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Activation of the tyrosine kinase ZAP 70 has been shown to be crucial to the transduction of the T-cell receptor signalling pathway, which leads ultimately to proliferation, cytokine gene expression and T-cell effector functions. A series of 2-phenylaminopyrimidines have been identified as potent and selective inhibitors of ZAP 70.

The cuticular proteins of second-stage juveniles and adult females of the plant parasitic nematode Meloidogyne incognita have been investigated by surface radio-iodination and detergent solubilization techniques. This approach revealed a restricted number of surface proteins which were stage-specific after extraction with either sodium deoxycholate or sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS)/β-mercaptoethanol. SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of radiolabelled proteins detected some proteins from both stages that were superficially located on the nematode cuticle. These molecules may offer targets for immunological detection of this pest and may also play a role in the host-parasite relationship.