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Most cancers are caused by somatic mutations. Some common mutations in the same cancer type can form a "signature" to specifically predict the prognosis or to distinguish it from other cancers. In this study, 710 somatic cell mutations were identified in 142 cases, including digestive, lung and urogenital cancers, and the digestive cancers were further divided into liver, stomach, intestinal, esophageal and cardia cancer. The above mutations were located in 166 genes. In addition, a group of high-frequency mutation genes with specific characteristics were screened to form predictive signatures for each cancer. Verification using TCGA suggested that the signatures could predict the stages, progression-free survival, and overall survival of digestive, intestinal, and liver cancers (P 0.05). The validation cases further confirmed the predictive role of digestive and liver cancers signatures in diagnosis and prognosis. Overall, this study established predictive signatures for different cancer systems and their subtypes. These findings enable a better understanding in cancer genome, and contribute to the personalized diagnosis and treatment.

In this paper, we study a portfolio selection problem under safety first expected utility model with distortion (SFEUD model) where the underlying probability scale is transformed by a nonlinear distortion function. By employing the quantile formulation and the relaxation method, we obtain the general form of optimal solution to the problem, and the necessary and sufficient condition for existing such an optimal solution is also proved. We further demonstrate an analytical solution to the optimal strategies under four different monotonic cases. What’s more, the optimal terminal wealth process is replicated into a portfolio of options and deposits under specific circumstances. In addition, we empirically verify the model implication and figure out that investors’ realization of disaster risk can explain the price change of call options to some degree.

This paper investigates the optimal investment strategy and the pricing of derivatives in an incomplete financial market with one risk-free asset, one stock and one non-redundant derivative security. In the exponential utility maximization criterion, a dynamic relationship between optimal positions for the stock and derivative security is established and the dynamic derivatives pricing formulae depending on the current optimal positions are also obtained by employing the stochastic control approach. The explicit representations of the corresponding solutions are demonstrated and their properties are discussed. Finally, numerical results are presented to characterize the behavior of the derivative security price.

In this paper, an application of regularized meshless method (RMM) for solving the problem of obliquely incident water wave passing a submerged breakwater is presented. By using desingularization technique to regularize the singularity and hypersingularity of the kernel functions, source points can be located on the physical boundary of an arbitrary domain. To verify the practicability and validity of the RMM, simulations for observing the propagation of oblique incident wave through a barrier are presented where the modified Helmholtz equation is satisfied. Finally, three examples are given to show the effects of breakwater with rigid and absorbing boundary conditions to energy dissipation caused by existence of a barrier. After comparing such analytical solution with the corresponding boundary element method (BEM) solutions, they are shown to be in good agreement.

This paper presents an extension of the reliability analysis method for a plane frame structure to a flat-plate structure. The flat-plate structure is modelled as a frame structure by using the effective beam approach proposed by Moehle and Diebold. The condensation technique in TABS77 is further utilized to transform the frame structure into a stick model. The earthquake ground acceleration is represented by a segment of stationary Gaussian random process with mean zero and a Kanai-Tajimi power spectrum. The power spectrum together with the dynamic characteristics of structure is utilized in the random vibration analysis to derive the probabilistic structural response. The limit analysis procedure proposed by Aoyama is modified to determine the failure mechanism and the corresponding storey shear capacity of the flat-plate structure. The reliability of the structure is measured in terms of the largest storey limit state probability. The fragility curve of the structure is generated by evaluating the limit state probabilities at various levels of peak ground acceleration. From the hazard curve for a site and the fragility curve for a structure, the annual limit state probability of the structure can also be evaluated. A five-storey flat-plate structure assumed to be located in New York City is used to illustrate the reliability analysis method.