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Resume Introduction d’objectifs Le traitement medical des symptomes du bas appareil urinaire en rapport avec une hyperplasie benigne de la prostate (SBAU-HBP) a beaucoup evolue ces dernieres annees avec l’apparition de nouvelles molecules. L’impact de ces traitements sur la fonction sexuelle n’est pas negligeable. L’objectif primaire de ce travail, est de faire une mise au point sur les effets potentiels sexuels des traitements des SBAU-HBP. L’objectif secondaire est de proposer une methode d’evaluation et de prise en charge des ces troubles. Materiel et methodes Une revue systematique de la litterature scientifique a ete realisee a partir de la base de donnees Pub Med. La recherche a ete effectuee entre 1999 et 2012 avec les mots clefs suivants « benign prostatic hyperplasia » « medical treatment » « male sexual dysfunction ». Resultats De nombreuses therapeutiques medicales ont fait l’objet d’etudes randomisees pour le traitement des SBAU-HBP. Les effets secondaires sur la fonction sexuelle sont bien repertories et se resument a une diminution de la libido, dysfonction erectile, dysfonction d’ejaculation. Conclusion L’association SBAU-HBP et dysfonction sexuelle devient une entite a part entiere et reste independante d’autres facteurs susceptibles d’interagir sur la sexualite (âge, comorbidite cardio vasculaire, modification du style de vie) Il faut savoir evaluer la dysfonction sexuelle avant d’initier le traitement des SBAU-HBP. Tous ces traitements peuvent retentir sur la sexualite. Leur prise en charge peut s’averer delicate.

Pro-inflammatory cytokines produce manifestations of sickness during inflammation, such as malaise and lethargy. They also contribute to effects of inflammation on mood. Anti-inflammatory cytokines counteract damage caused by inflammatory processes and can limit the severity of inflammation. However, very little is known about the role of anti-inflammatory cytokines in sickness and mood changes during immune activation. The purpose of this study was to determine if a prototypical anti-inflammatory cytokine, interleukin 10 (IL-10), can offset sickness behavior and anxiety caused by a pro-inflammatory cytokine, and whether IL-10 itself modifies anxiety. Rodent models of sickness display suppression of behavioral activity that may reflect lethargy or malaise, while models of anxiety display reduced exploration in several tasks. The effects of peripheral single dose of cytokines on open field exploration, social interaction and elevated plus maze (EPM) tests in adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were measured at 30–50 min post-treatment. The prototypical pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-1β (1 μg, i.p.) caused a decrease in locomotor activity indicative of sickness behavior, but disproportionately reduced central area exploration in the open field, open arm exploration in the EPM and lowered social interaction. IL-10 (1 μg, i.p.) had no effect on locomotor activity, but itself produced anxiety-like behavior in the open field and EPM. However, rats co-treated with both IL-10 and IL-1β showed locomotor activity, open field, social interaction and EPM behaviors very similar to control groups. This data demonstrate that IL-10 is capable of mitigating the sickness and anxiogenic effects caused by IL-1β, but that immune imbalance toward either a pro-inflammatory or an anti-inflammatory state can produce anxiety. This has importance for understanding the scope of immune changes that produce psychiatric symptoms, and provides preliminary indication that anti-inflammatory cytokines may be potentially useful in treatment of anxiety induced by inflammatory conditions.

Lymphedema associated with other developmental malformations (Milroy syndrome, Hennekam syndrome, Noonan syndrome, Gorham-Stout syndrome, yellow nail syndrome) are unfrequent disease, but explorations led to the identification of genetic mutations that have then been validated in mouse models. However, lymphatic vessels complexity and its proximity with the venous system suggest the need for further researches, especially in the comprehension of pulmonary symptoms.

Affective disorders are believed to involve dysfunction within the amygdala, a key structure for processing emotional information. Chronic stress may contribute to affective disorders such as depression and anxiety via its effects on the amygdala. Previous research has shown that chronic stress increases amygdala neuronal activity in an age-dependent manner. However, whether these distinct changes in amgydala neuronal activity are accompanied by age-dependent changes in amygdala-dependent affective behavior is unclear. In this study, we investigated how chronic stress impacts amgydala-dependent auditory fear conditioning in adolescent and adult rats in a repeated restraint model. We found that repeated restraint enhanced conditioned freezing in both adolescent and adult rats. But repeated restraint led to impaired acquisition of fear extinction only in adolescent rats. Along with previous findings, these results suggest that chronic stress may precipitate affective disorders via differential mechanisms, with different outcomes at different ages.

Resume Objectif de l’etude La curietherapie par implants d’iode 125 est une des techniques de reference pour la prise en charge des patients atteints d’un cancer de prostate a faible risque de rechute biochimique avec bonne fonction urinaire. Cette analyse retrospective evalue la toxicite urinaire, digestive et sexuelle et les facteurs pouvant influer sur leur duree. Patients et methodes D’aout 2000 a novembre 2007, 176 patients atteints d’un adenocarcinome prostatique ont beneficie d’une curietherapie. La toxicite urinaire, digestive et sexuelle a ete evaluee selon la classification Common toxicities criteria for adverse events, version 3.0 (CTCAE V3.0). Au sein de chaque categorie de toxicite, le nombre de complications urinaires (dysurie, pollakiurie, etc.), digestifs (rectorragie, diarrhees, etc.) et sexuels (dyserection, perte de la libido, etc.) a ete recense et analyse selon des criteres lies au patient, a l’implant, aux donnees dosimetriques et aux caracteristiques de la toxicite. Les facteurs identifies comme pronostiques d’une longue duree de toxicite en analyse unifactorielle (test du Log Rank) ont ete retenus en analyse multifactorielle (modele de Cox). Resultats Le suivi median etait de 26 mois (1–87). Cent quarante-sept patients (83,5 %) ont souffert d’une toxicite urinaire dont 29,5 % (86 patients) de grade 2 et 2,4 % (sept patients) de grade 3. En analyse unifactorielle, ont ete reconnus comme facteurs de risque de duree de la toxicite urinaire le grade superieur ou egal a 2 ( p = 0,037), la presence de troubles initiaux ( p = 0,027) et un nombre de complications superieur ou egal a 2 ( p = 0,00032). Seul le nombre de toxicites urinaires etait identifie comme facteur independant en analyse multifactorielle ( p = 0,04). Soixante et onze patients (40,6 %) ont souffert de toxicite digestive dont 3 % (six patients) de grade 2 et aucun de grade 3. Ont ete reconnus comme facteurs de risque de duree de la toxicite digestive en analyse unifactorielle et analyse multifactorielle : un nombre de complications digestives superieur ou egal a 2 (analyse unifactorielle : p = 0,00129, analyse multifactorielle : p = 0,002) et un âge inferieur ou egal a 65 ans (analyse unifactorielle : p = 0,004, analyse multifactorielle : p = 0,007). Quatre-vingt trois patients (47,4 %) ont souffert d’une toxicite sexuelle dont 26,9 % (49 patients) de grade 2 et 5 % (neuf patients) de grade 3. Un nombre de grains superieur a 75 ( p = 0,032), un grade superieur ou egal a 2 ( p p = 0,0015). Conclusion La duree des complications urinaires, digestives et sexuelles sera d’autant plus longue que le nombre de complications et l’intensite de leur grade seront grands. Cette analyse permet de fournir au patient des informations plus precises quant a la persistance de ses complications post-therapeutiques.

Journal de Gynecologie Obstetrique et Biologie de la Reproduction - Vol. 38 - N° 1 - p. 77-82

La pieloplastia por via abierta de tipo Anderson-Hynes es la tecnica sobre la que se dispone de un mayor tiempo de seguimiento; su eficacia perdura mas de diez anos, segun las series de la literatura. Las ventajas de esta tecnica consisten en proporcionar una excelente exposicion de la union pieloureteral, presentar una anatomia familiar para todos los urologos, permitir una excelente seccion de la pelvis renal y practicar una anastomosis estanca. En este articulo se recogen sus distintas modalidades, cuyo conocimiento es indispensable para cualquier urologo.

Background The basolateral complex (BLA) and the central nucleus of the amygdala (CeA) are believed to mediate the expression of affective responses. After affective learning, conditioned stimulus–related information is thought to be conveyed from the BLA to the CeA; the medial CeA (Cem), in turn, projects to hypothalamic and brainstem structures involved with induction of affective responses. Although the conditioned stimulus and unconditioned stimulus both evoke affective responses, the precise response often differs. It is unknown whether this difference is represented by distinct activity patterns of single Cem neurons. Furthermore, the nature of the interaction between the BLA and Cem is unknown. Methods Using in vivo extracellular and intracellular recordings, we examined how the BLA affects the Cem and compared this with effects induced by footshock (unconditioned stimulus) in the same neurons. Results Our results demonstrate that, contrary to conventional views, BLA stimulation primarily inhibits Cem neurons by a polysynaptic circuit, and show that single Cem neurons respond to both BLA input and footshock in an opposite manner. Conclusions These results demonstrate the predominantly inhibitory nature of the BLA–Cem interaction. These data further demonstrate the distinct cellular events that might lead to differential modulation of conditioned and unconditioned affective responses.

The basolateral amygdala (BLA) is a component of a system that drives and modulates affective behavior. Some forms of affective behavior are regulated by the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and enhanced by dopamine (DA). By using intracellular and extracellular electrophysiological techniques in anesthetized rats, our studies attempt to uncover cellular mechanisms that allow for regulation of affect by PFC-induced inhibition of BLA output and plasticity, as well as mechanisms by which DA enhances affective behavior via modulation of BLA neuronal excitability, afferent input and plasticity. We have found that stimulation of medial PFC (mPFC) results in a profound inhibition of BLA output, manifest as a suppression of spontaneous, intracellular current-driven or sensory cortical afferent-driven spike firing of BLA projection neurons. This inhibition is mediated by excitation of GABAergic interneurons of the BLA. Activation of DA receptors attenuates this inhibitory action of the mPFC, while enhancing other (i.e., sensory-related) inputs by increases in postsynaptic excitability of BLA projection neurons. Furthermore, Pavlovian conditioning procedures that pair an odor with a footshock result in enhanced odor-evoked postsynaptic potentials. This plasticity of odor-evoked responses is blocked by antagonism of DA receptors and by stimulation of mPFC. Our data indicate that the mPFC exerts regulatory control over BLA via suppression of spontaneous and sensory-driven activity, as well as BLA plasticity. Activation of DA receptors suppresses the inhibitory influence of the mPFC, allowing sensory-driven BLA activity and plasticity. Functionally, in the presence of high DA levels, which suppresses mPFC-evoked inhibition, one source of affective control will be dampened. Furthermore, sensory-related inputs will be further enhanced by the increased excitability of BLA neurons. This situation is expected to maximize affective responses to sensory stimuli, as well as plasticity.

Sand grains coated with Fe-hydroxide were compared to uncoated sand grains as an absorbant filtration media for the treatment of metal-bearing waters. Coated and uncoated sand grains were placed into dialysis cells of a multilayer sampler and then placed into a research well. After two months of exposure, the samples were retrieved and analyzed for Cr, Pb, Ni, Cd, Mn and Co concentrations. Transmitted light and scanning electron light microscopy showed that the coating prevailed in the field and was not removed. Only Cr showed significant enrichment on the coated material compared to the uncoated material, indicating that the exposure of the Fe-coated surface to groundwater was sufficient for preferential scavenging of Cr from the water. The eight-fold enrichment of Cr may be related to its oxidation state of +3, thereby readily permitting substitution into the Fe 3+ position in the coating material. The rest of the studied metals were only slightly enriched in the coated grain.

A multilayer sampler (MLS) has been used in a deep phreatic aquifer to collect particulate matter transported by a natural gradient flow field. The trace-metal content (Fe, Mn, Cu, Zn, Ag) associated to the carbonate, organic and oxide fractions of the particulate matter has been characterized by Eulerian variability at a microscale level (

The preparations, X-ray crystals structures, optical, ESR and magnetic characterizations of new Organic-donor Inorganic -Acceptor salts are presented. The [BEDT-TFF]2M6O19 ( M = Mo ( 1 ) and W ( 2 )) present orthogonalized fully oxidized and diamagnetic organic dimers. The structure of (TPh-TTF)2W6O19 (3) shows isolated and fully oxidized organic molecules. Organic stacks made of phenyl-rings and central TTF parts are also observed in the latter compound.

Water parcels of different chemical composition were detected in a 1 m thick and up to 17 m/d fast-flowing groundwater system using a multi-layer sampler based on the dialysis cell technique. The parcels result from the infiltration of sewage effluents and also probably due to the leaching of sewage sludge from the agricultural land surface. Samples obtained at depth intervals as small as 3 cm in a natural gradient flow field revealed relative high concentrations and variable vertical profiles of Na + , NO 3 − , HCO 3 − , SO 4 2− and DOC 9 m downstream of the infiltration pipe. A pump used to obtain water samples during a 2 year period, in the same research field, proved to be an inadequate sampling technique to trace the movement of sewage effluent.

Metal concentrations were determined for groundwater suspended matter from a site in the coastal aquifer of Israel which has been irrigated with secondary sewage effluents since the 1960's. Suspended matter was collected from the aquifer saturated zone by pumping and by a multi-layer sampler. Fine sediments were collected from both the unsaturated and saturated zones of the contaminated aquifer, as well as from an adjacent uncontaminated environment. Ag, Cu, Fe, Mn and Zn were leached from the samples in three sequential chemical extractions which are taken to represent the carbonate, organic and oxide phases. Comparison of the aquifer samples to those of the adjacent environment showed that Fe and Mn are primarily enriched in non-mobile fine sediments and not in suspended matter, whereas the concentrations of Zu, Cu and Ag show up to an order of magnitude enrichment in the mobile suspended matter in groundwater. The enrichment of these metals in the suspended matter indicates that metals from sewage effluents and agricultural activities have reached the groundwater.

Objectifs Evaluer la faisabilite et l’apport de l’elastographie ultrasonore dans l’exploration testiculaire. Materiels et methodes Une population de 30 sujets normaux et une serie de 12 lesions testiculaires etaient etudiees en elastographie ultrasonore a l’aide d’une sonde de 13,5 MHz (Siemens Antares). Le testicule etant immobilise, l’elastographie etait appliquee, la simple gravite de la sonde assurant la compression glandulaire. Les donnees etaient presentees en echelle de gris et en mode couleur dont la colorisation variait selon la durete de la lesion. La faisabilite de l’examen etait appreciee. Resultats La qualite et la tolerance de l’examen etaient bonnes dans tous les cas. Les testicules des sujets sains presentaient tous un hyper-signal homogene. Les lesions etudiees comprenaient huit lesions malignes, un leydigiome, deux kystes et une orchite ischemique d’allure pseudo-tumorale. Seules les tumeurs malignes presentaient dans tous les cas un franc hyposignal homogene temoignant de leur durete. Le leydigiome n’etait pas distinct du reste de la glande. Les kystes presentaient un hypersignal caracteristique a leur face posterieure. L’orchite ischemique presentait un signal inhomogene de durete variable. Conclusion L’elastographie ultrasonore presente un potentiel interessant dans l’etude des lesions testiculaires notamment dans les lesions non palpables, kystiques ou pseudo-tumorales.

Objectifs Evaluer la faisabilite et l’apport de l’elastographie ultrasonore dans l’exploration testiculaire. Materiels et methodes Une population de 30 sujets normaux et une serie de 12 lesions testiculaires etaient etudiees en elastographie ultrasonore a l’aide d’une sonde de 13,5 MHz (Siemens antares). Le testicule etant immobilise, l’elastographie etait appliquee, la simple gravite de la sonde assurant la compression glandulaire. Les donnees etaient presentees en echelle de gris et en mode couleur dont la colorisation variait selon la durete de la lesion. La faisabilite de l’examen etait appreciee. Resultats La qualite et la tolerance de l’examen etaient bonnes dans tous les cas. Les testicules des sujets sains presentaient tous un hypersignal homogene. Les lesions etudiees comprenaient huit lesions malignes, un leydigiome, deux kystes et une orchite ischemique d’allure pseudo-tumorale. Seules les tumeurs malignes presentaient dans tous les cas un franc hyposignal homogene temoignant de leur durete. Le leydigiome n’etait pas distinct du reste de la glande. Les kystes presentaient un hypersignal caracteristique a leur face posterieure. L’orchite ischemique presentait un signal inhomogene de durete variable. Conclusion L’elastographie ultrasonore presente un potentiel interessant dans l’etude des lesions testiculaires notamment dans les lesions non palpables, kystiques ou pseudo-tumorales.

Most studies of metals in groundwater involve sample filtration. A water sampling technique based on dialysis cells has an advantage of in situ separation of particulate (colloidal) matter from the fluid, thus avoiding overload of the membrane during laboratory filtration. A series of laboratory and field experiments were carried out with a multi-layer sampler based on the dialysis cell technique. Results show that (1) the time of equilibration for Cu and Mn is within 2 d, (2) dialysis cells do not absorb these metals, and (3) the metal content measured in the dialysis cells is much lower than that in water taken by bailer and filtered in the laboratory. Measurements of metal profiles in the water table zone of the phreatic Coastal Plain Aquifer of Israel show both vertical and horizontal variations in Mn content which can be related to changes in pH due to biological activity in this aquifer.