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Falls are the leading cause of injury-related morbidity and mortality among older adults (aged ≥65 years) worldwide. However, previous studies examining sleep and falls were confined to community subpopulations, and few studies included both sleep quality and sleep duration when discussing risk factors of falls. This nationwide representative study aimed to examine the links between sleep duration, sleep quality and falls among Chinese community-dwelling older adults.Cross-sectional analyses were conducted with 14,681 older individuals (aged ≥65 years) from 23 Chinese provinces from the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy and Longevity Study (CLHLS) in 2018. Individual variables, including sociodemographic factors, lifestyle, and behavioral factors, were measured using a self-reported questionnaire. Falls were confirmed through face-to-face interviews. Three multivariate logistic regression models were conducted to assess the association between sleep duration and sleep quality with falls.There were 21.7% (95%CI: 21.0-22.4%) participants who had experienced falls in the past year. After controlling demographic and individual variables, falls in older adults were associated with self-reported sleep quality and self-reported sleep duration. Those who reported poor sleep quality were more likely to fall (OR = 1.149; 95%CI = 1.004,1.316). Participants who reported sleep duration that was too short (5) (OR = 1.349; 95% CI = 1.191 to 1.528) or too long (8) (OR = 1.267; 95% CI = 1.151 to 1.394) were both associated with higher fall prevalence.Nearly one-fifth of older adults in this study had experienced falls in the past year. The study found that falls were significantly associated with less sleep duration, longer sleep duration, and overall poor sleep quality among the old Chinese population.

Inflammatory Caspases are key effectors of the inflammasomes and play an important role in innate immune response. However, there are few studies on the homologs of inflammatory Caspases in bony fish. In the present study, three inflammatory Caspase genes were cloned from common carp and named CcCaspase-A1, CcCaspase-A2 and CcCaspase-B. Nucleotide sequences alignment revealed that the three Caspases were very similar in structure, which contained a PYD domain in the N-terminal, and a CASc domain in the C-terminal. In the phylogenetic tree, CcCaspase-A1 and CcCaspase-A2 were close to the Caspase-A of grass carp, and CcCaspase-B was close to the DrCaspase-B of zebrafish. In healthy common carp, the expression levels of CcCaspase-A1 and CcCaspase-A2 were the highest in the gills, and CcCaspase-B was the highest in the spleen. After immune stimulation with Edwardsiella tarda or Aeromonas hydrophila, the expression levels of all CcCaspases increased significantly. The fluorescence localization assays showed that all these CcCaspases were expressed in the cytoplasm, and were involved in the assembly of CcNLRP1 inflammasome. These results suggest that the inflammatory CcCaspases play a key role in immune response of common carp against bacterial infection, which may enrich the knowledge of inflammasome in fish, and provide basic data for the prevention and treatment of fish infectious diseases.

Drug repurposing or repositioning has been well-known to refer to the therapeutic applications of a drug for another indication other than it was originally approved for. Repurposing non-oncology small-molecule drugs has been increasingly becoming an attractive approach to improve cancer therapy, with potentially lower overall costs and shorter timelines. Several non-oncology drugs approved by FDA have been recently reported to treat different types of human cancers, with the aid of some new emerging technologies, such as omics sequencing and artificial intelligence to overcome the bottleneck of drug repurposing. Therefore, in this review, we focus on summarizing the therapeutic potential of non-oncology drugs, including cardiovascular drugs, microbiological drugs, small-molecule antibiotics, anti-viral drugs, anti-inflammatory drugs, anti-neurodegenerative drugs, antipsychotic drugs, antidepressants, and other drugs in human cancers. We also discuss their novel potential targets and relevant signaling pathways of these old non-oncology drugs in cancer therapies. Taken together, these inspiring findings will shed new light on repurposing more non-oncology small-molecule drugs with their intricate molecular mechanisms for future cancer drug discovery.

The flowability of metal powders is critical to many additive manufacturing (AM) processes, particularly for laser or electron-beam powder bed fusion. Many poewder features may simultaneously influence its powder flow behavior, yet how particle size distribution (PSD) individually affects its flowability has not been comprehensively evaluated. The plasma atomization technique allows the production of high-quality spherical metal powders with various PSDs. The recent development of powder characterization techniques offers an opportunity to accurately measure a variety of powder flow properties, including Hausner ratio, Hall flow rate, rheology properties. In this study, we measured the flow properties for six Ti-6Al-4V powders with distinct PSDs. Our results show that the PSD plays a significant role in powder flowability: (1) Either a larger mean particle size or a narrower PSD enhances the powder flowability; The multimodal distribution of PSD is beneficial for the powder bulk flow properties. (2) Either a larger particle mean size or a narrower PSD enhances the powder rheology. (3) Powder dynamic flowing behavior is only influenced by the powder mean size, but not affected by PSD. Powder dynamic flowability improves with increasing particle size. Furthermore, we propose a general formula that can be used to qualitatively estimate the average score of the flowability for metal powders based on the three types of indicators. This study could provide a general guide to predict metal powder flowability based on PSD.

To evaluate whether the dual-layer spectral computed tomography urography (DL-CTU) images could predict WHO/ISUP pathological grading of clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC).We retrospectively included patients (n = 50) with pathologically confirmed ccRCC who underwent preoperative DL-CTU (from October 2017 to February 2021). They were divided into low-grade (WHO/ISUP 1/2, n = 30) and high-grade groups (WHO/ISUP 3/4, n = 20). The lesion size, attenuation (HU), iodine concentration (IC), normalized IC(NIC), and other quantitative characteristics were compared between the two groups. HU, IC, and NIC were obtained by plotting ROI with two different methods (circular ROI in the solid component or irregular ROI along the tumor edge containing tumor necrotic components). Receiver operating characteristic curves and multivariable model were used to evaluate the ability of parameters to predict WHO/ISUP grade.Transverse diameter (TD) of low-grade tumors was smaller, and HU in the non-contrast phase of the second method (HU-U-2) was lower than that of high-grade tumors (34.21±15.14 mm vs. 46.50 ± 20.68 mm, 27.33 ± 6.65 HU vs. 31.36 ± 6.09 HU, p0.05). The NIC in the nephrographic phase by the two methods (NIC-N-1 and NIC-N-2) of low-grade was higher than that of the high-grade group (0.78± 0.19 vs.0.58 ± 0.22, 0.73 ± 0.42 vs. 0.46 ± 0.22, p0.05). The final multivariable model composed of TD, HU-U-2, and NIC-N-1 could predict ccRCC grade with the area under the curve, sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of 0.852, 70%, 90%, and 82%.Quantitative indicators in DL-CTU images could help predict the WHO/ISUP grade of ccRCC.

The significant progress in efforts to design hydrogel adhesive mimicking mussels' functions has been witnessed in recent years. However, it is still an arduous challenge to fabricate self-adhesive hydrogel adhesive that tradeoff of exalting features containing scalability, self-healing, degradability, biocompatibility, and antibacterial properties. Herein, we manufactured a multi-functional physical hydrogel adhesive by integrating catechol groups modified chitosan and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA). Intriguingly, the physical gels reinforce durable and repeatable adhesiveness due to the limited auto-oxidation of catechol groups of the 3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl) propionic acid modified chitosan (DCS), which can be adhered diametrically on human skin without shedding and residue. Additionally, the dynamic H-bonds between DCS and PVA endows the hydrogel to self-heal under a relatively mild stimulation. The assembly of silver nano armor remarkably enhances the mechanical strength and antibacterial of the hydrogel. Meanwhile, the metal coordination formed between the nano-silver and the hydroxyl groups of catechol and the electrostatic interaction between the silver ions and the hydroxyl groups also contribute to the hydrogel to achieve self-healing. This work provides a neoteric prospect in designing degradable hydrogels with stretchability, self-adhesion, self-healing, antibacterial and biocompatibility for potential applications in tissue adhesion and wound healing.

The effects of the symmetrical tilt Σ5 (310) ⟨001⟩ grain boundary (GB) on the evolution of radiation-induced point defects in pure δ-plutonium (Pu) were studied by Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. The evolution of radiation-induced point defects was obtained when primary knock-on atom (PKA) was respectively set as −15 A and 15 A far from the GB and the number of residual defects was obtained as the distance from PKA to GB was changed. According to the results, compared with vacancies, interstitial atoms were more easily absorbed by GB. In addition, the formation energy of point defects was also calculated. The results showed that there was almost no difference for the formation energy of vacancies in the all matrix. However, the formation energy of interstitial atoms close to the GB was lower than that in the other bulk regions.

Magnesium (Mg) plays a crucial role in regulating plant photosynthesis and stress resistance. However, our understanding of plant Mg at the community level remains limited because of lack of systematic investigations. This study, for the first time, comprehensively evaluated community-level Mg content and density, and determined their spatial patterns and driving factors, on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau (TP), using data from 680 ecosystems (169 forests, 22 shrublands, 466 grasslands, and 23 deserts). Mg density was 1.01, 2.36, 1.87, and 2.26 g m

Functional traits are frequently used to evaluate plant adaptation across environments. Yet, traits tend to have multiple functions and interactions, which cannot be accounted for in traditional correlation analyses. Plant trait networks (PTNs) clarify complex relationships among traits, enable the calculation of metrics for the topology of trait coordination and the importance of given traits in PTNs, and how they shift across communities. Recent studies of PTNs provide new insights into some important topics, including trait dimensionality, trait spectra (including the leaf economic spectrum), stoichiometric principles, and the variation of phenotypic integration along gradients of resource availability. PTNs provide improved resolution of the multiple dimensions of plant adaptation across scales and responses to shifting resources, disturbance regimes, and global change.

Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations were conducted to investigate the temperature effects on the primary damage in gallium nitride (GaN) material. Five temperatures ranging from 300 K to 900 K were studied for 10 keV Ga primary knock-on atom (PKA) with inject direction of [0001]. The results of MD simulations showed that threshold displacement energy (Ed) was affected by temperatures and at higher temperature, it was larger. The evolutions of defects under various temperatures were similar. However, the higher temperature was found to increase the peak number, peak time, final time and recombination efficiency while decreasing the final number. With regard to clusters, isolated point defects and little clusters were common clusters and the fraction of point defects increased with temperature for vacancy clusters, whereas it did not appear in the interstitial clusters. Finally, at each temperature, the number of Ga interstitial atoms was larger than that of N and besides that, there were other different results of specific types of split interstitial atoms.

This paper develops the structure-preserving finite volume weighted essentially non-oscillatory (WENO) hybrid schemes for the shallow water equations under the arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerian (ALE) framework, dubbed as ALE-WENO schemes. The WENO hybrid reconstruction is adopted on moving meshes, which distinguishes the smooth, non-smooth, and transition stencils by a simple smoothness detector. To maintain the positivity preserving and the well-balanced properties of the ALE-WENO schemes, we adapt the positivity preserving limiter and the well-balanced approaches on static meshes to moving meshes. The rigorous theoretical analysis and numerical examples demonstrate the high order accuracy and positivity-preserving property of the schemes under the ALE framework. For the well-balanced schemes, it is successful in the unique exact equilibrium preservation and capturing small perturbations of the hydrostatic state well without numerical oscillations near the discontinuity. Moreover, our ALE-WENO hybrid schemes have an advantage over the simulations on static meshes due to the higher resolution interface tracking of the fluid motion., 43 pages, 50 figures

Climate change can alter the frequency and intensity of extreme rainfall across the globe, leading to changes in hazards posed by rainfall-induced landslides. In recent decades, China suffered great human and economic losses due to rainfall-induced landslides. However, how the landslide hazard situation will evolve in the future is still unclear, also because of sparse comprehensive evaluations of potential changes in landslide susceptibility and landslide occurrence frequency under climate change. This study builds upon observed and modelled rainfall data from 24 bias-corrected Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6) Global Climate Models (GCMs), a statistical landslide susceptibility model, and empirical rainfall thresholds for landslide initiation, to evaluate changes in landslide susceptibility and landslide occurrence frequency at national-scale. Based on four Shared Socioeconomic Pathways (SSP) scenarios, changes in the rainfall regime are projected and used to evaluate subsequent alterations in landslide susceptibility and in the frequency of rainfall events exceeding empirical rainfall thresholds. In general, the results indicate that the extend of landslide susceptible terrain and the frequency of landslide-triggering rainfall will increase under climate change. Nevertheless, a closer inspection provides a spatially heterogeneous picture on how these landslide occurrence indicators may evolve across China. Until the late 21st century (2080-2099) and depending on the SSP scenarios, the mean annual precipitation is projected to increase by 13.4 % to 28.6 %, inducing an 1.3 % to 2.7 % increase in the modelled areal extent of moderately to very highly susceptible terrain. Different SSP scenarios were associated with an increase in the frequency of landslide-triggering rainfall events by 10.3 % to 19.8 % with respect to historical baseline. Spatially, the southeastern Tibetan Plateau and the Tianshan Mountains in Northwestern Basins are projected to experience the largest increase in landslide susceptibility and frequency of landslide-triggering rainfall, especially under the high emission scenarios. Adaptation and mitigation methods should be prioritized for these future landslide hotspots. This work provides a better understanding of potential impacts of climate change on landslide hazard across China and represents a first step towards national-scale quantitative landslide exposure and risk assessment under climate change.