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1. Sequence of events from the onset to the demise of the Last Interglacial: Evaluating strengths and limitations of chronologies used in climatic archives

Author

Marit-Solveig Seidenkrantz, Amaelle Landais, Claude Hillaire-Marcel, Emilie Capron, Aline Govin, Rainer Zahn, Thomas Blunier, Lucie Bazin, Nathalie Combourieu-Nebout, Valérie Masson-Delmotte, Patricia Jimenez-Amat, Daniel Veres, Polychronis C Tzedakis, A El Ouahabi, Rainer Gersonde, Belen Martrat, Joseph S. Stoner, Dominique Genty, Frédéric Parrenin, Sophie Verheyden, Bassam Ghaleb, Guillaume St-Onge, Franck Bassinot, Claire Waelbroeck, Center for Marine Environmental Sciences [Bremen] (MARUM), Universität Bremen, Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Climat et Magnétisme (CLIMAG), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), British Antarctic Survey (BAS), Natural Environment Research Council (NERC), Department of Geography, University College of London [London] (UCL), Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique (IRSNB), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Centre de recherche sur la dynamique du système Terre (GEOTOP), Université de Montréal (UdeM)-McGill University = Université McGill [Montréal, Canada]-École Polytechnique de Montréal (EPM)-Concordia University [Montreal]-Université du Québec à Rimouski (UQAR)-Université du Québec à Montréal = University of Québec in Montréal (UQAM)-Université du Québec en Abitibi-Témiscamingue (UQAT), Institut des Sciences de la MER de Rimouski (ISMER), Université du Québec à Rimouski (UQAR), College of Earth, Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences [Corvallis] (CEOAS), Oregon State University (OSU), Paléocéanographie (PALEOCEAN), Centre for Ice and Climate [Copenhagen], Niels Bohr Institute [Copenhagen] (NBI), Faculty of Science [Copenhagen], University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (KU)-University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (KU)-Faculty of Science [Copenhagen], University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (KU)-University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (KU), Histoire naturelle de l'Homme préhistorique (HNHP), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD), Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC), Glaces et Continents, Climats et Isotopes Stables (GLACCIOS), Department of Bentho-pelagic processes, Alfred-Wegener-Institut, Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung (AWI), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Laboratoire de glaciologie et géophysique de l'environnement (LGGE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), Aarhus University [Aarhus], Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Analytical, Environmental & Geo-Chemistry, Chemistry, Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), École Polytechnique de Montréal (EPM)-McGill University = Université McGill [Montréal, Canada]-Université de Montréal (UdeM)-Université du Québec en Abitibi-Témiscamingue (UQAT)-Université du Québec à Rimouski (UQAR)-Concordia University [Montreal]-Université du Québec à Montréal = University of Québec in Montréal (UQAM), University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (UCPH)-University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (UCPH)-Faculty of Science [Copenhagen], University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (UCPH)-University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (UCPH), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut royal des Sciences naturelles de Belgique - IRSNB (BELGIUM), Vrije Universiteit [Brussels] (VUB), École Polytechnique de Montréal (EPM)-Université McGill -Université de Montréal (UdeM)-Université du Québec en Abitibi-Témiscamingue (UQAT)-Université du Québec à Rimouski (UQAR)-Concordia University [Montreal]-Université du Québec à Montréal (UQAM), Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Spain] (CSIC), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona [Barcelona] (UAB), Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)

Subjects
010506 paleontology, Archeology, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Orbital forcing, Climate dynamics, Peat and lake sediments, Last Interglacial, 01 natural sciences, Marine sediments, Sequence (geology), Ice core, Penultimate deglaciation, Deglaciation, Glacial period, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Chronology, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Global and Planetary Change, Global warming, Geology, 15. Life on land, Speleothems, Earth system science, Last glacial inception, 13. Climate action, Ice cores, Climatology, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Corals, Interglacial
Abstract

International audience; The Last Interglacial (LIG) represents an invaluable case study to investigate the response of components of the Earth system to global warming. However, the scarcity of absolute age constraints in most archives leads to extensive use of various stratigraphic alignments to different reference chronologies. This feature sets limitations to the accuracy of the stratigraphic assignment of the climatic sequence of events across the globe during the LIG. Here, we review the strengths and limitations of the methods that are commonly used to date or develop chronologies in various climatic archives for the time span (∼140–100 ka) encompassing the penultimate deglaciation, the LIG and the glacial inception. Climatic hypotheses underlying record alignment strategies and the interpretation of tracers are explicitly described. Quantitative estimates of the associated absolute and relative age uncertainties are provided.Recommendations are subsequently formulated on how best to define absolute and relative chronologies. Future climato-stratigraphic alignments should provide (1) a clear statement of climate hypotheses involved, (2) a detailed understanding of environmental parameters controlling selected tracers and (3) a careful evaluation of the synchronicity of aligned paleoclimatic records. We underscore the need to (1) systematically report quantitative estimates of relative and absolute age uncertainties, (2) assess the coherence of chronologies when comparing different records, and (3) integrate these uncertainties in paleoclimatic interpretations and comparisons with climate simulations.Finally, we provide a sequence of major climatic events with associated age uncertainties for the period 140–105 ka, which should serve as a new benchmark to disentangle mechanisms of the Earth system's response to orbital forcing and evaluate transient climate simulations.

Published
2015
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2. Uncertainties associated with in situ high-frequency long-term observations of suspended particulate matter concentration using optical and acoustic sensors

Author

Matthias Baeye, Marion Chapalain, Bouchra Nechad, Michael Fettweis, Aldo Sottolichio, Steffen Grünler, Jan Claus, Wim Vanhaverbeke, Janine J. Nauw, Frédéric Jourdin, Julien Deloffre, Flavie Druine, Styn Claeys, Marius Becker, Joan Backers, Tom Van Engeland, Hans Vereecken, Robert Lafite, Romaric Verney, Rüdiger Röttgers, T. Cox, Rolf Riethmüller, Davy Depreiter, Götz Flöser, Laboratoire de physique hydrodynamique et sédimentaire (DYNECO/PHYSED), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), Division of Craniofacial Medicine, University of Washington [Seattle], Morphodynamique Continentale et Côtière (M2C), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), GéoHydrosystèmes COntinentaux (GéHCO EA6293), Université de Tours, Service Hydrographique et Océanographique de la Marine (SHOM), Ministère de la Défense, Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique (IRSNB), Centre for Materials and Coastal Research [Geesthacht], Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht (GKSS), Environnements et Paléoenvironnements OCéaniques (EPOC), Observatoire aquitain des sciences de l'univers (OASU), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université de Tours (UT)

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, Measurement uncertainty, Aquatic Science, 01 natural sciences, [SDU.STU.HY]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Hydrology, Temporal scales, Biology, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Remote sensing, Ground truth, Optical and acoustical sensors, Wasserbau (627), 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Geology, Ranging, Numerical models, Suspended particulate matter, Particulates, Regression, Oceanography, 13. Climate action, Ingenieurwissenschaften (620), Environmental science, Spatial variability, Sources of error
Abstract

(IF 3.25 [2018]; Q1); International audience; Measurement of suspended particulate matter concentration (SPMC) spanning large time and geographical scales have become a matter of growing importance in recent decades. At many places worldwide, complex observation platforms have been installed to capture temporal and spatial variability over scales ranging from cm (turbulent regimes) to whole basins. Long-term in situ measurements of SPMC involve one or more optical and acoustical sensors and, as the ground truth reference, gravimetric measurements of filtered water samples. The estimation of SPMC from optical and acoustical proxies generally results from the combination of a number of independent calibration measurements, as well as regression or inverse models. Direct or indirect measurements of SPMC are inherently associated with a number of uncertainties along the whole operation chain, the autonomous field deployment, to the analyses necessary for converting the observed proxy values of optical and acoustical signals to SPMC. Controlling uncertainties will become an important issue when the observational input comprises systems of sensors spanning large spatial and temporal scales. This will be especially relevant for detecting trends in the data with unambiguous statistical significance, separating anthropogenic impact from natural variations, or evaluating numerical models over a broad ensemble of different conditions using validated field data.The aim of the study is to present and discuss the benefits and limitations of using optical and acoustical backscatter sensors to acquire long-term observations of SPMC. Additionally, this study will formulate recommendations on how to best acquire quality-assured SPMC data sets, based on the challenges and uncertainties associated with those long-term observations. The main sources of error as well as the means to quantify and reduce the uncertainties associated with SPMC measurements are also illustrated.

Published
2019
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3. Isotopic evidence for dietary ecology of late Neandertals in North-Western Europe

Author

Isabelle Crevecoeur, Patrick Semal, Christoph Wißing, Hélène Rougier, Hervé Bocherens, Yuichi I. Naito, Mietje Germonpré, PACEA, UMR5199, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen = Eberhard Karls University of Tuebingen, De la Préhistoire à l'Actuel : Culture, Environnement et Anthropologie (PACEA), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'Anthropologie et de Préhistoire, Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique (IRSNB), and Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences (RBINS)

Subjects
Mammoth steppe, Ecological niche, 010506 paleontology, Herbivore, [SHS.ARCHEO] Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory, 060101 anthropology, [SHS.ARCHEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory, Pleistocene, Ecology, 06 humanities and the arts, 15. Life on land, Biology, biology.organism_classification, 01 natural sciences, Predation, préhistoire, Guild, 0601 history and archaeology, Mammal, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Earth-Surface Processes, Mammoth
Abstract

The Late Pleistocene site “Troisieme caverne” of Goyet (Belgium) has yielded the broadest set of Neandertal remains in North-Western Europe and is associated with a rich and diverse large mammal assemblage. We reconstructed the dietary ecology at the site using stable isotope tracking (δ 13 C and δ 15 N) of bone collagen. The δ 13 C and δ 15 N values of all species are consistent with those observed in other “mammoth steppe” sites. The relative contribution of potential prey species to the diet of carnivores (including Neandertals) was evaluated using a Bayesian model. The distribution of individuals from herbivorous species and carnivorous ones was determined through cluster analysis in order to identify ecological niches, regardless of the individual species attribution. The Neandertals within the predator guild and the mammoth and reindeer as representatives of the herbivores occupied the most specific and most narrow ecological niches. The “Troisieme caverne” of Goyet can be regarded as a key site for the investigation of Late Pleistocene Neandertal ecology north of the Alps.

Published
2016
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4. The Tachakoucht–Iriri–Tourtit arc complex (Moroccan Anti-Atlas): Neoproterozoic records of polyphased subduction-accretion dynamics during the Pan-African orogeny

Author

Nasser Ennih, Hervé Diot, Gaëlle Plissart, Jean-Marc Baele, Antoine Triantafyllou, Paul Spagna, Julien Berger, Arnaud Watlet, Christophe Monnier, Olivier Bruguier, Sara Vandycke, Laboratoire de Planétologie et Géodynamique [UMR 6112] (LPG), Université d'Angers (UA)-Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences et des Techniques (UN UFR ST), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Géosciences Environnement Toulouse (GET), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Université de Mons (UMons), Université Chouaib Doukkali (UCD), Universidad Austral de Chile, Géosciences Montpellier, Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Université des Antilles (UA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique (IRSNB)

Subjects
010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, Geochemistry, Intra-oceanic arc, engineering.material, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, Ophiolite, 01 natural sciences, [SDU.STU.GC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geochemistry, Ultramafic rock, Polyphased accretion, Metamorphic facies, Subduction-accretion, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Earth-Surface Processes, Hornblende, geography, Pan-African, geography.geographical_feature_category, Gabbro, Sirwa, Craton, Geophysics, engineering, Neoproterozoic, Geology, Gneiss, Zircon
Abstract

International audience; We report new mapping, tectonic, metamorphic and U–Pb zircon dating data on the polyphased Tachakoucht–Iriri and Tourtit arc-related units within the Moroccan Pan-African belt (Sirwa window, Anti-Atlas). The studied area contains four different sub-units, from south to north: (1) the Tachakoucht gneisses intruded to its northern part by (2) Iriri intrusions. To the north, the Tachakoucht–Iriri massif is thrusted by (3) the south-verging 760 Ma Khzama ophiolitic sequence intruded by (4) the Tourtit meta-granitic complex. The Tachakoucht gneiss represents former andesitic to dacitic porphyritic rocks crystallized around 740–720 Ma in an intra-oceanic arc setting (IOAS). Subsequently, it has been buried and metamorphosed to 700 °C, 8 kbar in response to early accretion of the arc onto the West African Craton (WAC). This tectono-metamorphic event also led to the dismembering and stacking of back-arc ophiolite onto the arc unit. Subsequently, the Iriri intrusions, a suite of hydrous mafic dykes (hornblende gabbro and fine-grained basalt) and ultramafic (hornblendite) plutons showing subduction zone affinities, intruded the Tachakoucht gneiss under P–T conditions of 750–800 °C and 2–5 kbar. Emplacement of Iriri intrusions led locally to pronounced partial melting of the Tachakoucht gneiss and to the production of leucogranitic melts. These melts crop out into the Iriri–Tachakoucht gneiss contacts as leucogneissic bands (former leucosomes, dated at 651 ± 5 Ma) but also intruded the Khzama ophiolite to form the Tourtit granite (dated at 651 ± 3 Ma). These ages (651–641 Ma) also constrain the timing of Iriri intrusion emplacement. The entire complex has been overprinted by a second deformation event under greenschist to amphibolite facies conditions marked by transposition of primary structures and a development of mylonitic shear zones. These results and those published on the Bou Azzer window show that two phases of subduction-related magmatism occurred in the Anti-Atlas belt and that they were separated by an early accretion of the intra-oceanic arc system (IOAS) onto the West African craton passive margin. Our interpretations also validate thermo-mechanical models predicting an intense perturbation of subduction dynamics during arc-continent collision (i.e. composite subductions, polarity reversal) which can expand the production of typical hydrous arc magma and induces a late magmatic phase after partial or total accretion of the IOAS.

Published
2016
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5. Pleistocene Mitochondrial Genomes Suggest a Single Major Dispersal of Non-Africans and a Late Glacial Population Turnover in Europe

Author

Wolfgang Haak, Dorothée G. Drucker, Frédérique Valentin, Michael Bolus, Hervé Bocherens, Damien Flas, Elena Gigli, Annamaria Ronchitelli, Michael Francken, Maria Malina, Jiří Svoboda, Isabelle Crevecoeur, Katerina Harvati, David Caramelli, Christoph Wißing, Gabriel Renaud, Cosimo Posth, Corinne Thevenet, Martina Lari, Johannes Krause, Alissa Mittnik, Bernard Gély, Dan Grigorescu, Nicholas J. Conard, Anja Furtwängler, Kurt Wehrberger, Adam Powell, Cédric Beauval, Johannes van der Plicht, Patrick Semal, Christophe Cupillard, Hélène Rougier, Richard Cottiaux, Giulia Capecchi, Mietje Germonpré, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History (MPI-SHH), Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology [Leipzig], De la Préhistoire à l'Actuel : Culture, Environnement et Anthropologie (PACEA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Bordeaux (UB), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement - CNRS - UBFC (UMR 6249) (LCE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Archéologies et Sciences de l'Antiquité (ArScAn), Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris Nanterre (UPN)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University College of London [London] (UCL), Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen = Eberhard Karls University of Tuebingen, Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche, della Terra e dell'Ambiente., Università degli Studi di Siena = University of Siena (UNISI), Laboratoire d'Anthropologie et de Préhistoire, Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique (IRSNB), Archéosphère, Travaux et recherches archéologiques sur les cultures, les espaces et les sociétés (TRACES), Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Palaeontology, Royal Belgian Institue of Natural Sciences, Service régional de l'Archéologie Rhône-Alpes, Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC), U.R. Ecologia Preistorica, Dipartimento di Scienze Ambientali ', Faculty of Science [Brno] (SCI / MUNI), Masaryk University [Brno] (MUNI), Service Anthropologie et Préhistoire [Bruxelles], Laboratorio di Antropologia, Università degli Studi di Firenze = University of Florence [Firenze] (UNIFI), Institut für Ur- und Frühgeschichte und Archäologie des Mittelalters, Univ Tubingen, Senckenberg Ctr Human Evolut & Palaeoecol, Palaeoanthropol, Tubingen, Germany, Department of Archaeogenetics [Jena] (DAG), Max-Planck-Gesellschaft-Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement (UMR 6249) (LCE), Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris 8 Vincennes-Saint-Denis (UP8)-Université Paris Nanterre (UPN)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Institut national de recherches archéologiques préventives (Inrap)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Università degli Studi di Firenze = University of Florence (UniFI), and Isotope Research

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, Most recent common ancestor, Genetics and Molecular Biology (all), 010506 paleontology, Pleistocene, [SHS.ARCHEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Population, Black People, Biology, Medicine (all), Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (all), Agricultural and Biological Sciences (all), DNA, Mitochondrial, Biochemistry, 01 natural sciences, White People, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, [SHS]Humanities and Social Sciences, Paleontology, 03 medical and health sciences, [SDV.BBM.GTP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology/Genomics [q-bio.GN], Humans, [SDV.BBM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, Glacial period, DNA, Ancient, education, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 030304 developmental biology, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, education.field_of_study, 0303 health sciences, Agricultural and Biological Sciences(all), Genome, Human, Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology(all), Genetic Variation, Emigration and Immigration, Europe, 030104 developmental biology, Population bottleneck, Ancient DNA, Human evolution, Haplotypes, Evolutionary biology, Africa, Genome, Mitochondrial, Biological dispersal, General Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Abstract

How modern humans dispersed into Eurasia and Australasia, including the number of separate expansions and their timings, is highly debated [1, 2]. Two categories of models are proposed for the dispersal of non-Africans: (1) single dispersal, i.e., a single major diffusion of modern humans across Eurasia and Australasia [3-5]; and (2) multiple dispersal, i.e., additional earlier population expansions that may have contributed to the genetic diversity of some present-day humans outside of Africa [6-9]. Many variants of these models focus largely on Asia and Australasia, neglecting human dispersal into Europe, thus explaining only a subset of the entire colonization process outside of Africa [3-5, 8, 9]. The genetic diversity of the first modern humans who spread into Europe during the Late Pleistocene and the impact of subsequent climatic events on their demography are largely unknown. Here we analyze 55 complete human mitochondrial genomes (mtDNAs) of hunter-gatherers spanning ∼35,000 years of European prehistory. We unexpectedly find mtDNA lineage M in individuals prior to the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM). This lineage is absent in contemporary Europeans, although it is found at high frequency in modern Asians, Australasians, and Native Americans. Dating the most recent common ancestor of each of the modern non-African mtDNA clades reveals their single, late, and rapid dispersal less than 55,000 years ago. Demographic modeling not only indicates an LGM genetic bottleneck, but also provides surprising evidence of a major population turnover in Europe around 14,500 years ago during the Late Glacial, a period of climatic instability at the end of the Pleistocene.

Published
2016
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6. Un nouveau site à vertébrés terrestres juste après la limite Paléocène-Eocène, dans la Formation de Mortemer en Haute-Normandie, France

Author

Florence Quesnel, Thierry Smith, Pieter Missiaen, Janine Riveline, Paola Iacumin, Johan Yans, Annelise Folie, Jean-Yves Storme, Sandrine Ladevèze, Christian Dupuis, Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique (IRSNB), Géologie GFA, Faculté polytechnique de Mons, Université de Mons (UMons)-Université de Mons (UMons), Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM), Facultés Universitaires Notre Dame de la Paix (FUNDP), Università degli studi di Parma = University of Parma (UNIPR), Institut des Sciences de la Terre de Paris (iSTeP), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de recherche sur la Paléobiodiversité et les Paléoenvironnements (CR2P), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Fondation Universitaire Notre Dame de la Paix (FUNDP), Projet de recherche BRGM Paléosurface éocène-PETM, FRFC-FNRS no 2.4571.10, MO/36/020 du Federal Science Policy Office of Belgium, Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra, University of Parma = Università degli studi di Parma [Parme, Italie], Département de Paléontologie, Umons, Faculté Polytechnique, FUNDP, UCL, Earth Sciences, Res. Unit Palaeontol., and Universiteit Gent = Ghent University [Belgium] (UGENT)

Subjects
PETM, 010506 paleontology, Squamata, Outcrop, Fauna, [SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences, Biozone, Structural basin, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, Paleontology, Paris Basin, biology.animal, 14. Life underwater, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Mammals, Plesiadapiformes, biology, Carbon isotope, General Engineering, Vertebrate, 15. Life on land, biology.organism_classification, Sotteville-sur-Mer, Metatheria, France, [SDU.STU.PG]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Paleontology, Geology
Abstract

European terrestrial vertebrate sites of the Upper Paleocene-Lower Eocene deposits are predominantly known from the central and eastern parts of the Paris Basin. However, several outcrops covering this interval are scattered along the Upper Normandy coast, in the western part of the Paris Basin. Here we report the discovery of a new terrestrial vertebrate site in the Mortemer Formation, at the top of the cliffs of Sotteville-sur-Mer in Upper Normandy, France. The vertebrate level is situated about 1.5. m above the onset of the Paleocene-Eocene Carbon Isotope Excursion (CIE) based on dispersed organic carbon and is therefore Earliest Eocene in age. The vertebrate fauna is composed of fish, amphibians, lizards and mammals, including the earliest peradectid marsupials and paromomyid plesiadapiform of Europe. A diverse and rich charophyte flora is well represented throughout the lower part of the outcrop and allows the conclusion that the CIE falls in the Peckichara disermas biozone. La plupart des sites à vertébrés terrestres du Paléocène supérieur-Eocène inférieur d'Europe sont connus du Centre et de l'Est du Bassin de Paris. Cependant, plusieurs affleurements de cet intervalle de temps sont éparpillés le long de la côte en Haute-Normandie dans l'Ouest du Bassin de Paris. Dans cet article, nous faisons état de la découverte d'un nouveau site à vertébrés terrestres dans la Formation de Mortemer, au sommet des falaises de Sotteville-sur-Mer en Haute-Normandie, France. Le niveau à vertébrés est situé environ 1,5. m au-dessus du point initial de l'Excursion Isotopique du Carbone de la limite Paléocène-Eocène (CIE), mise en évidence à partir du carbone organique dispersé. Il est donc daté de l'Eocène basal. La faune de vertébrés comprend des poissons, des amphibiens, des lézards et des mammifères dont les plus anciens marsupiaux peradectidés et le plus ancien plésiadapiforme paromomyidé d'Europe. Une flore riche et variée de charophytes, bien distribuée le long de la partie inférieure de l'affleurement permet de préciser que la CIE est située dans la biozone à Peckichara disermas.

Published
2011
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7. Pleistocene fish otoliths from the Mediterranean Basin: a synthesis

Author

Henri Cappetta, Dirk Nolf, Angela Girone, Dipartimento Geol & Geofis, University of Bari Aldo Moro (UNIBA), Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique (IRSNB), Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution de Montpellier (UMR ISEM), École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR226

Subjects
Mediterranean climate, 010506 paleontology, Piacenzian, Pliocene, Pleistocene, Sarcopterygii, [SDE.BE.PAL]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology/domain_sde.be.pal, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, Neogene, 01 natural sciences, Mediterranean Basin, Paleontology, Mediterranean sea, 14. Life underwater, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Actinopterygii, paleobiogeography, otoliths, Oceanography, Space and Planetary Science, paleoceanography, Upper Pliocene, MED, Mediterranean, Southern Italy, Quaternary, Cenozoic, Geology
Abstract

International audience; An overview of upper pPliocene and Pleistocene otolith assemblages is compiled on the basis of both literature data and newly collected material from several sections located mainly in southern Italy. One hundred and five taxa are listed. Additional comments are provided for taxa subject to discussion. The composition and affinities of the Mediterranean Pleistocene otolith associations (consisting mainly of deep sea fishes) is checked against the available data for Pre-Messinian, Pliocene, and Recent Mediterranean fishes. This analysis is based on the recorded nominal species, but some taxa that could be identified at the generic level only are also included when they are relevant from a biogeographic point of view. Some new data on Piacenzian (middle Pliocene) and Gelasian (upper Pliocene) otoliths are also provided because this time interval still constitutes a major gap in the knowledge of the stratigraphic range of Plio-Pleistocene fish taxa. The Pleistocene deepwater fish fauna of the Mediterranean shows a markedly more oceanic character than the present-day one, a tendency that was all ready observed from early Oligocene till Pliocene times. Starting from the late Piacenzian, an increasing number of Atlantic taxa progressively invaded the Mediterranean including several subpolar and temperate forms. This invasion became stronger in the Gelasian. From this period up to the middle and late Pleistocene, the Mediterranean deepwater fish fauna (mesopelagic and benthopelagic) is enriched by taxa which today are typical for the north Atlantic cold deep water. This faunal shift seems to be correlated with the evolution of the Plio-Pleistocene. Mediterranean paleoceanographic setting as well as with the global climatic deterioration. (c) 2006 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.

Published
2006
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