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Objectives The present narrative review was focused on the optical properties, surface treatment, adhesion, and clinical indications of zirconia-reinforced lithium silicate ceramics (ZLS) for Computer-aided design / Computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) technologies. Data/Sources A literature search was performed by 3 calibrated independent researchers on PubMed, Scopus, Embase, Google Scholar, Dynamed, and Open Grey. The criteria for inclusion were: 1) papers addressing at least one of the following variables about ZLS: optical properties, surface treatment, adhesion, and clinical indications; 2) in vitro, in silico, or in vivo studies; 3) case reports; 4) systematic reviews. The exclusion criteria were: 1) animal studies; 2) non-dental studies; 3) studies only focusing on ZLS used in the heat-pressed process. Study Selection 98 records among in vitro studies and case reports were included. Conclusions Despite the promising microstructure characteristics of ZLS, increased translucency compared to lithium disilicate ceramics (LS2) was not proven, but acceptable color changes and stability were reported. Mechanical polishing was the most effective method to reduce surface roughness. Moreover, machinability and handling of ZLS resulted harder than LS2. Conventional acid etching procedures seemed effective in conditioning ZLS surface, but no protocol has been established yet. Besides, silane-coupling and dual-curing resin cements were recommended. Clinical Significance ZLSs can be used for anterior and posterior fixed single-unit CAD/CAM restorations onto both natural teeth and implants, but do not seem to represent a viable treatment option for endocrowns onto posterior teeth or fixed dental prostheses.

The removal of pineapple crowns and slips during the final stage of fruit development can alter source-sink relationships and fruit quality. Published results have reported both positive and negative effects of both crown removal and slip removal on fruit size and quality. In this study, four treatments: control (no treatment), slips removed by hand, crown removed with a knife, and both crowns and slips removed were evaluated to clarify the effect of crown removal and slip removal on fruit quality. Crowns and slips were removed one to two months before expected harvest date, soon after slip development began. The trial was repeated three times throughout the year. Crown and slip removal had minimal effect on fruit weight, shell color and titratable acidity at harvest. Removal of the crown or removal of the crown and slips did increase total soluble solids about 1%. Removal of the crown increased translucency, though in the warm season translucency severity was low. Fruit with larger crowns had less translucency. Slip removal increased translucency slightly, but when both the crowns and slips were removed the effect on translucency severity was not additive. The results support published conclusions that crowns and artificial shade reduce translucency. A negative correlation was found between the air temperature four months before harvest at the beginning of crown growth and final crown weight. Rainfall two to four months before harvest had a significant effect on slip weight. The results suggested that crown removal can impact fruit quality and the occurrence of the fruit translucency disorder with a significant seasonal response.

Statement of problem The influences of coloring and sintering procedures on the optical and mechanical properties of monolithic zirconia have not been thoroughly investigated. Purpose The purpose of this in vitro study was to investigate the effects of the coloring procedure and of varying final sintering temperatures on the translucency parameter (TP) and biaxial flexural strength (BFS) of monolithic zirconia. Material and methods Disk-shaped specimens (N=210) of 2 different monolithic zirconia brands (Vita YZ HT White [VYZa]; Vita YZ HT Color A2 [VYZb]; Prettau Zirkonzahn [PZ]; Prettau Anterior Zirkonzahn [PZA]) with a diameter of 15 mm and a thickness of 1.0 ±0.05 mm were prepared. Half of the specimens prepared from noncolored blocks (VYZa, PZ, and PZA) received coloring liquid application. Then, the specimens were divided into 3 subgroups (n=10) according to the final sintering temperatures (1350°C, 1450°C, and 1600°C). The TP was determined by using a reflection spectrophotometer, and the BFS was tested with the piston-on-3-ball method in a universal testing machine. Data were statistically analyzed by multivariate multiple regression and Bonferroni tests (α=.05). Results Significant differences were obtained among the groups based on the results of the TP and BFS ( P P P >.05). Conclusions Increased sintering temperature leads to increased translucency with minimal impact on the BFS. The coloring procedure should be considered at the time of material selection to avoid possible reduction in translucency.

One hundred and five samples of pig backfat were assessed for appearance (colour and translucency) and hardness. The fatty acid profile of a selected subset of 50 samples was determined. Increased yellow colour was associated with increased linoleic and α-linolenic acid percentages. Increased translucency and fat softness were associated with decreased percentages of palmitic and stearic and oleic acid and a concurrent increase in the proportions of linoleic and α-linolenic acid. Oleic acid was found to be the single highest component (33.0-45.4%) and linoleic to show the greatest variation in range (9.8-28.4%).

Goldfish eggs retained in the ovarian cavity become overripe within 24 h after ovulation. Three stages of an overripening process could be identified. The overripe egg is characterized by increased translucency, movement of cytoplasm with cortical alveoli and unfused oil droplets to the animal pole, partial breakdown of the cortical alveoli, and finally the intermingling of these cell components with yolk granules in later stages. It is also larger than the newly ovulated egg and its chorion is thinner with surface modifications involving the recessing or disappearance of the pore plugs.

An intraperitoneal tumor which on a radiograph produces an increased translucency instead of a density is highly suggestive of a dermoid cyst. This becomes definite if the tumor wall itself is visualized. These findings will not be noted on an ordinary ovarian cyst or uterine fibroid. Differential diagnosis from lipoma and “gas filled ovarian cyst” is discussed.