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Objectives This study aimed to report the draft genome sequence of a multidrug-resistant (MDR) Escherichia coli colonizing a giant anteater (Myrmecophaga tridactyla) in a Brazilian Zoo. Methods The genome was sequenced using the Illumina MiSeq Platform and de novo genome assembly was performed using SPAdes v. 3.9. The draft genome sequence was annotated using NCBI Prokaryotic Genome Annotation Pipeline. Antibiotic resistance genes, virulence genes, sequence type, serotype and plasmid incompatibility groups were identified using tools from the Center for Genomic Epidemiology. Results The genome presented 4970 coding sequences and a GC content of 50.2%. Several antimicrobial resistance genes associated with resistance to β-lactams (blaTEM-1A and blaCTX-M-65), aminoglycosides [aph(6)-ld, aph(3″)-lb, aph(4)-la, aac(3)-lVa, aadA1 and aadA2], tetracyclines (tetB), sulphonamides (sul2 and sul3), trimethoprim (dfrA8 and dfrA12) and phenicols (floR and cmlA1) were identified. Moreover, mutations in quinolone resistance-determining regions (QRDR) were found. This E. coli isolate also presented virulence genes and belonged to serotype ONT:H25 and ST156 (CC156). Conclusion This is the first report of a draft genome sequence of a CTX-M-65-producing E. coli ST156 obtained from a zoo animal, which can be used by genomic surveillance platforms, in order to track transmission dynamics of extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing E. coli at the human–animal interface.

Objective:To conduct an epidemiological analysis on the main microbiological markers in bone tissue that was processed at the musculoskeletal tissue bank of Hospital São Vicente de Paulo, in Passo Fundo, between August 2007 and October 2011.Methods:Between August 2007 and October 2011, 202 musculoskeletal tissue samples were collected for the tissue bank. Among these, 159 samples were from living donor patients and 43 were from cadaver donors. The following serological tests were requested: hepatitis B, hepatitis C, syphilis, cytomegalovirus, Chagas disease, toxoplasmosis, HIV and HTLV.Results:Among the 159 living donors, 103 (64.75%) were men and 56 (35.25%) were women. The patients' mean age was 59.35 ± 8.87 years. Out of this total, 76 tissue samples (47.8%) from donors were rejected. There was no difference in the number of rejections in relation to sex (p = 0.135) or age (p = 0.523). The main cause of rejection was serologically positive findings for the hepatitis B virus, which was responsible for 48 rejections (63.15%). Among the 43 cadaver donors, the mean age was 37.84 ± 10.32 years. Of these, 27 (62.8%) were men and 16 (37.2%) were women. Six of the samples collected from cadaver donors were rejected (13.9%), and the main cause of rejection was serologically positive findings for the hepatitis C virus, which was responsible for three cases (50%). There was no significant difference in the number of rejections in relation to sex (p = 0.21) or age (p = 0.252).Conclusion:There were a greater number of rejections of tissues from living donors (47.8%) than from cadaver donors (13.9%). Among the living donors, the main cause of rejection was the presence of serologically positive findings of the hepatitis B virus, while among the cadaver donors, it was due to the hepatitis C virus. Objetivo:Fazer uma análise epidemiológica dos principais marcadores microbiólogicos dos tecidos ósseos processados de agosto de 2007 a outubro de 2011 no Banco de Tecidos Musculoesqueléticos do Hospital São Vicente de Paulo de Passo Fundo.Métodos:Foram feitas 202 captações de tecidos musculoesqueléticos para o Banco de Tecidos. Desse total, 159 foram de doadores e 43 de cadáveres. Foram solicitados testes sorológicos para hepatite B, hepatite C, sífilis, citomegalovírus, doença de Chagas, toxoplasmose, HIV e HTLV.Resultados:Dos 159 doadores, 103 (64,75%) eram do sexo masculino e 56 (35,25%) do feminino. A idade média foi de 59,35 ± 8,87 anos. Foram descartados 76 (47,8%) tecidos de doadores. Não houve diferença significativa no número de descartes em relação a sexo (p = 0,135) ou idade (p = 523). A principal causa de descarte foi a sorologia positiva para o vírus da hepatite B, responsável por 48 (63,15%) descartes. Já entre os 43 cadáveres, a média de idade foi de 37,84 ± 10,32 anos. Desses, 27 (62,8%) eram do sexo masculino e 16 (37,2%) do feminino. Foram descartados seis (13,9%) cadáveres. A principal causa de descarte foi a sorologia positiva para o vírus da hepatite C, responsável por três (50%) casos. Não houve diferença significativa no número de descartes em relação a sexo (p = 0,21) ou idade (p = 252).Conclusão:Houve um número maior de descarte de tecidos de doadores (47,8%) em comparação com os cadáveres (13,9%). Nos doadores, a principal causa de descarte foi a presença de sorologia positiva para o vírus da hepatite B; nos cadáveres, para o vírus da hepatite C.

Ehrlichia canis is an obligate intracellular microorganism and the etiologic agent of canine monocytic ehrlichiosis. The invasion process has already been described for some bacteria in this genus, such as E. muris and E. chaffeensis, and consists of four stages: adhesion, internalisation, intracellular proliferation and intercellular spreading. However, little is known about the spreading process of E. canis. The aim of this study was to analyse the role of the actin cytoskeleton, calcium, iron and lysosomes from the host cell in the spreading of E. canis in dog macrophages in vitro. Different inhibitory drugs were used: cytochalasin D (actin polymerisation inhibitor), verapamil (calcium channel blocker) and deferoxamine (iron chelator). Our results showed a decrease in the number of bacteria in infected cells treated with all drugs when compared to controls. Lysosomes in infected cells were cytochemically labelled with acid phosphatase to allow the visualisation of phagosome-lysosome fusion and were further analysed by transmission electron microscopy. Phagosome-lysosome fusion was rarely observed in vacuoles containing viable E. canis. These data suggest that the spreading process of E. canis in vitro is dependent on cellular components analysed and lysosomal evasion.