Search

Surface heat exchange is essential in water quality modelling. It is necessary to provide water surface temperature data for determining the air-water heat fluxes. In this paper, air-water temperature relationship was developed statistically by using the non-linear logistic regression. The model outcome made water temperature easy to calculate depending on air temperature data, which is available from the close by weather stations. The regression development and analysis were performed based on meteorological and water temperature data measured at Laurance Lake, Oregon US. The air-water relationship impact on surface heat fluxes (short and long radiation, back radiation, evaporation, conduction) was used to evaluate the regression function goodness in conjugate with error statistics. Results showed that the regression can reproduce the total heat flux wave without curve shifting. For one-day computational time, MAE, RMSE, and NSE recorded 0.552, 6.936, and 0.902 Watt/m2, respectively using the logistic regression. The regression kept the same behaviour when running over longer period of time, matching the real total flux (When a maximum value of 774.21 Watt/m2 was estimated based on measured water temperature, the logistic modelling gave a value of 752.52 Watt/m2 corresponding to water temperature of 15.642 °C and 15.637 °C, respectively).

Imperon Violet KB dye is detected in the wastewater discharges of the Baghdad governorate's textile industries. The purpose of this research is to investigate the electrocoagulation degradation of the textile dye Imperon Violet KB in an aqueous solution with an initial concentration of 100 mg/L. The impact of EC operative factors including density of current, touch time, pH, concentration of initial dye and electrolysis support was explored. When the current density is 1.43 mA/cm2, the duration is 20 min, and the primary pH is 6, the results are peak. Color, turbidity and COD elimination efficiencies were 95 percent, 99.5 percent, and 85 percent, respectively. The final pH varies depending on the original pH with a constant density of current and variable passage time. The color removal efficiency is clearly reduced at high initial concentrations. The effect of using NaCl as an electrolysis help resulted in an improvement in conductivity and voltage. When using a concentration of 1.6 g/L of NaCl, the color removal efficiency is 95.5 percent. The kinetic analysis revealed that the dye degrades according to a second-order rate equation.

Land cover has been varying due to urbanization process in developing countries. As a result, land surface temperature has been changing spatially and temporally. The spatial and temporal variations of land surface temp (LST) over Babylon Governorate, Iraq were highlighted in this investigation. Landsat-8 satellite images from 2013 to 2020 have been processed in QGIS software to estimate land temperature remotely and then to link its variation with normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI). The results demonstrated that the maximum temperature was at barren lands (about 62 °C), the mean temperature was between 45 and 51 °C, and the minimum temperature was about 30 °C. Also, the magnitudes of mean NDVI ranged between 0.15 and 0.17. Varying from low to high temperature magnitudes Water, vegetation, and built-up/bare areas occupied about (0.6–1.6) %, (10.2–22.6) %, and (76.1–89) %, respectively. It was found that the temperature distribution in the study area has been impacted by urban development during the study period. In addition, valid linear models were established in order to predict LST in terms of NDVI directly.