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Milk protein concentrate (MPC; 0 g, 5 g, and 10 g) was added to two commercially available oat products (instant oats and steel cut oats) to examine how MPC addition, and consequent changes in meal formulation, manipulates both gastric lumen viscosity and intestinal carbohydrate-digestion kinetics, in vitro. We used the TNO Intestinal Model-1 (TIM-1) to simulate gastrointestinal digestion of the oats-based meals. Meals containing 5 g or 10 g MPC yielded significantly less total bioaccessible sugar compared with those containing 0 g MPC, while the rate of starch digestion was significantly higher in meals containing 5 g or 10 g MPC. The TIM-1 was coupled with fluorescence spectroscopy and a luminescent molecular rotor to report changes in gastric viscosity in situ, showing that the gastric viscosity was higher in the meals containing MPC. Those findings suggest that MPC in oats-based meals significantly modifies the kinetics of carbohydrate digestion and increases gastric viscosity.

Three commercially available oat products—instant oats, steel cut oats, and oat bran—were studied using the TNO Intestinal Model-1 (TIM-1) coupled with fluorescence spectroscopy and molecular rotors to evaluate carbohydrate digestion and in vitro gastric viscosity as a function of time. A proportional relationship between total bioaccessible sugars and the concentration of available carbohydrates was observed for the different oat-based foods. The rate of starch digestion was greatest for instant oats and lowest for steel cut oats. β-glucan, starch, and total carbohydrate concentrations were proportional to the initial gastric viscosity. Overall, gastric viscosity differed considerably between samples. Instant oat and oat bran viscosities were highest at the onset of digestion and decreased with time, whereas the viscosity of steel cut oats at the onset of digestion was the lowest viscosity observed, increasing with time. These findings suggest that modification of food form and formulation during processing alters sugar bioaccessibility and luminal viscosity.

Avenanthramides (AVNs) are a family of nitrogen-containing phenolic compounds produced in oat; AVN 2c, 2p, and 2f are the three major members. An LC-MS/MS method was developed, with the limit of detection (LOD) and the limit of quantitation (LOQ) being, respectively, 0.29ng/mL and 1.96ng/mL for AVN 2c, 0.24ng/mL and 0.60ng/mL for AVE 2p, and 0.42ng/mL and 2.2ng/mL for AVN 2f. The method was validated in oat-containing hot cereal and snack bar samples. The recovery of AVN 2c, 2p, and 2f from these two oat products was 95-113%, and the relative standard deviations ranged from 5% to 9%. This method was used to evaluate oat products and raw oat samples. The effects of location and variety on AVN composition were investigated. The method presented here provides a novel and rapid tool to quantitate the abundance of AVN 2c, 2p, and 2f in oat-containing products.

OBJECTIVES: Wholegrain consumption is linked to a lower risk of cardiovascular disease. Evidence have established that the consumption of wholegrain oats lowers blood cholesterol, via a mechanism partly mediated by β-glucan. However, oats contain an array of phenolics, including ferulic acid and avenanthramides, which may also contribute to the cardiovascular health benefits. We investigated whether daily consumption of oat phenolics leads to improvement of markers of CVDrisks in adults. METHODS: In a 3 arm crossover double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, 28 volunteers consumed either: 1) oatmeal/oatcake intervention (68.1 mg of phenolics); 2) oatbran concentrate + rice porridge/wheat cracker (38.9 mg of phenolics) or 3) rice porridge/wheat cracker (13.8 mg of phenolic acids) for 4 weeks. All treatments were matched in macro nutrients, energy (500 kcal) and total soluble fiber (4.8 g). The primary endpoint was flow mediated dilatation (FMD) and other cardiovascular endpoints were laser doppler imaging, 24 h blood pressure and LDL/HDL cholesterol. RESULTS: Consumption of high phenolic oats led to a significant improvement in 24-hour SBP (−1.16 mm Hg), night time SBP (−5.1 mm Hg) and night time DBP (−2.3 mm Hg) (P

The objectives were to assess the potential of dietary flavonoids apigenin (Api) and luteolin (Lut) to enhance the anti-proliferative effects of chemotherapeutic drugs on BxPC-3 human pancreatic cancer cells and to investigate the potential molecular mechanism of action. Simultaneous treatment or pretreatment (0, 6, 24 and 42 h) of flavonoids and chemotherapeutic drugs at various concentrations (0-50 μM) were assessed using the MTS cell proliferation assay. Simultaneous treatment with either flavonoid (13, 25 or 50 μM) and chemotherapeutic drugs 5-fluorouracil (5-FU, 50 μM) or gemcitabine (Gem, 10 μM) for 60 h resulted in mostly less-than-additive effects (p