula Bencedi, Chaosong Gao, Saikat Biswas, Benjamin Andreas Hess, V. Petrov, Lawrence Pinsky, Alberto Masoni, F. Carena, Deepika Rathee, R. P. Scharenberg, Christina Markert, Øystein Djuvsland, Catherine Micaela Silvestre, Emilia Leogrande, Bong-Hwi Lim, Eugen Mudnic, Torsten Alt, Alessandra Fantoni, Archana Sharma, Angela Badala, Yu. V. Kharlov, S. K. Ghosh, Viktor Ratza, Taku Gunji, S. Lee, Sergey Filchagin, Marco Bregant, E. M. Fiore, Steffen Georg Weber, Paul Christoph Bätzing, Aditya Nath Mishra, Roberto Divia, Dimitry Aleksandrov, F. Scarlassara, Cristina Bedda, S. Porteboeuf-Houssais, Andrea Alici, Anton Alkin, Przemyslaw Rokita, P. L. M. Podesta-Lerma, Gabriele Gaetano Fronze, A. Rakotozafindrabe, Hartmut Hillemanns, Adela Kravcakova, Anand Kumar Dubey, E. Montes, F. Prino, B. Polichtchouk, Dai-Mei Zhou, A. M. Gago, G. Tejeda Muñoz, Maciej Slupecki, James Declan Mulligan, T. J. Humanic, Sarita Sahoo, Yvonne Chiara Pachmayer, Myunggeun Song, W. J. Llope, Lucia Leardini, B. von Haller, Jorn Henning Putschke, J. Castillo Castellanos, Jamila Bashir Butt, Y. Sibiriak, Harry Arthur Andrews, Y. Mao, Zhiqing Zhang, D. B. Rana, Jurgen Schukraft, Sergey Kiselev, Y. J. Kwon, Paul Alois Buhler, Theo Alexander Broker, Maitreyee Mukherjee, Astrid Vauthier, K. Šafařík, Preeti Dhankher, Guido Alexander Willems, R. Russo, Ionel Stan, Mihai Niculescu, G. Hamar, J. H. Kim, Michael Wang, Hans Martin Ljunggren, Sanchari Thakur, Juan Carlos Cabanillas Noris, Yves Roland Schutz, P. W. Stankus, Sampo Saarinen, Barbara Ewa Erazmus, D. A. Moreira De Godoy, Satyabrata Kar, Mohd Danish Azmi, Victor Trubnikov, Ilya Selyuzhenkov, Peter Malzacher, C. Garabatos, Amrendra Narayan, E. Spiriti, Christian Claude Kuhn, Julien Faivre, R. Orava, Shreyasi Acharya, Raphaelle Marie Bailhache, Federica Sozzi, J. S. Kim, Ermanno Vercellin, Lukas Tropp, M. A. Mazzoni, Artem Konevskikh, A. Fernández Téllez, Horst Sebastian Scheid, Shuguang Zou, A. Baldisseri, M. Kofarago, Sang Un Ahn, Valentina Zaccolo, Meike Charlotte Danisch, Hans Rudolf Schmidt, A. De Falco, Andile Mothegi Whitehead, Yasuo Miake, Sinjini Chandra, Natalia Kondratyeva, Mateusz Andrzej Ploskon, Cristian Andrei, Andrea Dubla, Oleksandr Kovalenko, C. Ceballos Sanchez, Venelin Anguelov, Eliane Epple, D. Peresunko, Danilo Silva De Albuquerque, Kirill Voloshin, H. Appelshäuser, Mohamad Tarhini, Ketil Røed, Sebastian Lehner, R. Varma, P. Cerello, Hiroshi Murakami, Xiaowen Ren, Jacopo Margutti, Sergey Nikolaev, Prakhar Garg, Anastasia Maria Barbano, Tahir Hussain, Debojit Sarkar, Wadut Shaikh, Peter Glassel, P. Vande Vyvre, R. N. Singaraju, Christian Bourjau, Claudiu Cornel Schiaua, C. de Conti, Sandra Moretto, Andrea Danu, Tsubasa Okubo, Filippo Costa, Guillaume Batigne, Palash Khan, Sonia Parmar, Giuseppe Trombetta, G. Conesa Balbastre, Peter Martin Jacobs, M. Cherney, Matti Mikael Mieskolainen, Thomas Michael Cormier, Lokesh Kumar, J. Porter, Hao Wang, Jon Christopher Wikne, Giuseppe Simonetti, Alessandra Lattuca, Jochen Klein, Giacomo Bruno, Charles E. Hughes, Ivan Ravasenga, Eugenio Scapparone, Michael Linus Knichel, Suharyo Sumowidagdo, Matteo Lupi, Marton Vargyas, Gualtiero Volpe, Leonid Vinogradov, Gabor Kiss, Ajay Kumar Dash, Salvatore Aiola, J. Zhu, Hua Pei, Pranjal Sarma, Francesco Barile, D. Hatzifotiadou, Irais Bautista Guzman, Davide Caffarri, A. Ortiz Velasquez, Predrag Buncic, Vladyslav Litichevskyi, Trine Spedstad Tveter, Maria Vasileiou, A. M. Rossi, Andreas Morsch, Joakim Nystrand, Panagiotis Christakoglou, Shingo Sakai, Federico Ronchetti, Andre Mischke, Hendrik Poppenborg, Uwe Westerhoff, Stefano Bagnasco, M. V. Ivanov, V. Paticchio, Vladimir Kovalenko, Debasish Das, Ralf Peter Averbeck, S. Beole, C. Lagana Fernandes, B. K. Srivastava, D. L. D. Keijdener, Ivan Kisel, Ranbir Singh, Laszlo Boldizsar, J. Takahashi, Paola Gianotti, M. H. P. Sas, Raymond James Ehlers, Kirill Lapidus, Vladimir Nikulin, Xuan Zhang, G. Koyithatta Meethaleveedu, Philipp Johannes Luettig, J. G. Contreras, Boris Hippolyte, Pradip Kumar Sahu, Fabrizio Grosa, Julien Charles Hamon, Yuri Melikyan, Olja Dordic, Johanna Stachel, Katarina Krizkova Gajdosova, Simon Voigt Nesbø, Annelies Marianne Veen, Vito Manzari, N. Zaviyalov, Mandeep Kour, A. Gomez Ramirez, Sylvain Chapeland, Krzysztof Marek Sielewicz, Malgorzata Anna Janik, J. W. Harris, A. Rachevski, Konstantin Munning, Volodymyr Yurchenko, Antonija Utrobicic, Renu Bala, Igor Pshenichnov, Alexander Kluge, T. P. Sinha, Hanna Paulina Zbroszczyk, G. V. Margagliotti, Zubayer Ahammed, Christoph Blume, Boris Teyssier, Adam Tomasz Matyja, J. Wiechula, Elisa Laudi, Beomsu Chang, Corey James Myers, C. Oppedisano, Arvind Khuntia, Viktor Riabov, Andrzej Rybicki, Silvia Masciocchi, Rinaldo Rui, Tatiana Drozhzhova, Catalin-Lucian Ristea, Qiye Shou, D. Vranic, Vitaly Loginov, Dimitar Lubomirov Mihaylov, Johan Alme, Luciano Ramello, M. Fusco Girard, Lidia Maria Gorlich, Kenneth Francis Read, Sergey Evdokimov, E. Fragiacomo, Ian Gardner Bearden, Stefania Bufalino, Kenta Shigaki, I. Das, Podist Kurashvili, Renaud Vernet, C. Klein-Bösing, Jitendra Kumar, Davide Francesco Lodato, Alberto Collu, Cvetan Valeriev Cheshkov, Radiy Ilkaev, Samrangy Sadhu, Surya Prakash Pathak, Jan Figiel, N. Grion, Carlos Duarte Galvan, Naoto Tanaka, Alexey Kuryakin, Filimon Roukoutakis, Audrey Francisco, Buddhadeb Bhattacharjee, Markus Bernhard Zimmermann, A. S. Nyanin, F. Bellini, Jovan Milosevic, Boris Wagner, Vit Kucera, Kosei Yamakawa, Ciprian Mihai Mitu, Chiara Bianchin, Tyler Allen Browning, Giulio Eulisse, Kishora Nayak, Kilian Eberhard Schwarz, Esther Bartsch, Shinichi Hayashi, Mikhail Malaev, Fouad Rami, Xiangrong Zhu, Stefano Piano, Sourav Kundu, Boris Batyunya, A. Karasu Uysal, Paolo Bartalini, Pascal Dillenseger, S. Mahajan, Prabhakar Palni, D. Budnikov, Martin Poghosyan, J. L. Klay, A. R. Reolon, A. Rustamov, Barbara Jacak, Vardanush Papikyan, R. Alfaro Molina, Jung-Il Song, Alexander Philipp Kalweit, R. Scott, Marielle Chartier, H. Zhang, C. Petta, D. Domenicis Gimenez, J. Pluta, Dagmar Adamová, Michal Kopcik, Evgeny Ryabinkin, Yongwook Baek, Jussi Samuli Viinikainen, Dmitry Finogeev, K. Barth, Natasha Sharma, Mikhail Ippolitov, Rene Bellwied, Annika Passfeld, Natalia Zhigareva, Mauro Rogerio Cosentino, Monika Joanna Jakubowska, Dirk Hutter, M. Rodríguez Cahuantzi, D. L. Mihaylov, Fabio Filippo Colamaria, A. J. Rubio Montero, Hans Peter Beck, Anders Garritt Knospe, L. V. Malinina, Iouri Belikov, Thomas Dietel, Roman Lietava, P. Crochet, You Zhou, Sohail Musa Mahmood, Joel Anthony Mazer, Christian Holm Christensen, Germano Bonomi, Alexander Mamonov, Jan Jadlovsky, Sumit Basu, Andrei Ionut Herghelegiu, Heiko Engel, Cristina Terrevoli, E. Nappi, Susan L. Swain, Lucas Altenkamper, V. Lenti, Ulrich Fuchs, Corrado Gargiulo, Manoj Bhanudas Jadhav, Yue Shi Lai, Erin Frances Gauger, Premomoy Ghosh, Konstantin Mikhaylov, Anisa Khatun, Iwona Anna Sputowska, Nur Hussain, Jesse Thomas Buxton, Alessandro Ferretti, Johannes Lehrbach, Matteo Concas, Attiq Ur Rehman, Ki-Seok Choi, Motoi Inaba, Jin Hee Yoon, Ivan Vorobyev, Alessandro Grelli, Ajay Kumar, Siegfried Valentin Foertsch, J. A. L. Martinez, Muhammad Umair Naru, Xing Long Li, Jaime Norman, A. C. Oliveira Da Silva, Nicola Bianchi, Madan M. Aggarwal, Neelima Agrawal, Alexis Jean-michel Mas, Wisla Carena, Martino Gagliardi, Nirbhay Kumar Behera, D. Di Bari, S. Esumi, M. Irfan, S. U. Chung, Lee Stuart Barnby, Piero Giubilato, Xavier Bernard Lopez, Jaroslav Bielcik, Elena Rogochaya, P. I. Loenne, Anton Andronic, Jan Hladky, Baldo Sahlmuller, A. De Caro, J. Van Der Maarel, P. Di Nezza, Marcel Araujo Silva Figueredo, Dario Berzano, Anju Bhasin, G. A. Feofilov, M. Zhalov, Fabian Pliquett, Mikolaj Krzewicki, Raffaele Grosso, Miljenko Suljic, Shuaib Ahmad Khan, Vojtech Pacik, Francesco Noferini, T. Kollegger, J. H. Kang, Alexander Borissov, Michal Broz, H. Bello Martinez, Alberto Rotondi, Nicole Alice Martin, R. D. Majka, Slavka Jadlovska, A. Nedosekin, Xinye Peng, O. Villalobos Baillie, Christian Lippmann, Luis Gustavo Pereira, J. W. Van Hoorne, R. A. Ricci, V. P. Kondratiev, S. W. Lindsay, Andrey Vasiliev, Enrico Scomparin, Pooja Pareek, Janet Elizabeth Seger, Andrea Francescon, Bernhard Hohlweger, L. O. D. L. Pimentel, Jeremy John Wilkinson, Agneta Oskarsson, Janusz Oleniacz, Y. Berdnikov, Ana Vargas, Danthasinghe Piyarathna, Elena Bruna, Klaus Johannes Reygers, Astrid Morreale, Dominik Voscek, J. de Cuveland, Massimiliano Marchisone, Deepa Thomas, P. Rosnet, Andrey Reshetin, Sukalyan Chattopadhyay, Marcello Lunardon, J. Saini, L. V. V. Doremalen, Amalia Pop, Rachid Guernane, Chitrasen Jena, Imrich Szarka, Nicole Bastid, Ankhi Roy, Latchezar Betev, J. J. Gaardhøje, Hongbo Zhu, Redmer Alexander Bertens, Antoine Xavier Lardeux, Kgotlaesele Senosi, Michal Sumbera, A. A. P. Suaide, M. Basile, Hadi Hassan, Ganesh Jagannath Tambave, Jin-Hong Park, Henner Buesching, Erik Brücken, L. Lazaridis, F. Carnesecchi, S. L. La Pointe, M. An, M. Konyushikhin, David H. Evans, Nikola Poljak, Torsten Dahms, I. Cortés Maldonado, Eric Endress, Jai Samuel Nielsen Salzwedel, Supriya Das, Artur Furs, Vladislav Manko, Vladimir Peskov, Petra Loncar, Alexandre Shabetai, C. Lara, Petra Riedler, Edgar Dominguez Rosas, Stefan Thomas Heckel, Diego Stocco, Toru Sugitate, Michele Floris, Bedangadas Mohanty, Fatiha Lehas, Jongsik Eum, H. Natal da Luz, M. Gallio, Jacobus Onderwaater, E. G. Ferreiro, Ashpreet Kaur Duggal, Adrian Sevcenco, Stefano Panebianco, V. Grigoriev, Y. Corrales Morales, Lukas Gruber, B. Ketzer, Sibaji Raha, Filip Erhardt, Kohei Terasaki, Toralf Bernhard Skaali, Hermann Franz Degenhardt, Miroslaw Marek Kielbowicz, Michael Henry Oliver, Rosario Turrisi, G. Martínez García, P. González-Zamora, Dennis Franz Weiser, Martin Andreas Volkl, Evgeny Kondratyuk, Jørgen André Lien, Bruno Alessandro, Priyanka Sett, William Edward Witt, H. Caines, Sudhir Raniwala, Tatiana Karavicheva, Bruno Espagnon, Subikash Choudhury, H. J. C. Zanoli, A. A. Vinogradov, Evgeny Kryshen, Sandro Christian Wenzel, Julian Wojciech Myrcha, Rainer Arno Ernst Renfordt, Andrew Michael Kubera, Petr Nomokonov, David Horak, Vladimir V. Isakov, Rashmi Raniwala, Sebastian Hornung, Claude Andre Pruneau, Roberto Preghenella, Marek Chojnacki, Roberto Barbera, Elena Botta, S. Li, Ramona Lea, E. Serradilla, Roy Crawford Lemmon, A. J. Castro, R. A. Negrao De Oliveira, Silvia Arcelli, P. H. S. Y. Jayarathna, Andrea Festanti, Jana Bielcikova, Ana Maria Marin, C. Zhang, Z. Yin, Syaefudin Jaelani, Robert Vertesi, M. O. Schmidt, Bjarte Kileng, Laura Fabbietti, G. Puddu, Rama Chandra Baral, Paolo Camerini, Sergey Voloshin, Daiki Sekihata, M. Kim, E. Perez Lezama, J.A. Mares, D. Miśkowiec, Grazia Luparello, Paraskevi Ganoti, Peter Graham Jones, M. van Leeuwen, Smbat Grigoryan, Rainer Martin Schicker, Goran Simatovic, Peter Zahariev Hristov, Ken Oyama, Dmitry Mal'kevich, Andrzej Deloff, J. Book, G. S. Pappalardo, P. G. Kuijer, Andre Augustinus, Wladyslaw Henryk Trzaska, Madalina-Gabriela Tarzila, Marie Germain, Sebastian Rosado Navarro, Alice Elisabeth Ohlson, Marcello Borri, Alexander Vodopyanov, Alexandr Tumkin, N. Ahmad, Rafay Anwar, Sushanta Tripathy, Fabian Ng, and Ali Zaman

Subjects
Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Hadron, 01 natural sciences, Nuclear physics, Third order, Viscosity, Flow (mathematics), Pseudorapidity, 0103 physical sciences, Rapidity, Boundary value problem, 010306 general physics, Anisotropy
Abstract

The second and the third order anisotropic flow, V2 and V3, are mostly determined by the corresponding initial spatial anisotropy coefficients, e2 and e3, in the initial density distribution. In addition to their dependence on the same order initial anisotropy coefficient, higher order anisotropic flow, Vn (n > 3), can also have a significant contribution from lower order initial anisotropy coefficients, which leads to mode-coupling effects. In this Letter we investigate the linear and non-linear modes in higher order anisotropic flow Vn for n = 4, 5, 6 with the ALICE detector at the Large Hadron Collider. The measurements are done for particles in the pseudorapidity range |η| < 0.8 and the transverse momentum range 0.2 < pT < 5.0 GeV/c as a function of collision centrality. The results are compared with theoretical calculations and provide important constraints on the initial conditions, including initial spatial geometry and its fluctuations, as well as the ratio of the shear viscosity to entropy density of the produced system.

Published
2017
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