30 results on '"Jane S. Hocking"'
Search Results
2. Genotype prevalence and age distribution of human papillomavirus from infection to cervical cancer in Japanese women: A systematic review and meta-analysis
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Matthew Palmer, Kota Katanoda, Eiko Saito, Cecilia Acuti Martellucci, Shiori Tanaka, Sayaka Ikeda, Haruka Sakamoto, Dorothy Machelek, Julia ML Brotherton, and Jane S Hocking
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Genotype ,General Veterinary ,General Immunology and Microbiology ,Papillomavirus Infections ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,Uterine Cervical Neoplasms ,DNA ,Alphapapillomavirus ,Uterine Cervical Dysplasia ,Age Distribution ,Infectious Diseases ,Japan ,Atypical Squamous Cells of the Cervix ,Prevalence ,Humans ,Molecular Medicine ,Female ,Vaccines, Combined ,Papillomaviridae - Abstract
National HPV vaccination coverage in Japan is less than one percent of the eligible population and cervical cancer incidence and mortality are increasing. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to provide a comprehensive estimate of HPV genotype prevalence for Japan.English and Japanese databases were searched to March 2021 for research reporting HPV genotypes in cytology and histology samples from Japanese women. Summary estimates were calculated by disease stage from cytology only assessment - Normal, ASCUS, LSIL, HSIL and from histological assessment - CIN1, CIN2, CIN3/AIS, ICC (ICC-SCC, and ICC-ADC), and other. A random-effects meta-analysis was used to calculate summary prevalence estimates of any-HPV, high-risk (HR) and low-risk (LR) vaccine types, and vaccine genotypes (bivalent, quadrivalent, or nonavalent). This study was registered with PROSPERO: CRD42018117596.A total of 57759 women with normal cytology, 1766 ASCUS, 3764 LSIL, 2017 HSIL, 3130 CIN1, 1219 CIN2, 869 CIN3/AIS, and 4306 ICC (which included 1032 ICC-SCC, and 638 ICC-ADC) were tested for HPV. The summary estimate of any-HPV genotype in women with normal cytology was 15·6% (95% CI: 12·3-19·4) and in invasive cervical cancer (ICC) was 85·6% (80·7-89·8). The prevalence of HR-HPV was 86·0% (95% CI: 73·9-94·9) for cytological cases of HSIL, 76·9% (52·1-94·7) for histological cases of CIN3/AIS, and 75·7% (68·0-82·6) for ICC. In women with ICC, the summary prevalence of bivalent vaccine genotypes was 58·5% (95% CI: 52·1-64·9), for quadrivalent genotypes was 58·6% (52·2-64·9) and for nonavalent genotypes was 71·5% (64·9-77·6), and of ICC cases that were HPV positive over 90% of infections are nonavalent vaccine preventable. There was considerable heterogeneity in all HPV summary estimates and for ICC, this heterogeneity was not explained by variability in study design, sample type, HPV assay type, or HPV DNA detection method, although studies published in the 1990s had lower prevalence estimates of any-HPV and HR HPV genotypes.HPV prevalence is high among Japanese women. The nonavalent vaccine is likely to have the greatest impact on reducing cervical cancer incidence and mortality in Japan.
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- 2022
3. Prevalence of human papillomavirus in young men who have sex with men after the implementation of gender-neutral HPV vaccination: a repeated cross-sectional study
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Gerald L. Murray, Alyssa M. Cornall, Christopher K Fairley, Rebecca Wigan, Eric P F Chow, Jane S Hocking, Marcus Y Chen, Sepehr N. Tabrizi, Catriona S. Bradshaw, Suzanne M. Garland, Prisha Balgovind, Steph Atchison, and Dorothy A Machalek
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Cross-sectional study ,business.industry ,Incidence (epidemiology) ,Anal Infection ,medicine.disease ,Men who have sex with men ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Infectious Diseases ,Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) ,030220 oncology & carcinogenesis ,Cohort ,medicine ,Anal cancer ,030212 general & internal medicine ,business ,Cohort study ,Demography - Abstract
Summary Background Anal infection with high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) genotypes 16 and 18 and anal cancer are overrepresented in men who have sex with men (MSM). This study investigated HPV prevalence in young MSM before and after the implementation of a school-based quadrivalent HPV (genotypes 6, 11, 16, and 18) vaccination programme for boys in Australia in 2013. Methods In this repeated cross-sectional study, MSM aged 16–20 years were recruited from two successive birth cohorts via sexual health clinics and the community in Melbourne, Australia. The first cohort was before the implementation of gender-neutral vaccination (HYPER1 study, done in 2010–12, NCT01422356), and the second was the post-vaccination cohort (HYPER2 study, done in 2017–18, NCT03000933). Men who self-identified as being same-sex attracted were enrolled, and those recruited via the HYPER2 study had to be resident in Australia since 2013 to ensure eligibility. Study procedures were done in the Melbourne Sexual Health Centre. A clinician-collected anal swab and self-collected penile swab and oral rinse were tested for 28 HPV genotypes, and data on demographics and sexual health practices were collected via questionnaires. Only assessable samples were included in the analyses. We compared anatomical site-specific prevalence of HPV genotypes between cohorts by calculating the prevalence ratio, adjusting for age, circumcision, and sex with women. Herd protection was also assessed, by calculating the adjusted prevalence ratios by vaccination status. Findings 400 MSM, 200 per cohort, were included in the study. In both cohorts, the median number of lifetime male partners was ten (IQR 5–25). The prevalence of any anal quadrivalent vaccine-preventable HPV genotype was higher in the pre-vaccination cohort (54 [28%] of 193) than in the post-vaccination cohort (14 [7%] of 193; adjusted prevalence ratio [PR] 0·24, 95% CI 0·14–0·42), largely driven by decreases in HPV6, followed by HPV11, 16, and 18. Nevertheless, there was also a significant reduction in anal HPV16 and 18 in the post-vaccination cohort from the pre-vaccination cohort (0·31, 0·14–0·68). The prevalence of any penile quadrivalent vaccine-preventable HPV genotype was also higher in the pre-vaccination cohort (21 [12%] of 177) than in the post-vaccination cohort (11 [6%] of 179; 0·48, 0·24–0·97), driven by decreases in HPV 6 and 11, but not by 16 and 18. The prevalence of any oral quadrivalent vaccine-preventable HPV genotype was higher in the pre-vaccination cohort (seven [4%] of 200) than in the post-vaccination cohort (one [1%] of 199; 0·10, 0·01–0·97); there were no cases of oral HPV6 or 11 detected in HYPER2. Comparing the pre-vaccinated cohort with the 149 confirmed vaccinated men from HYPER2 showed a reduction in any quadrivalent vaccine-preventable HPV genotype for anal (0·09, 0·03–0·25) and penile (0·18, 0·05–0·59) infection but not for oral infection (0·17, 0·03–1·08). Interpretation A reduction in anal, penile, and oral quadrivalent vaccine-targeted genotypes occurred in young MSM following the implementation of a school-based gender-neutral HPV vaccination programme. The fall in anal HPV16 and 18 may lead to a reduction in the incidence of anal cancer. Funding Merck and the Australian Government Department of Health.
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- 2021
4. Antiseptic mouthwash for gonorrhoea prevention (OMEGA): a randomised, double-blind, parallel-group, multicentre trial
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Matthew Law, David J Templeton, Vincent J Cornelisse, David A. Lewis, Catriona S. Bradshaw, Eric P F Chow, Marcus Y Chen, Rebecca Guy, Richard D. Moore, Lei Zhang, David M. Whiley, Basil Donovan, Jennifer Danielewski, Andrew E. Grulich, Anna McNulty, John M. Kaldor, Tim R H Read, Gerald L. Murray, Kate Maddaford, Deborah A Williamson, Jane S Hocking, Benjamin P Howden, Rebecca Wigan, and Christopher K Fairley
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Adult ,Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Gonorrhea ,Population ,Mouthwashes ,Men who have sex with men ,law.invention ,Glucose Oxidase ,Sexual and Gender Minorities ,Young Adult ,Double-Blind Method ,Randomized controlled trial ,law ,Surveys and Questionnaires ,Internal medicine ,medicine ,Humans ,Multicenter Studies as Topic ,Cumulative incidence ,Lactoperoxidase ,Homosexuality, Male ,education ,Respiratory Tract Infections ,education.field_of_study ,Terpenes ,business.industry ,Incidence (epidemiology) ,Australia ,medicine.disease ,Neisseria gonorrhoeae ,Salicylates ,Clinical trial ,Drug Combinations ,Infectious Diseases ,Clinical research ,Anti-Infective Agents, Local ,Muramidase ,business ,New Zealand - Abstract
Summary Background To address the increasing incidence of gonorrhoea and antimicrobial resistance, we compared the efficacy of Listerine and Biotene mouthwashes for preventing gonorrhoea among men who have sex with men (MSM). Methods The OMEGA trial was a multicentre, parallel-group, double-blind randomised controlled trial among MSM, done at three urban sexual health clinics and one general practice clinic in Australia. Men were eligible if they were diagnosed with oropharyngeal gonorrhoea by nucleic acid amplification test (NAAT) in the previous 30 days or were aged 16–24 years. They were randomly assigned to receive Listerine (intervention) or Biotene (control) via a computer-generated sequence (1:1 ratio, block size of four). Participants, clinicians, data collectors, data analysts, and outcome adjudicators were masked to the interventions after assignment. Participants were instructed to rinse and gargle with 20 mL of mouthwash for 60 s at least once daily for 12 weeks. Oropharyngeal swabs were collected by research nurses every 6 weeks, and participants provided saliva samples every 3 weeks, to be tested for Neisseria gonorrhoeae with NAAT and quantitative PCR. The primary outcome was proportion of MSM diagnosed with oropharyngeal N gonorrhoeae infection at any point over the 12-week period, defined as a positive result for either oropharyngeal swabs or saliva samples by NAAT, and the cumulative incidence of oropharyngeal gonorrhoea at the week 12 visit. A modified intention-to-treat analysis for the primary outcome was done that included men who provided at least one follow-up specimen over the 12-week study period. The trial was registered on the Australian and New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (ACTRN12616000247471). Findings Between March 30, 2016, and Oct 26, 2018, 786 MSM were screened and 256 were excluded. 264 MSM were randomly assigned to the Biotene group and 266 to the Listerine group. The analysis population included 227 (86%) men in the Biotene group and 219 (82%) in the Listerine group. Oropharyngeal gonorrhoea was detected in ten (4%) of 227 of MSM in the Biotene group and in 15 (7%) of 219 in the Listerine group (adjusted risk difference 2·5%, 95% CI −1·8 to 6·8). The cumulative incidence of oropharyngeal gonorrhoea at the week 12 visit did not differ between the two mouthwash groups (adjusted risk difference 3·1%, 95% CI −1·4 to 7·7). Interpretation Listerine did not reduce the incidence of oropharyngeal gonorrhoea compared with Biotene. However, previous research suggests that mouthwash might reduce the infectivity of oropharyngeal gonorrhoea; therefore, further studies of mouthwash examining its inhibitory effect on N gonorrhoeae are warranted to determine if it has a potential role for the prevention of transmission. Funding Australian National Health and Medical Research Council.
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- 2021
5. Doxycycline: the universal treatment for anogenital chlamydia
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Christopher K, Fairley, Jane S, Hocking, and Fabian Yuh Shiong, Kong
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Infectious Diseases ,Doxycycline ,Humans ,Chlamydia trachomatis ,Azithromycin ,Chlamydia ,Chlamydia Infections ,Anti-Bacterial Agents - Published
- 2022
6. An Evaluation of Existing Text De-Identification Tools for Use with Patient Progress Notes from Australian General Practice
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Carol El-Hayek, Siamak Barzegar, Noel Faux, Kim Doyle, Priyanka Pillai, Simon J. Mutch, Alaina Vaisey, Roger Ward, Lena Sanci, Adam G. Dunn, Margaret E. Hellard, Jane S. Hocking, Karin Verspoor, and Douglas IR. Boyle
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Health Informatics - Published
- 2022
7. A Kiss Is Not Just a Kiss: Kissing as a Risk Factor for Oropharyngeal Gonorrhoea in Men Who Have Sex With Men
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Julien Tran, Jason J. Ong, Catriona S. Bradshaw, Marcus Y. Chen, Fabian Y.S. Kong, Jane S. Hocking, Ei T. Aung, Kate Maddaford, Christopher K. Fairley, and Eric Chow
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History ,Polymers and Plastics ,Business and International Management ,Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering - Published
- 2022
8. Optimising treatments for sexually transmitted infections: surveillance, pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics, therapeutic strategies, and molecular resistance prediction
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Magnus Unemo, Christine Johnston, Edward W. Hook, Arlene C. Seña, Kimberly A. Workowski, Teodora Wi, Laura H. Bachmann, George L. Drusano, and Jane S Hocking
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0301 basic medicine ,medicine.medical_specialty ,030106 microbiology ,Drug Resistance ,Sexually Transmitted Diseases ,Drug resistance ,urologic and male genital diseases ,medicine.disease_cause ,Article ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Antibiotic resistance ,Anti-Infective Agents ,Humans ,Medicine ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Intensive care medicine ,biology ,business.industry ,Transmission (medicine) ,Public health ,biology.organism_classification ,Antimicrobial ,female genital diseases and pregnancy complications ,Infectious Diseases ,Population Surveillance ,Neisseria gonorrhoeae ,Trichomonas vaginalis ,business ,Mycoplasma genitalium - Abstract
Progressive antimicrobial resistance in Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Mycoplasma genitalium, and Trichomonas vaginalis has created a pressing need for treatment optimisations for sexually transmitted infections (STIs). In this Review, we aim to highlight urgent needs in global STI management, including: (1) improved surveillance to monitor antimicrobial resistance and clinical outcomes; (2) systematic pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic evaluations to ensure resistance suppression and bacterial eradication at all sites of infection; (3) development of novel, affordable antimicrobials; and (4) advancements in new molecular and point-of-care tests to detect antimicrobial resistance determinants. Antimicrobial resistance among STIs is a global public health crisis. Continuous efforts to develop novel antimicrobials will be essential, in addition to other public health interventions to reduce the global STI burden. Apart from prevention through safer sexual practices, the development of STI vaccines to prevent transmission is a crucial research priority.
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- 2020
9. The health of adolescents in detention: a global scoping review
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Seena Fazel, Jane S Hocking, Stuart A. Kinner, Kathryn Snow, Cheneal Puljević, Susan M Sawyer, Alexander D Love, Jo Robinson, George C Patton, Emily Stockings, Annie Carter, Emilia Janca, Melissa Willoughby, Nathan Hughes, Rohan Borschmann, and Nicole Hill
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medicine.medical_specialty ,Adolescent ,Psychological intervention ,01 natural sciences ,Article ,Occupational safety and health ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Health care ,Global health ,Humans ,Medicine ,030212 general & internal medicine ,0101 mathematics ,Psychiatry ,Health Services Needs and Demand ,business.industry ,lcsh:Public aspects of medicine ,Public health ,010102 general mathematics ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,lcsh:RA1-1270 ,Mental health ,3. Good health ,Systematic review ,business ,Adolescent health - Abstract
Summary: Adolescents detained within the criminal justice system are affected by complex health problems, health-risk behaviours, and high rates of premature death. We did a global synthesis of the evidence regarding the health of this population. We searched Embase, PsycINFO, Education Resources Information Center, PubMed, Web of Science, CINCH, Global Health, the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, the Campbell Library, the National Criminal Justice Reference System Abstract Database, and Google Scholar for peer-reviewed journal articles, including reviews, that reported the prevalence of at least one health outcome (physical, mental, sexual, infectious, and neurocognitive) in adolescents (aged
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- 2020
10. Prevalence of human papillomavirus in teenage heterosexual males following the implementation of female and male school-based vaccination in Australia: 2014–2017
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Alyssa M. Cornall, Rebecca Wigan, David G. Regan, Dorothy A Machalek, Louise S Owen, Marcus Y Chen, Darren Russell, Suzanne M. Garland, Christopher K Fairley, John M. Kaldor, Eric P F Chow, Anna McNulty, Steph Atchison, Sepehr N. Tabrizi, Catriona S. Bradshaw, Jane S Hocking, and Lewis Marshall
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Adult ,Male ,Adolescent ,030231 tropical medicine ,Population ,law.invention ,Herd immunity ,Genital warts ,Young Adult ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Condom ,law ,Prevalence ,Humans ,Medicine ,Papillomavirus Vaccines ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Papillomaviridae ,Young adult ,Child ,Heterosexuality ,education ,education.field_of_study ,Schools ,General Veterinary ,General Immunology and Microbiology ,biology ,Immunization Programs ,business.industry ,Papillomavirus Infections ,Vaccination ,Australia ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,biology.organism_classification ,medicine.disease ,Infectious Diseases ,Molecular Medicine ,Female ,business ,Demography - Abstract
Background Australia introduced a school-based human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination program for females aged 12–13 years in 2007, with a three-year catch-up to age 26; and for boys aged 12–13 from 2013, with a two-year catch-up to age 15. This study aimed to compare the prevalence of penile HPV between teenage heterosexual males in cohorts eligible or non-eligible for the school-based male vaccination program. Methods Between 2014 and 2017, sexually active heterosexual males aged 17–19 were recruited from sexual health centres and community sources across Australia. Males provided a self-collected penile swab for 37 HPV genotypes using Roche Linear Array and completed a questionnaire. We calculated adjusted prevalence ratios (aPR) of HPV between males in two periods: 2014–2015 (preceding implementation of school-based male vaccination) and 2016–2017 (eligible for school-based male vaccination). Self-reported vaccine doses were confirmed with doses reported to the National HPV Vaccination Program Register. Results Overall, 152 males were recruited in 2014–2015 and 146 in 2016–2017. Numbers of female sex partners and condom use did not differ between the two periods. The prevalence of quadrivalent vaccine-preventable [4vHPV] genotypes (6/11/16/18) was low in both periods (2.6% [2014–15] versus 0.7% [2016–17]; p = 0.371; aPR 0.28 [95% CI: 0.03–2.62]). Compared with men in 2014–2015, men in 2016–2017 had a lower prevalence of any of the 37 HPV genotypes tested (21.7% versus 11.6%; aPR 0.62 [95% CI: 0.36–1.07]) and any of the 13 high-risk genotypes tested (15.8% versus 7.5%; aPR 0.59 [95% CI: 0.30–1.19]). Prevalence of low-risk HPV genotypes did not differ between the two periods. Of the males recruited in 2016–2017, 55% had received ≥1 vaccine dose. Conclusion The prevalence of 4vHPV genotypes among teenage heterosexual males in both cohorts was low, presumably due to herd protection from the female-only vaccination program. Further studies are required to determine the impact of universal HPV vaccination on HPV prevalence in males.
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- 2019
11. Treating pharyngeal gonorrhoea continues to remain a challenge
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Fabian Y S, Kong and Jane S, Hocking
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Male ,Gonorrhea ,Infectious Diseases ,Humans ,Pharyngitis ,Homosexuality, Male ,Neisseria gonorrhoeae - Published
- 2022
12. Kissing, fellatio, and analingus as risk factors for oropharyngeal gonorrhoea in men who have sex with men: A cross-sectional study
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Julien Tran, Jason J. Ong, Catriona S. Bradshaw, Marcus Y. Chen, Fabian Y.S. Kong, Jane S. Hocking, Ei T. Aung, Kate Maddaford, Christopher K. Fairley, and Eric P.F. Chow
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General Medicine - Abstract
Our aim was to determine whether exposure to the anatomical sites (oropharynx, penis, or anus) of male partners of men who have sex with men (MSM) were independent risk factors for oropharyngeal gonorrhoea after adjusting for exposures to these sites.In this cross-sectional study, we invited MSM who attended the Melbourne Sexual Health Centre (MSHC) in Victoria, Australia between 26-November 2018 and 31-December 2020 to complete a survey of their sexual practices in the past three months. We collected data on the number of male partners with whom men engaged in sexual activities that exposed their oropharynx to their partners' oropharynx (kissing), penis (fellatio), and anus (rimming or analingus). Only men who were agedThe median age of the 2,322 men who completed the survey was 31 years (IQR: 26-40), and 5·2% (Our data suggest kissing and rimming are important practices in oropharyngeal gonorrhoea transmission in MSM Novel interventions which target the oropharynx are required for gonorrohoea prevention.Australian National Health and Medical Research Council.
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- 2022
13. Solithromycin versus ceftriaxone plus azithromycin for the treatment of uncomplicated genital gonorrhoea (SOLITAIRE-U): a randomised phase 3 non-inferiority trial
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Catriona S. Bradshaw, Sepehr N. Tabrizi, Basil Donovan, Ashley Nenninger, Ann Avery, David Oldach, Jane S Hocking, Dwight J. Hardy, Christopher K Fairley, Marcus Y Chen, Benjamin P Howden, David M. Whiley, Anita Das, and Anna McNulty
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Adult ,Male ,0301 basic medicine ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Nausea ,Solithromycin ,030106 microbiology ,Gonorrhea ,Population ,Administration, Oral ,Azithromycin ,Injections, Intramuscular ,law.invention ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Randomized controlled trial ,law ,Internal medicine ,Humans ,Medicine ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Adverse effect ,education ,education.field_of_study ,business.industry ,Ceftriaxone ,Australia ,Triazoles ,medicine.disease ,Neisseria gonorrhoeae ,United States ,Anti-Bacterial Agents ,Treatment Outcome ,Infectious Diseases ,Female ,Macrolides ,medicine.symptom ,business ,medicine.drug - Abstract
Summary Background Antibiotic-resistant gonorrhoea represents a global public health threat, and new therapies are needed. We aimed to compare the efficacy and safety of solithromycin, a fourth generation macrolide, with ceftriaxone plus azithromycin for the treatment of gonorrhoea. Methods We did an open-label, multicentre, non-inferiority trial of patients aged 15 years or older with uncomplicated untreated genital gonorrhoea at two sites in Australia and one site in the USA. Patients were randomly assigned (1:1) to receive single dose oral solithromycin 1000 mg or intramuscular ceftriaxone 500 mg plus oral azithromycin 1000 mg. Neisseria gonorrhoeae cultures were obtained at baseline and test of cure (day 7 ± 2). The primary outcome was the proportion of patients with eradication of genital N gonorrhoeae based on culture at test of cure, assessed in the microbiological intention-to-treat (mITT) population, which included all randomly assigned patients who received any dose of study drug and had a positive genital culture for N gonorrhoeae at baseline. Non-inferiority of solithromycin was to be concluded if the lower limit of the 95% CI for the between-group differences was greater than −10%. Safety was analysed in all patients who received any dose of study drug. This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov , number NCT02210325 . Findings Between Sept 3, 2014, and Aug 27, 2015, 262 patients were randomly assigned and 261 received treatment (130 in the solithromycin group and 131 in the ceftriaxone plus azithromycin group). In the mITT population, 99 (80%) of 123 patients in the solithromycin group and 109 (84%) of 129 patients in the ceftriaxone plus azithromycin group had N gonorrhoeae eradication at test of cure (difference −4·0%, 95% CI −13·6 to 5·5), thus solithromycin did not meet the criterion for non-inferiority at the prespecified −10% margin. The frequency of adverse events was higher in the solithromycin group than the ceftriaxone plus azithromycin group (69 [53%] of 130 patients vs 45 [34%] of 131 patients), the most common of which were diarrhoea (31 [24%] of 130 patients vs 20 [15%] of 131 patients), and nausea (27 [21%] of 130 patients vs 15 [11%] of 131 patients). Interpretation Solithromycin as a single 1000 mg dose is not a suitable alternative to ceftriaxone plus azithromycin as first-line treatment for gonorrhoea. If insufficient duration of solithromycin exposure at the infection site in a subset of individuals was the reason for treatment failures, this might be adequately addressed with dose adjustment. However, any further trials with longer dosing need to consider the potential risk of gastrointestinal effects and liver enzyme elevations. Funding Cempra Pharmaceuticals.
- Published
- 2019
14. Postexposure prophylaxis during COVID-19 lockdown in Melbourne, Australia
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Eric P F Chow, Jason J. Ong, Jane S Hocking, Tiffany R. Phillips, and Christopher K Fairley
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Adult ,Male ,2019-20 coronavirus outbreak ,Victoria ,Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) ,Epidemiology ,Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) ,Pneumonia, Viral ,Immunology ,HIV Infections ,Article ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Virology ,Pandemic ,Humans ,Medicine ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Pandemics ,0303 health sciences ,030306 microbiology ,business.industry ,COVID-19 ,medicine.disease ,Pneumonia ,Infectious Diseases ,Female ,Coronavirus Infections ,business - Published
- 2020
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15. Modelling the Contribution that Different Sexual Practices Involving the Oropharynx and Saliva Have on Neisseria gonorrhoeae Infections at Multiple Anatomical Sites in Men Who Have Sex with Men
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Christopher K Fairley, Christian J. P. A. Hoebe, Fabian Y S Kong, Lei Zhang, Jane S Hocking, Xianglong Xu, Deborah A Williamson, Jason J. Ong, Mingwang Shen, and Eric P F Chow
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Neisseria gonorrhoeae Infections ,Saliva ,Anatomical sites ,Oral sex ,business.industry ,Transmission (medicine) ,Neisseria gonorrhoeae ,medicine ,Human sexuality ,medicine.disease_cause ,business ,Demography ,Men who have sex with men - Abstract
Background The spectrum of sexual practices that transmit Neisseria gonorrhoeae in men who have sex with men (MSM) is controversial. No studies have modelled potential Neisseria gonorrhoeae transmission when one sexual practice follows another in the same sexual encounter (‘sequential sexual practices’). Our aim was to test what sequential practices were necessary to replicate the high proportion of MSM who have more than one anatomical site infected with gonorrhoea (‘multisite infection’). Methods To test our aim, we developed eight compartmental models. We first used a baseline model (model 1) that included no sequential sexual practices. We then added three possible sequential transmission routes to model 1: (1) oral sex followed by anal sex (or vice versa) (model 2); (2) using saliva as a lubricant for penile–anal sex (model 3) and (3) oral sex followed by oral–anal sex (rimming) or vice versa (model 4). The next four models (models 5–8) used combinations of the three transmission routes. Results The baseline model could only replicate infection at the single anatomical site and underestimated multisite infection. When we added the three transmission routes to the baseline model, oral sex, followed by anal sex or vice versa, could replicate the prevalence of multisite infection. The other two transmission routes alone or together could not replicate multisite infection without the inclusion of oral sex followed by anal sex or vice versa. Conclusions Our gonorrhoea model suggests sexual practices that involve oral followed by anal sex (or vice versa) may be important for explaining the high proportion of multisite infection.
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- 2020
16. Long-term impact of childhood hepatitis B vaccination programs on prevalence among Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal women giving birth in Western Australia
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John M. Kaldor, Joanne Reekie, James Ward, Bette Liu, Donna B Mak, David B. Preen, Jane S Hocking, and Basil Donovan
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Adult ,Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander ,Population ,Ethnic group ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Pregnancy ,Prevalence ,medicine ,Humans ,030212 general & internal medicine ,education ,Birth Year ,education.field_of_study ,General Veterinary ,General Immunology and Microbiology ,Immunization Programs ,business.industry ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,Infant ,Western Australia ,Odds ratio ,Hepatitis B ,medicine.disease ,Logistic Models ,Infectious Diseases ,Cohort ,Molecular Medicine ,Female ,030211 gastroenterology & hepatology ,Residence ,business ,Demography - Abstract
Background/Aims: To evaluate the long-term effect of infant and childhood hepatitis B (HBV) vaccination programs among birthing women in Western Australia. Methods: A cohort of Western Australian women born from 1974 to 1995 was created using Birth Registrations and Electoral Roll records. They were linked to a perinatal register and notifiable diseases register to identify women having respectively their first births between 2000 and 2012 and diagnoses of HBV infections. HBV prevalence was estimated in Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal women, and according to maternal birth year cohorts. Results: Of 66,073 women, 155 (0.23%) had a linked non-acute HBV notification. HBV prevalence was five times higher in Aboriginal women compared to their non-Aboriginal counterparts (0.92%, 95%CI 0.65–1.18 versus 0.18%, 0.15–0.21). Among Aboriginal women, after adjusting for year of giving birth and region of residence, those born in the targeted infant and school-based vaccination era (maternal year of birth 1988–1995) had an 89% lower risk (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 0.11, 0.04–0.33) of HBV than those born in the pre-vaccination era (1974–1981). Prevalence also differed between Aboriginal women residing in rural/remote areas compared to those in major cities (aOR 3.06, 1.36–6.88). Among non-Aboriginal women, no significant difference in HBV prevalence was observed by maternal birth cohort (p = 0.20) nor by residence (p = 0.23), but there were significant differences by ethnicity with a 36-fold higher prevalence (aOR 36.08, 22.66–57.46) in non-Caucasian versus Caucasian women. Conclusions: A significant decline in HBV prevalence in Aboriginal birthing mothers was observed following the introduction of HBV vaccination programs in Western Australia. There were also considerable disparities in prevalence between women by area of residence and ethnicity. Our findings reflect those observed in women in other Australian jurisdictions. Continued surveillance of HBV prevalence in birthing mothers will provide ongoing estimates of HBV vaccination program impact across Australia and the populations most at risk of chronic HBV.
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- 2018
17. Targeted human papillomavirus vaccination for young men who have sex with men in Australia yields significant population benefits and is cost-effective
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Christopher K Fairley, Jane S Hocking, Manoj Gambhir, Huachun Zou, Matthew Law, Jason J. Ong, David G. Regan, Eric P F Chow, and Lei Zhang
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Adult ,Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Adolescent ,Cost-Benefit Analysis ,Population ,Men who have sex with men ,Genital warts ,Young Adult ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Humans ,Medicine ,Anal cancer ,Papillomavirus Vaccines ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Homosexuality, Male ,Young adult ,education ,Gynecology ,education.field_of_study ,030505 public health ,General Veterinary ,General Immunology and Microbiology ,business.industry ,Incidence (epidemiology) ,Papillomavirus Infections ,Australia ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,virus diseases ,Models, Theoretical ,medicine.disease ,Quality-adjusted life year ,Vaccination ,Infectious Diseases ,Molecular Medicine ,Quality-Adjusted Life Years ,0305 other medical science ,business ,Demography - Abstract
Background We investigated the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of a targeted human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination program for young (15–26) men who have sex with men (MSM). Methods We developed a compartmental model to project HPV epidemic trajectories in MSM for three vaccination scenarios: a boys program, a targeted program for young MSM only and the combination of the two over 2017–2036. We assessed the gain in quality-adjusted-life-years (QALY) in 190,000 Australian MSM. Results A targeted program for young MSM only that achieved 20% coverage per year, without a boys program, will prevent 49,283 (31,253–71,500) cases of anogenital warts, 191 (88–319) person-years living with anal cancer through 2017–2036 but will only stablise anal cancer incidence. In contrast, a boys program will prevent 82,056 (52,100–117,164) cases of anogenital warts, 447 (204–725) person-years living with anal cancers through 2017–2036 and see major declines in anal cancer. This can reduce 90% low- and high-risk HPV in young MSM by 2024 and 2032, respectively, but will require vaccinating ≥84% of boys. Adding a targeted program for young MSM to an existing boys program would prevent an additional 14,912 (8479–21,803) anogenital wart and 91 (42–152) person-years living with anal cancer. In combination with a boys’ program, a catch-up program for young MSM will cost an additional $AUD 6788 ($4628–11,989) per QALY gained, but delaying its implementation reduced its cost-effectiveness. Conclusions A boys program that achieved coverage of about 84% will result in a 90% reduction in HPV. A targeted program for young MSM is cost-effective if timely implemented.
- Published
- 2017
18. Systemic Antibody Response to Chlamydia Trachomatis Infection in Patients Either Infected or Reinfected with Different Chlamydia Serovars
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Jane S Hocking, Wilhelmina M. Huston, Peter Timms, Courtney A. Waugh, Noa Ziklo, and Vivek Kumar Gupta
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0301 basic medicine ,Microbiology (medical) ,Serotype ,Immunoglobulin A ,IgG ,Blotting, Western ,030106 microbiology ,Immunology ,lcsh:QR1-502 ,Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ,Chlamydia trachomatis ,medicine.disease_cause ,Microbiology ,lcsh:Microbiology ,Immunoglobulin G ,Cohort Studies ,03 medical and health sciences ,Immunology and Microbiology (miscellaneous) ,Antigen ,Immunity ,Humans ,Immunology and Allergy ,Medicine ,Chlamydia ,General Immunology and Microbiology ,biology ,business.industry ,Chlamydia Infections ,medicine.disease ,Antibodies, Bacterial ,Antibodies, Neutralizing ,Virology ,Infectious Diseases ,Antibody Formation ,serological response ,biology.protein ,Female ,in vitro neutralisation ,Antibody ,business - Abstract
© 2017 Indian Journal of Medical Microbiology | Published by Wolters Kluwer - Medknow. Introduction: Chlamydia trachomatis is the etiological agent for the most prevalent bacterial sexually transmitted infection in both developed and developing countries. The aim of present study was to characterize the antibody response between two groups of individuals, having either a single C. trachomatis infection and or repeated infections. Material and Methods: Current study consisted of two groups, one with an initial Chlamydia infection and a second with repeated infections. A titre based estimation of specific serum (IgG and IgA) levels using ELISA were performed, which further validated by western blot. In vitro neutralizing ability of each patient's serum against both homologous and heterologous strains was also determined. Results: Individuals infected with one of the C. trachomatis serovars D, E or K exhibited a strong systemic antibody response as characterized by ELISA and western blot. These individuals may have developed at least some level of protection as they only represented single infection. By comparison, individuals infected with serovar D, E or F that exhibited low systemic antibody response often presented repeated C. trachomatis infections, suggesting an association with poor immune response. An in vitro neutralizing level of 60-90% was observed in the human sera against homologous serovar D and two heterologous C. trachomatis serovars E and K, compared to
- Published
- 2017
19. The contribution of Mycoplasma genitalium to the aetiology of sexually acquired infectious proctitis in men who have sex with men
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Melanie Bissessor, Sepehr N. Tabrizi, Marin Poljak, Marcus Y Chen, Catriona S. Bradshaw, Christopher K Fairley, Jane S Hocking, Joanne Peel, Jimmy Twin, and Suzanne M. Garland
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Adult ,Male ,0301 basic medicine ,Microbiology (medical) ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Victoria ,Sexual Behavior ,030106 microbiology ,Sexually Transmitted Diseases ,HIV Infections ,Mycoplasma genitalium ,urologic and male genital diseases ,medicine.disease_cause ,Men who have sex with men ,Young Adult ,03 medical and health sciences ,Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) ,Internal medicine ,Prevalence ,medicine ,Humans ,Mycoplasma Infections ,Proctitis ,Homosexuality, Male ,Gynecology ,Chlamydia ,biology ,Coinfection ,business.industry ,General Medicine ,bacterial infections and mycoses ,biology.organism_classification ,medicine.disease ,female genital diseases and pregnancy complications ,Infectious Diseases ,Neisseria gonorrhoeae ,Chlamydia trachomatis ,business - Abstract
This study examined the contribution of Mycoplasma genitalium to sexually acquired infectious proctitis in men who have sex with men (MSM). MSM with symptomatic proctitis between May 2012 and August 2013 were tested for rectal sexually transmitted infections including chlamydia, gonorrhoea, herpes simplex virus (HSV) and M. genitalium. The load of rectal M. genitalium in men with symptomatic proctitis was compared with a separate group of men who had rectal M. genitalium but no symptoms of proctitis. Among 154 MSM with proctitis, rectal M. genitalium was detected in 18 men (12%, 95% CI 6.9-17.1) and was significantly more common among human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) -positive men (21%, 95% CI 9.5-32.6) than HIV-negative men (8%, 95% CI 2.9-13.1; prevalence ratio 3.2, 95% CI 1.2-8.8). Among HIV-positive men the detection of M. genitalium was comparable to that for chlamydia (21%, 95% CI 9.5-32.5), gonorrhoea (25%, 95% CI 16.2-41.8) and HSV (19%, 95% CI 7.9-30.1). Rectal M. genitalium load was significantly higher among the 18 men with symptomatic M. genitalium-associated proctitis than among a separate group of 18 men with asymptomatic rectal M. genitalium infection (60 000 copies of organism/swab versus 10 744 copies of organism/swab, p 0.023). Comprehensive testing for rectal pathogens in MSM with proctitis should include testing for M. genitalium.
- Published
- 2016
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20. In vitro susceptibility of recent Chlamydia trachomatis clinical isolates to the CtHtrA inhibitor JO146
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Vanissa A. Ong, Amba Lawrence, Jane S Hocking, Lenka A. Vodstrcil, Wilhelmina M. Huston, John A. Allan, Sepehr N. Tabrizi, Kenneth W. Beagley, and Peter Timms
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Serotype ,Serine Proteinase Inhibitors ,Chlamydia ,Serine Endopeptidases ,Immunology ,Organophosphonates ,Erythromycin ,Chlamydia trachomatis ,Dipeptides ,Biology ,medicine.disease_cause ,medicine.disease ,Azithromycin ,Microbiology ,Virology ,In vitro ,Cell Line ,Infectious Diseases ,medicine ,Humans ,Female ,Protease inhibitor (pharmacology) ,medicine.drug - Abstract
The present study aimed to establish if a previously identified Chlamydia trachomatis HtrA (CtHtrA) inhibitor, JO146, is effective against currently circulating clinical isolates to validate if CtHtrA is a clinically relevant target for future therapeutic development. Inhibition of CtHtrA during the middle of the chlamydial replicative cycle until the completion of the cycle resulted in loss of infectious progeny for six unique clinical isolates representing different serovars. This supports the potential for CtHtrA to be a clinically relevant target for development of new therapeutics and suggests the importance of further investigation of JO146 as a lead compound.
- Published
- 2015
21. Dual Intervention to Increase Chlamydia Retesting
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Christopher K Fairley, Phillip Read, Marion Saville, Sepehr N. Tabrizi, Handan Wand, Anna McNulty, William D. Rawlinson, Marcus Y Chen, Suzanne M. Garland, Basil Donovan, John M. Kaldor, Catriona S. Bradshaw, Rebecca Guy, Kirsty S Smith, and Jane S Hocking
- Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty ,Intention-to-treat analysis ,Chlamydia ,Epidemiology ,business.industry ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,medicine.disease ,Men who have sex with men ,law.invention ,Clinical research ,Randomized controlled trial ,law ,Internal medicine ,Physical therapy ,Medicine ,Young adult ,business ,Mass screening ,Reproductive health - Abstract
Introduction Chlamydia retesting 3 months after treatment is recommended to detect reinfections, but retesting rates are typically low. The purpose of this study is to determine if the addition of a postal home collection kit to a short message service (SMS) reminder at 3 months increases the percentage of patients retested for chlamydia at 1–4 months, compared to SMS alone. Design In this unblinded randomized controlled trial, participants were randomized 1:1 to intervention (home arm) or control (clinic arm) status. Setting/participants Participants included 200 each of women, heterosexual men, and men who have sex with men diagnosed and treated for chlamydia at sexual health services. Intervention Three months after chlamydia diagnosis, home arm participants received an SMS reminder and postal home collection kit (women, vaginal swab; heterosexual men, Copan UriSwab; men who have sex with men, UriSwab and rectal swab). Main outcome measures The main outcome measures were the percentage of participants retested at 1–4 months after chlamydia diagnosis and the percentage in each arm with repeat positive tests, by risk group and overall, analyzed by intention to treat. Data were collected from 2011 to 2013 and analyzed in 2014. Results The percentage retested within 1–4 months of chlamydia diagnosis was significantly higher in home versus clinic arm participants among women (64% [66/103] vs 39% [38/97], p p =0.002); men who have sex with men (62% [61/98] vs 44% [45/102], p =0.010); and overall (61% [184/302] vs 39% [117/298], p p =0.021) and overall (10% [31/302] vs 4% [12/298], p =0.006). Conclusions The addition of a postal home collection kit to routine SMS reminders resulted in substantial improvements in chlamydia retesting rates in all three risk groups and detection of more repeat positive tests, compared with SMS alone. Extending the intervention to other primary care settings with low retesting rates should be considered.
- Published
- 2015
22. The maternal health outcomes of paid maternity leave: A systematic review
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Zoe Aitken, Anne Kavanagh, Belinda Hewitt, Cameryn C. Garrett, Jane S Hocking, and Louise Keogh
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medicine.medical_specialty ,Health (social science) ,Cross-sectional study ,Health Status ,Maternal Health ,MEDLINE ,Mothers ,CINAHL ,PsycINFO ,History and Philosophy of Science ,Nursing ,Humans ,Medicine ,Longitudinal Studies ,Social policy ,business.industry ,Public health ,Mental health ,Parental Leave ,Cross-Sectional Studies ,Mental Health ,Family medicine ,Spouse Abuse ,Female ,Parental leave ,business - Abstract
Paid maternity leave has become a standard benefit in many countries throughout the world. Although maternal health has been central to the rationale for paid maternity leave, no review has specifically examined the effect of paid maternity leave on maternal health. The aim of this paper is to provide a systematic review of studies that examine the association between paid maternity leave and maternal health. We conducted a comprehensive search of electronic databases (Medline, Embase, CINAHL, PsycINFO, Web of Science, Sociological Abstracts) and Google Scholar. We searched websites of relevant organisations, reference lists of key papers and journals, and citation indices for additional studies including those not in refereed journals. There were no language restrictions. Studies were included if they compared paid maternity leave versus no paid maternity leave, or different lengths of paid leave. Data were extracted and an assessment of bias was performed independently by authors. Seven studies were identified, with participants from Australia, Sweden, Norway, USA, Canada, and Lebanon. All studies used quantitative methodologies, including cohort, cross-sectional, and repeated cross-sectional designs. Outcomes included mental health and wellbeing, general health, physical wellbeing, and intimate partner violence. The four studies that examined leave at an individual level showed evidence of maternal health benefits, whereas the three studies conducting policy-level comparisons reported either no association or evidence of a negative association. The synthesis of the results suggested that paid maternity leave provided maternal health benefits, although this varied depending on the length of leave. This has important implications for public health and social policy. However, all studies were subject to confounding bias and many to reverse causation. Given the small number of studies and the methodological limitations of the evidence, longitudinal studies are needed to further clarify the effects of paid maternity leave on the health of mothers in paid employment.
- Published
- 2015
23. Using computer-assisted survey instruments instead of paper and pencil increased completeness of self-administered sexual behavior questionnaires
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Alaina Vaisey, Jane S Hocking, Anna Wood, Simone Spark, Dyani Lewis, Rebecca Lorch, Meredith Temple-Smith, Rebecca Guy, and Eris Smyth
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Adult ,Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Adolescent ,Epidemiology ,Sexual Behavior ,Young Adult ,Surveys and Questionnaires ,Odds Ratio ,medicine ,Humans ,Young adult ,Data collection ,business.industry ,Data Collection ,Odds ratio ,Confidence interval ,Primary care clinic ,Sexual behavior ,Computers, Handheld ,Family medicine ,Self-Administered ,Female ,Self Report ,Survey instrument ,business - Abstract
OBJECTIVES: To compare the data quality, logistics, and cost of a self-administered sexual behavior questionnaire administered either using a computer-assisted survey instrument (CASI) or by paper and pencil in a primary care clinic. STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING: A self-administered sexual behavior questionnaire was administered to 16-29 year olds attending general practice. Questionnaires were administered by either paper and pencil (paper) or CASI. A personal digital assistant was used to self-administer the CASI. RESULTS: A total of 4,491 people completed the questionnaire, with 46.9% responses via CASI and 53.2% by paper. Completion of questions was greater for CASI than for paper for sexual behavior questions: number of sexual partners [odds ratio (OR), 6.85; 95% confidence interval (CI): 3.32, 14.11] and ever having had sex with a person of the same gender (OR, 2.89; 95% CI: 1.52, 5.49). The median number of questions answered was higher for CASI than for paper (17.6 vs. 17.2; P < 0.01). CASI was cheaper to run at $8.18 per questionnaire compared with $11.83 for paper. CONCLUSION: Electronic devices using CASI are a tool that can increase participants' questionnaire responses and deliver more complete data for a sexual behavior questionnaire in primary care clinics.
- Published
- 2015
24. Site-specific human papillomavirus infection in adolescent men who have sex with men (HYPER): an observational cohort study
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Marcus Y Chen, Andrea Morrow, Catriona S. Bradshaw, Matthew Law, Andrew E. Grulich, Alyssa M. Cornall, Garrett Prestage, Jane S Hocking, Sepehr N. Tabrizi, Huachun Zou, Christopher K Fairley, and Suzanne M. Garland
- Subjects
Gynecology ,medicine.medical_specialty ,biology ,business.industry ,Obstetrics ,Incidence (epidemiology) ,HPV infection ,virus diseases ,Anal canal ,medicine.disease ,biology.organism_classification ,female genital diseases and pregnancy complications ,Men who have sex with men ,Infectious Diseases ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Cohort ,Medicine ,Anal cancer ,Papillomaviridae ,business ,Cohort study - Abstract
Summary Background Men who have sex with men (MSM) have an increased risk of anogenital human papilomavirus (HPV) infection, which can lead to HPV-related anogenital lesions such as warts, anal intraepithelial neoplasia, and anal cancer. Some of these HPV types are preventable with vaccines. We aimed to describe the incidence of anal, penile, and oral HPV infection, and to estimate the site-specific transmission probability per partner, for teenage MSM. Methods In our observational cohort study, we enrolled teenage MSM (aged 16–20 years) with low sexual exposure and a low prevalence of HPV in Melbourne (VIC, Australia). At baseline, 3, 6, and 12 months, we took a swab from the anal canal, and participants self-collected a swab from the penis and an oral rinse. Our primary outcome was definite and probable incident HPV infection of the anus, penis, or mouth at any time in the 12 months from baseline, assessed through the presence of HPV DNA. We defined definite incident HPV infection as the same HPV type detected more than once from the same site in men who had a negative HPV test at baseline. We defined probable incident HPV infection as only one positive test. We estimated the probability of HPV transmission per partner using HPV prevalence in MSM with a similar age to partners of men in our cohort. This study is registered at the Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry and ClinicalTrials.gov, numbers ACTRN12611000857909 and NCT01422356. Findings We enrolled 200 MSM aged 16–20 years (median 19 years [IRQ 18–20; range 16–20]) between Sept 20, 2010, and Aug 24, 2012. Over the 12 month follow-up period, we detected 48 definite (107 possible) HPV infections in the anus, ten definite (34 possible) HPV infections on the penis, and no definite (six possible) infections in the mouth. Definite incidence rate per 100 person-years for any anal HPV infection was 57 (95% CI 46–68), and for any anal HPV type in the quadrivalent vaccine was 33 (23–44). Definite incidence rate per 100 person-years for any penile HPV was 12 (6–21) and for any HPV type in the quadrivalent vaccine was 5 (1–12). Estimated probabilities of HPV transmission from the penis to the anus were significantly higher than were those from the anus to the penis (p Interpretation High incidence rates suggest that the vaccination coverage in MSM will need to be high. The transmission estimates will inform HPV modelling. Funding Merck.
- Published
- 2015
25. Sexual Behaviors and Risk for Sexually Transmitted Infections Among Teenage Men Who Have Sex With Men
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Catriona S. Bradshaw, Christopher K Fairley, Garrett Prestage, Andrew E. Grulich, Alyssa M. Cornall, Andrea Morrow, Marcus Y Chen, Suzanne M. Garland, Jane S Hocking, Sepehr N. Tabrizi, and Huachun Zou
- Subjects
Male ,Safe Sex ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Pediatric AIDS ,Adolescent ,Urban Population ,Cross-sectional study ,Sexual Behavior ,Gonorrhea ,Sexually Transmitted Diseases ,Health Promotion ,Risk Assessment ,Statistics, Nonparametric ,Men who have sex with men ,Condoms ,Young Adult ,Age Distribution ,Risk-Taking ,Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) ,Surveys and Questionnaires ,Confidence Intervals ,Prevalence ,medicine ,Humans ,Homosexuality, Male ,Young adult ,Health Education ,Gynecology ,Chi-Square Distribution ,Chlamydia ,business.industry ,Australia ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,virus diseases ,medicine.disease ,Psychiatry and Mental health ,Cross-Sectional Studies ,Sexual Partners ,Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health ,Syphilis ,business ,Attitude to Health ,Demography - Abstract
Objectives: To report on sexual behaviors and sexually transmitted infections (STIs) among men whohavesexwithmen(MSM)intheirteens,whenmanyMSMengageintheir firstsexualexperiences. Methods: MSM aged 16 to 20 years were recruited via community and other sources. Men completed a questionnaire about their sexual behaviors and were screened for gonorrhea, chlamydia, syphilis, and HIV. Results: Two hundred men were included. The median age was 19 years. The median age at first insertive or receptive anal intercourse was 17 years. Half of men reported sex with mainly older men: these men were more likely to engage in receptive anal intercourse (48% vs. 25%, p < .001) than other men. Most men had engaged in insertive (87%) and receptive (85%) anal intercourse in the prior 12 months with 60% and 53% reporting inconsistent condom use with insertive and receptive anal intercourse partners, respectively. The median number of insertive anal intercourse partners was 3 and 1.5 (p < .001) among men reporting inconsistent and consistent condom use with insertive anal intercourse over the prior 12 months. The median number of receptive anal intercourse partners was 3 and 2 (p ¼ .006) among men reporting inconsistent and consistent condom use with receptive anal intercourse over the prior 12 months. Pharyngeal gonorrhea, rectal gonorrhea, urethral chlamydia, rectal chlamydia, and syphilis were detected in 3.0%, 5.5%, 3.0%, 4%, and 2.0% of men, respectively. All men were HIV negative. Conclusion: Many of the teenage MSM in this study were at risk for STI. Preventative messages and STI screening interventions that are age appropriate need to be developed to reduce HIV and STI risk in this under-recognized group.
- Published
- 2014
26. Trends in anal cancer in Australia, 1982–2005
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Julia M.L. Brotherton, Alicia N. Stein, David G. Regan, Jane S Hocking, Matthew Law, Fengyi Jin, Andrew E. Grulich, and E. Lynne Conway
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Adult ,Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Adenocarcinoma ,medicine ,Humans ,Anal cancer ,Survival rate ,Aged ,Cervical cancer ,General Veterinary ,General Immunology and Microbiology ,Relative survival ,business.industry ,Obstetrics ,Incidence ,Anal Adenocarcinoma ,Incidence (epidemiology) ,Australia ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,Cancer ,Middle Aged ,Anus Neoplasms ,medicine.disease ,Surgery ,Survival Rate ,Infectious Diseases ,Cohort ,Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ,Molecular Medicine ,Female ,business - Abstract
Background Most anal squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs) are caused by high risk types of human papillomavirus (HPV) and are potentially preventable by HPV vaccination. In order to understand the burden of potentially preventable anal cancer in Australia, we examine the incidence and survival from invasive anal SCC 1982–2005. Methods We reviewed data on invasive anal cancer cases notified to the National Cancer Statistics Clearing House. Age specific incidence rates of SCC were calculated by year of cancer diagnosis and by birth cohort, and rates of anal adenocarcinoma were included for comparison. Incidence rates were age standardised to the Australian 2001 standard population. Trends in relative survival of SCC were examined. Results During the study period, a total of 4615 invasive anal cancer cases were diagnosed and most (69.7%) were SCC. Annual incidence of SCC increased almost 50%, from 0.65 to 1.00/100,000. Incidence increased at all ages. The annual rate of increase was almost two-folder higher in men (3.42%, 95% CI 2.49–4.35) than in women (1.88%, 95% CI 1.18–2.58). Five-year relative survival increased by nearly 10% from 58.9% to 68.3% over the last 20 years. Younger patients and women had better survival. For anal adenocarcinoma, increases of borderline significance were seen in men and women. Conclusion There is an increasing burden of anal SCC in Australia. The group with the highest incidence – homosexual men – are not likely to be protected under the current vaccination policy.
- Published
- 2011
27. Tracing and recruiting a cohort with community acquired hepatitis 25 years later
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Anna Lanigan, Jane S Hocking, Alison J. Rodger, and Nick Crofts
- Subjects
Adult ,Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Victoria ,Next of kin ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Directory ,Cohort Studies ,Officer ,medicine ,Humans ,Registries ,Substance Abuse, Intravenous ,Retrospective Studies ,media_common ,business.industry ,Medical record ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,Records ,Retrospective cohort study ,Hepatitis C ,Community-Acquired Infections ,Family medicine ,Cohort ,Female ,business ,Publicity ,Algorithms ,Follow-Up Studies ,Cohort study - Abstract
Objective: We describe the methods used to trace and recruit a cohort (including injecting drug users) 25 years after admission to hospital in Melbourne with hepatitis. Methods: Information recorded in the original medical record was used for tracing purposes. Subjects were located using the electoral roll, CD-ROM telephone directory, the Health Insurance Commission database, Hepatitis Foundation newsletters, advertising and features in the press and local radio. Other approaches included contacting local medical officer or next of kin from the original admission, and the National Death Registry. Results: Tracing was undertaken on all members of the cohort; two-thirds were located. Methods were applied sequentially and 36% were found by CD-ROM telephone directory and the electoral roll, 33% from Health Insurance records, 15% by letter to last known address, 10% from contact of original next of kin, 3% from radio publicity and 1% from media advertisements. Of those who were located, 85% participated in the study. Conclusions: Accurate ascertainment of birth date and full name from original case records was essential for tracing purposes. Use of Health Insurance records and CD-ROM telephone directory and the electoral roll were the most successful means of locating subjects while newspaper advertising was non-productive and expensive. History of IDU was the major association with failure to trace and unwillingness to enrol, but despite this tracing and recruitment was high in this group. The high participation rate in those located appears to be due to the experience of the staff member making the initial contact.
- Published
- 2001
28. Greatest effect of HPV vaccination from school-based programmes
- Author
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Jane S Hocking and David G. Regan
- Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty ,biology ,business.industry ,MEDLINE ,Hpv vaccination ,medicine.disease ,biology.organism_classification ,Genital warts ,Vaccination ,Papillomavirus Vaccines ,Infectious Diseases ,Family medicine ,medicine ,School based ,Papillomaviridae ,business - Published
- 2015
29. Rising HIV infection in Victoria: an analysis of surveillance data
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Margaret Hellard, Rebecca Guy, Alan Breschkin, Jane S Hocking, Cathy M Keenan, and Michael G Catton
- Subjects
Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Surveillance data ,Victoria ,Casual ,business.industry ,lcsh:Public aspects of medicine ,Hiv epidemic ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) ,virus diseases ,HIV Infections ,lcsh:RA1-1270 ,medicine.disease_cause ,Men who have sex with men ,Population Surveillance ,Environmental health ,Immunology ,Epidemiology ,medicine ,Humans ,Female ,business ,Disease Notification ,Hiv surveillance - Abstract
Objectives: To describe the epidemiology of HIV in Victoria between 1997 and 2002 using HIV surveillance data. Methods: All HIV diagnoses notified to the Victorian HIV Registry from 1997 to 2002 were described. Results: The average annual number of HIV notifications rose from 160 during 1997–99 to 216 during 2000–02, with the number of infections from men who have sex with men (MSM) increasing by 41%. Notifications from MSM acquired from casual or anonymous partners increased from 65 in 1997–99 to 92 in 2000–02. Infections attributable to heterosexual contact increased from an average number of 30 during 1997–99 to 46 during 2000–02, a 53% increase. Conclusions: This rise in HIV notifications in Victoria threatens this State's progress in controlling the HIV epidemic. Implications: The surveillance data demonstrate a need to implement effective, innovative and evidence-based programs for HIV prevention.
- Published
- 2004
30. Antecedent 99MTC-MDP and 99mtc-Sestamibi Administration Corrupts Bone Mineral Density Measured By Dual X-Ray Absorptiometry
- Author
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Jane S Hocking, Fergus McKiernan, and Susan Cournoyer
- Subjects
Bone mineral ,Antecedent (logic) ,business.industry ,Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism ,Medicine ,Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging ,Orthopedics and Sports Medicine ,Dual x-ray absorptiometry ,99mTc Sestamibi ,business ,Nuclear medicine - Published
- 2006
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