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Herein, we directly prepared white fluorescent CDs (W-CDs) using 1,6-dihydroxynaphthalene (1,6-DHN) and l -asparagine ( l -Asn) as carbon sources through a simple solvent-free method. As-prepared W-CDs can be obtained in high yield (95%). A relative pure white LEDs (WLEDs) were fabricated with Commission Internationale de L’Eclairage (CIE) coordinates of (0.32, 0.31). As-prepared W-CDs will have promising future for a wide range of optoelectronic devices.

The color-tunable AuAg nanoclusters (AuAg NCs) are designed by adjusting the location of Ag element, in which β-lactoglobulin (β-Lg) serves as the capping and reducing agent. The mono-metal Au NCs emit red-fluorescent emission (red-Au NCs@β-Lg); however, the stronger metallophilic interaction between Au and Ag facilitate the smaller size, and then the bimetal AuAg NCs@β-Lg present yellow emission (yellow-AuAg NCs@β-Lg). A “Ag+ shell” outside the AuAg NCs@β-Lg cause the emission change to orange (orange-AuAg NCs@β-Lg-Ag+). This is the first time for Ag+ to tune continuously the emission wavelength of AuAg NCs. TEM proves that the size of particle has a close relationship with the fluorescence emissions. l -cysteine (Cys) stabilized the protective effect of β-Lg and shows a “turn on” effect on the fluorescence intensity of yellow-AuAg NCs@β-Lg. In contrary, the strong interaction between Cys and Ag+ destroys the protection of β-Lg to the core of yellow-AuAg NCs@β-Lg and shows a distinct “turn off” effect on the fluorescence intensity of orange-AuAg NCs@β-Lg-Ag+. The above phenomenon has been successfully applied to the detection of Cys in the Hela cells. This location-based color-tunable strategy is expected to open up a new potential to improve the performance of NCs.

Background Perioperative safety in China is unclear. This study aims to develop a seamless safety management system to ensure patient safety in each period by improving team communication, consistency of care, and safety culture. Methods Five hospitals representing top medical treatment level in regions with different economic development were included. The study (June, 2014, to June, 2017) consists of three phases: baseline survey, intervention policy development and implementation, and effect assessment after intervention. All surgical departments (excluding ophthalmologics and orthopaedics) including more than 4000 members of staff or more are involved, and 80 000 inpatients aged 14 years or older are to be enrolled. Complication indices were selected from existing complication indices by a team of 246 specialists. 314 of 537 indices were retained after three rounds of selection. A case report form was formulated by a team of experienced doctors, anaesthetists, nurses, and statisticians. Data are being obtained with an electronic data capture system consisting of four distinct units: the ward, operating room, anaesthesia unit, and intensive-care unit. A pilot study was done to train staff. Assessment of quality control was done by statisticians. The development of intervention measure will be guided by study finding, and the WHO surgical checklist will be incorporated after modification. The whole intervention process will be implemented using an electronic network platform. This research was approved by ethics committee of Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, China. Findings By April 22, 2015, 15 675 patients (6082 [38·8%] of whom were men; median age 48 years [IQR 36–60]) have been enrolled. 1301 (8·3%) patients have an American Society of Anesthesiologists score of III or more, and 3135 (20·0%) patients had operation risk grading of III or more. Overall, the five surgeries with the highest rates of complications (including those potentially associated with anaesthesia) are cardiac (153 [15·6%]), hepatobiliary pancreatic (80 [8·0%]), chest (39 [7·8%]), vascular (18 [7·1%]), and neurosurgery (45 [4·6%]). Complications rate in the intensive-care unit is 24·6% (114 of 463). Highest complication rates are seen in patients aged 70 years or older, those with cardiovascular disease history, and those with high operation risk grading. Interpretation It is imperative to improve perioperative safety and reduce occurrence of serious complications in China. Safety management system should be constructed in a tailored, hierarchical, and user-friendly way. Funding This research is funded by National Health and Family Planning Commission of China.