1. Pharmacogenetics of hypersensitivity drug reactions
- Author
-
Laurent Becquemont and Simone Negrini
- Subjects
0301 basic medicine ,Drug ,Allopurinol ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Abacavir ,Carbamazepine ,HLA ,Hypersensitivity drug reactions ,Human leukocyte antigen ,Drug Hypersensitivity ,03 medical and health sciences ,HLA Antigens ,medicine ,Humans ,Genetic Predisposition to Disease ,Pharmacology (medical) ,Enzyme Inhibitors ,media_common ,business.industry ,Dideoxynucleosides ,030104 developmental biology ,Pharmacogenetics ,Delayed hypersensitivity ,Pharmacogenomics ,Immunology ,Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors ,Anticonvulsants ,business ,medicine.drug - Abstract
Adverse drug reactions are a significant cause of morbidity and mortality and represent a major burden on the healthcare system. Some of those reactions are immunologically mediated (hypersensitivity reactions) and can be clinically subdivided into two categories: immediate reactions (IgE-related) and delayed reactions (T-cell-mediated). Delayed hypersensitivity reactions include both systemic syndromes and organ-specific toxicities and can be triggered by a wide range of chemically diverse drugs. Recent studies have demonstrated a strong genetic association between human leukocyte antigen alleles and susceptibility to delayed drug hypersensitivity. Most notable examples include human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-B*57:01 allele and abacavir hypersensitivity syndrome or HLA-B*15:02 and HLA-B*58:01 alleles related to severe cutaneous reactions induced by carbamazepine and allopurinol, respectively. This review aims to explore our current understanding in the field of pharmacogenomics of HLA-associated drug hypersensitivities and its translation into clinical practice for predicting adverse drug reactions.
- Published
- 2017