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The $k$-edge-colored bipartite Gallai-Ramsey number $\operatorname{bgr}_k(G:H)$ is defined as the minimum integer $n$ such that $n^2\geq k$ and for every $N\geq n$, every edge-coloring (using all $k$ colors) of complete bipartite graph $K_{N,N}$ contains a rainbow copy of $G$ or a monochromatic copy of $H$. In this paper, we first study the structural theorem on the complete bipartite graph $K_{n,n}$ with no rainbow copy of $K_{1,3}$. Next, we utilize the results to prove the exact values of $\operatorname{bgr}_{k}(P_4: H)$, $\operatorname{bgr}_{k}(P_5: H)$, $\operatorname{bgr}_{k}(K_{1,3}: H)$, where $H$ is a various union of cycles and paths and stars., 13 pages

Lake sediment is an important organic carbon (OC) sink. Nevertheless, few studies have been conducted on sediment organic carbon (SOC) in lakes, and the effects of environmental variables on SOC pools remain poorly understood. We combined physicochemical and spectroscopic analyses to investigate the composition, distribution, and source of OC in surface sediments of Erhai Lake, southwest China, and explored the relationships between environmental variables and its SOC pool. The SOC pool consists of relatively high proportions of labile organic carbon fractions, mainly from algal production, which are rapidly decomposed and exhibit high turnover rates. The relative content of humus carbon ranges from 13.5 % to 20.5 %, with fulvic acid carbon predominating (average 52.95 %), indicating weak humification and a relatively active humus carbon pool. The dissolved organic matter in water column and sediments of Erhai Lake is largely influenced by endogenous production, with a great contribution from phytoplankton. Surface sediments contained more protein-like components than overlying waters (80.0 % vs. 63.0 %), attributed mainly to abundant algal deposition and intense bacterial metabolism. Among environmental variables, sediment chlorophyll a showed the strongest relationship with the SOC pool, and was associated with rapid decomposition and promotion of the humification process, which supported the conclusion that algae had an important influence on the SOC pool. The SOC pool in the southern region of the lake is mainly contributed by algae, other microorganisms, and sewage, exhibiting a greater potential to release organic matters into the water column. The center and northern SOC pools show relatively stable characteristics and stronger OC sink capacity, mainly because of the input of terrestrial refractory organic matters from runoff. Our data shed light on the OC storage mechanisms in the surface sediments of Erhai Lake and provide theoretical bases for enhancing the OC sink of sediments in the lake.

Mutation testing is the art of generating syntactic versions (called mutants) of a base program, and is widely used in software testing, most notably the assessment of test suites. Mutants are useful only to the extent that they are semantically distinct from the base program, but some may well be semantically equivalent to the base program, despite being syntactically distinct. Much research has been devoted to identifying, and weeding out, equivalent mutants, but determining whether two programs are semantically equivalent is a non-trivial, tedious, error-prone task. Yet in practice it is not necessary to identify equivalent mutants individually; for most intents and purposes, it suffices to estimate their number. In this paper, we are interested to estimate, for a given number of mutants generated from a program, the ratio of those that are equivalent to the base program; we refer to this as the Ratio of Equivalent Mutants (REM, for short). We argue, on the basis of analytical grounds, that the REM of a program may be estimated from a static analysis of the program, and that it can be used to analyze many mutation related properties of a program. The purpose/ aspiration of this paper is to draw attention to this potentially cost-effective approach to a longstanding stubborn problem.

The present paper develops a fast method to simulate the solidification structure of continuous billets with Cellular Automaton (CA) model. Traditional solution of the CA model on single CPU takes a long time for the massive datasets and complicated calculations, making it unrealistic to optimize the parameters through numerical simulation. In this paper, a parallel method based on Graphics Processing Units (GPU) was proposed to accelerate the calculation, which developed new algorithms for the solute redistribution and neighbor capture to avoid data race in parallel computing. This new method was applied to simulate the solidification structure of Fe-0.64C alloy, and the simulating results were in good agreement with the experiment results with the same parameters. The absolute computational time for the fast method implemented on Tesla P100 GPU is 277 s, while the traditional method implemented on Intel(R) Xeon(R) CPU E5−2680 v4 @ 2.40 GHz with single core is 24.57 h. The speedup, ratio between the absolute computational time of GPU-CA and CPU-CA, varies from 300 to 400 with the increase of the grids.

Fast food restaurants and liquor stores—vice stores—have been shown to be more prevalent in predominantly Black and low income U.S. neighborhoods, and are associated with a number of health risks and social ills. The purpose of this study was to investigate in the City of Chicago vice store density and spatial distribution as a function of racial, socioeconomic, and other population characteristics; to examine spatial clustering among these outlets; and to study how store turnover follows population change over a 13-year period. We used spatial point process analysis to fit linear and non-linear models for the intensity function of stores. Spatial clustering was estimated using the K function. We found heterogeneous associations between stores and population characteristics, with the most consistent finding being a positive association between percent Black and liquor store exposure. A high degree of spatial clustering was evident, and liquor stores were more likely to stay in business over time than fast food restaurants. However, when liquor stores closed, they were more likely to be replaced by non-vice businesses. Results suggest that vice stores are associated with lower positions in racial and socioeconomic hierarchies, and this patterning is often durable over time.

The angular distribution of Auger electron following photoionization in Xe atom is investigated using the multiconfiguration Dirac-Fock (MCDF) method and the density matrix theory. The alignment parameters of residual ions produced by the np 3 / 2 ( n = 2 − 5 ) and md 3 / 2 , 5 / 2 ( m = 3 , 4 ) sub-shell photoionization and the anisotropic angular parameters of Auger electron for different transition channels are calculated using our modified relativistic program, based on the RATIP package. The relationships of the angular distribution of Auger electron and the alignments of the core-ionized atomic states are given. The influences of the multipole radiation field, the Breit interaction, and the electron exchanged interaction on the photoionization and subsequent Auger decay processes are discussed. Our results show that the alignment parameters of the residual ions and the angular distribution of Auger electrons are strongly related to the atomic shell, yet they show a low sensitivity to the Breit interaction and the electron exchange effect. This work is of significance to the experimental study of photoionization induced Auger electrons.

Wool waste is the main by-product of the textile industry, which causes environmental problems. Therefore, the recycling of wool waste is of increasing concern and is an important tool for environmental protection and resource-efficient utilization. In this study, an eco-friendly process ensuring complete recycling of wool waste was developed using glutathione as a reducing agent. First, the main component keratin, which is an important source of renewable biomaterial, was extracted. Keratin products were characterized by infrared spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and circular dichroism spectroscopy. The results indicated that glutathione treatment could cause approximately 65% weight dissolution in wool, and keratins with molecular weights of 26, 44, and 66 kDa could be obtained. Furthermore, the residues were collected and prepared as sponges. These sponges showed an excellent adsorption capacity for cationic dye methylene blue (MB). In conclusion, sustainable wool waste recycling coupled with the cleaner production of keratins and a new adsorbent was achieved; this method can turn “waste” into “wealth” and solve the environmental pressures caused by waste. To our knowledge, this is the first report to demonstrate the usefulness of glutathione in an ecofriendly process for the extraction of keratin from wool.

The corrosion resistance of 7150 aluminum alloy was improved by anodizing treatment in a mixed solution of sulfuric-citric acids with titanium sol. Scanning electron microscope (SEM), coating mass test, neutral salt spray, Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) and Tafel plot are used to characterize the anodic film. The expose time in salt spray test no pitting appearing is extended from less than 280 h to over 336 h with titanium sol as additive in sulfuric-citric acids electrolyte. The results of EIS show that the resistance of barrier layer with 5 mL/L titanium sol added into electrolyte solution was two orders of magnitude higher than it without titanium sol. It is revealed that the addition of titanium sol improves the compactness of the barrier layer and the corrosion resistance of the anodic film.

In this paper, the real-time problem of heat transfer model for continuous casting billets has been converted to an optimization problem of multiple time steps. In the optimization problem, the time steps as the optimal variables were constrained by the numerical stability. Furthermore, the objective function was defined by the relative calculation time, and the calculations were subject to the accuracy constraint determined by the maximum absolute temperature difference from the reference grid system. The optimization problem has been solved by particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm, by introducing a penalty factor for the accuracy constraint. Results and corresponding analysis show that when the penalty factor is big enough, especially when it tends to positive infinity, the optimized time steps are only determined by the accuracy constraint, independent of the penalty factor and also computers.

Background: To investigate effects moxibustion exerts on A20 expression and regulation of intestinal epithelial tight junctions via the TNF-α-NF-κB-MLCK pathway in Crohn's disease (CD). Methods: C57BL/6 wild type (WT) and A20IEC−KO mice (48 each) were randomly divided into normal control (NC), model control (MC), mesalazine (MESA) and herbs-partitioned moxibustion (HPM) groups (12 mice per group). An experimental model of CD was established using 2, 4, 6 trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid. MESA and HPM mice were treated with MESA and HPM (at Tianshu (ST25) and Qihai (CV6)), respectively. In HPM group, moxa cones (0.5 cm in diameter and 0.3 cm in height) made of refined mugwort floss were placed on herbal cakes (medicinal formula dispensing [radix] Aconiti praeparata, [cortex] Cinnamomi, etc.) at Tianshu (ST25) and Qihai (CV6) and ignited. The moxa cones were ignited, and two moxa cones were used for each treatment once daily for 10 days. In MESA group, mice were fed MESA, which was prepared at a proportion of 1:0.0026, twice daily for 10 days. Results: Intestinal epithelial ultrastructure of WT HPM mice improved more than A20IEC−KO HPM mice compared to MC mice. WT HPM mice exhibited greater expression of A20 compared with MC mice (P