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Soil transmitted helminths (STHs) burden was enormous in China several decades ago, however, rigorous control efforts have been successful with appreciable reduction in diseases burden. Here, we assessed provincial-level data derived from cross sectional surveys, executed in 1989, 2002 and 2014, on the prevalence of STHs among populations in Jiangxi province, China. This study, also, reported STHs integrated control intervention aimed at reducing STHs transmission and worm burden among population at county-level. The intervention strategies included mass drug administration (MDA), health education, improved water supply for drinking, improved sanitary facilities and environmental modification in Guixi municipality. The overall infection rate of STHs in Jiangxi province decreased from 77.7% (1989) to 6.3% (2014), while Ascaris lumbricoides, hookworm and Trichuris trichiura decreased from 71.1%, 17.6% and 17.0% (1989) to 0.9%, 4.7% and 1.0% (2014), respectively. STHs infection rates in female population were higher than male in the three surveys. Reduction in STHs prevalence was observed in all age groups, but the decline was less in higher age group. STHs prevalence in Guixi intervention region indicated remarkable reduction from 31.8% (2006) to 6.1% (2009) (χ2＝255.22, P＜0.01). A. lumbricoides, hookworm and T. trichiura infection rates decreased from 10.4%, 17.0% and 7.1% (2006) to 0.1%, 4.1% and 2.2%, respectively (2009) (X2A.l = 110.23, P Following control efforts with integrated control intervention strategies, STHs prevalence in Jiangxi province experienced remarkable trend in decline between 1989 and 2014. Consolidating control efforts with sustained integrated control strategies is, therefore, important to achieving STHs elimination in China.

ObjectiveTo evaluate the effectiveness of a combined Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) therapy versus conventional treatment on adolescent idiopathic scoliosis.MethodsOne hundred twenty outpatients with mild and moderate adolescent idiopathic scoliosis were randomly divided into a TCM group (TCMG) and a brace group (CG). TCMG patients underwent Daoyin, Tuina, and acupotomology therapies. CG patients were treated with a Milwaukee brace. Each patient's Cobb angle was measured after 12 and 24 months of treatment, and pulmonary function was determined after 12 months of treatment. Average electromyogram (AEMG) ratio of the surface electromyogram was measured after 6 and 12 months of treatment and followed-up after 18 and 24 months.ResultsThe Cobb angle significantly decreased in both groups after 12 months of treatment compared with before treatment (P < 0.05). The percentages of original Cobb angle in TCMG and CG were 51.4% and 47.8% (P > 0.05) after 12 months and 62.5% and 34.7% (P < 0.05) after 24 months, respectively. Pulmonary function significantly improved after 12 months in TCMG (P < 0.05) but significantly decreased in CG (P < 0.05). The AEMG ratio was significantly lower (P < 0.01) and tended to remain at 1 after stopping treatment in TCMG, but increased in CG (P < 0.05).ConclusionTCM combined therapy can prevent the progression of scoliosis. The AEMG ratio is a promising index that could replace radiography in the evaluation of treatment effect and progression in scoliosis.

In the family of microporous aluminophosphate, AlPO4-9 is one of the members reported first in 1982. However, its structure and characteristics have not been known up to now, and this makes it a special member. In the present work, AlPO4-9 has been synthesized using piperazine as the structure-directing agent and the mixture of H2O and EG as the solvent. Structure refinement from single crystal X-ray diffraction data shows that AlPO4-9 is a material with the composition of C2H7Al5.50NO25P6. It crystallizes in the monoclinic space group C2/c (No: 15), with a = 24.230(5) A, b = 14.026(5) A and c = 16.197(3) A, β = 119.87(4)°, V = 4773(2) A3, Z = 8. The open-framework of AlPO4-9 is built of alternating corner-sharing PO4 tetrahedra and AlO4 tetrahedra (AlO6 octahedra) to construct a curved one-dimensional 8-ring channel system running along [1 0 1]. Meanwhile, the strict alternative of PO4 tetrahedra and AlO4 tetrahedra (AlO6 octahedra) results in a negative framework in AlPO4-9. Thermal stability has been determined on a thermal analyzer and by calcination. It reveals that AlPO4-9 framework is thermally stable and has a potential to be a catalytic material.

Bad cement bond with water channeling or low strength cement is usually generated on the first and/or secondary interfaces which lie between the cement and casing, and the cement and formation, respectively. It is an inherently complicated problem to evaluate cement bond on the secondary interface (SICB) in a cased borehole. So we need to find a useful wave for evaluating SICB and provide its propagation features. To achieve this, we simulated the acoustic full waveform, 2-D spectrum and dispersion curves in cased boreholes based on the real axis integration method, and a propagator matrix. Simulation results indicated that “casing-cement mode” wave can be utilized to evaluate SICB, as it is most sensitive to water channeling on the secondary interface. Velocity of this mode wave is in between that of the casing wave and the formation wave, so that it is easy to extract it in time. The dispersion curves showed that the casing-cement wave is a dispersion wave, but not a pseudo-Rayleigh wave. Its velocity is obviously larger than vs of cement. Simulation results further indicated that the amplitude of casing-cement wave is decreasing with increasing cement sheath thickness, but not water channeling thickness, and its travel time is influenced by casing and cement together. Moreover, we investigated factors influencing the casing–cement wave and found that casing diameter and peak frequency are major factors influencing the amplitude and the travel time, while other factors, such as P-wave velocities of cement and wall thickness of casing, are minor factors. But none of these factors greatly influence bond index which is computed from the amplitude. So the bond index has an advantage over the amplitude during evaluating SICB. Formation wave is a helpful signal to evaluate low strength cement without water channeling, and its amplitude is mainly related to the velocities (or impedances) of both cement and formation except for formation attenuation and disturbance wave. Experimental data in calibration pits and field data detecting channeling demonstrated the simulation results.

The BT type of cytoplasmic male sterile (CMS) line plays a predominant role in japonica hybrid rice ( Oryza sativa L.). Incomplete sterility of the CMS line is one of the major restraints in heterosis utilization of japonica hybrid rice. This study aimed at comparing a set of isonuclear alloplasmic sterile lines that might be used in japonica hybrid rice breeding. Four Liuqianxin-based isonuclear CMS lines in WA, HL, BT, and CL cytoplasmic backgrounds were crossed with Liuqianxin B line for evaluating the male sterile stability, flowering habits, outcrossing rate, and restorable ability. The sterility was characterized as stained abortion in most pollen granules of the BT-, HL-, and CL-type Liuqianxin A and typical abortion in most pollen granules of WA-type Liuqianxin A. The selfing rate of the BT-type Liuqianxin A was 0.60%, which might cause a risk in producing seed of hybrid rice. However, no selfing spikelets were obtained in the HL- and CL-type Liuqianxin A. Length of the first internode to the top and plant height were associated with the abortion degree of pollens, and the severer abortion led to shorter panicle neck protruding from the flag leaf sheath. As a result, panicles were enclosed by flag leaf sheath in WA-type Liuqianxin A; but such a characteristic was not found in other types of Liuqianxin A. In the 4 types of Liuqianxin A, the WA type had the lowest outcrossing rate due to sporadic flowering, distinctly laggard flowering time, and stretched flowering duration. The flowering habits and outcrossing rate were similar in the HL- and CL-type Liuqianxin A, which had no significant differences to the BT type. The restorable characteristic was the best in BT-type Liuqianxin A, followed by the HL and CL types, and the worst in the WA type. The HL- and CL-type CMS lines are proposed to replace the BT-type CMS line in japonica hybrid rice breeding because they have advantages on balancing the sterility, flowering habits, and restorable characteristic. Furthermore, the HL- and CL-type japonica restorers can be selected from the BT-type restorers.

Soluble intracellular adhesive molecule 1 (sICAM-1) and tumour necrosis factor receptors I (TNFR-1) and II (TNFR-II) have been shown to be associated with numerous liver disorders. Shedding of these membrane proteins can be triggered by the Th1 cytokines, TNF-alpha and IFN-gamma, which are associated with susceptibility or resistance to hepatic schistosomiasis, respectively. Further, TNF-alpha receptors and sICAM-1 have been implicated in periportal fibrosis in advanced human schistosomiasis mansoni and correlate with schistosome granuloma formation in the murine model. We measured serum levels of sICAM-1, TNFR-I and TNFR-II in Chinese patients with different clinically defined stages of schistosomiasis japonica and controls; these included 35 patients with acute schistosomiasis, 45 patients with chronic schistosome infections, 34 advanced patients with evidence of severe morbidity and 20 patients with no known history of exposure to infection. Markedly elevated levels of soluble TNFRs (sTNFRs) and sICAM-1 were observed in the acute and advanced patients compared with the chronic and control groups. Mean sTNFR-II levels were significantly higher in acute patients compared with advanced (P

Two novel cadmium complexes [Cd3(pta)2(H2O)4]n (1) (H3pta = 2,4,6-pyridinetricarboxylic acid) and {[Cd(H2pza)(H2O)2] · 2H2O}n (2) (H4pza = 2,3,5,6-pyrazinetetracarboxylic acid) were synthesized. In both complexes, Cd(II) ions show three different coordination numbers of six and seven in 1 and eight in 2, respectively. Complex 1 displays a three-dimensional network structure and 2 shows a one-dimensional chain structure. The one-dimensional chains in 2 are vertical or parallel to each other and form a three-dimensional network structure by hydrogen bonds. In addition, 1 emits intense fluorescence on excitation of 342 nm.

Human helminthiases are common in China, especially in rural areas where sanitation conditions are poor. Co- and multiple infections with helminths are strikingly frequent. A cross-sectional parasitological and questionnaire survey was carried out in a population of 3205 individuals belonging to 498 families from five villages in the Poyang Lake region, Jiangxi Province, China, to assess their helminth infection status and to collect information on risk factors for infection. The prevalences for Ascaris lumbricoides, Schistosoma japonicum and Trichuris trichiura were 30.9%, 15.7% and 47%, respectively. Hookworm infection prevalence was low (0.7%). A significant association was observed between A. lumbricoides and T. trichiura infection, and also between S. japonicum and T. trichiura infection. Variance components analysis was undertaken to investigate the aggregation of S. japonicum and the soil-transmitted helminths, A. lumbricoides and T. trichiura. While A. lumbricoides was found to aggregate only at a household level, T. trichiura was shown to cluster predominantly in families. Both genetic and household effects were found to be important in determining the risk of infection with S. japonicum. Variance components analysis for A. lumbricoides/T. trichiura co-infections indicated a significant domestic environmental effect, attributable for 32.7% of the co-infection risk. Aggregation of S. japonicum/T. trichiura co-infection was also observed at a household level. The risk of infection with multiple helminth species, although mainly environmentally influenced, was also shown to have significant involvement of genetic and household components. The results of this study indicate that a shared household is a major contributing risk factor for helminth co-infections and emphasises the need for increased standards of sanitation and hygiene to prevent parasite transmission. Further, the results suggest that susceptibility to one helminth infection is not completely independent of another, and that there exist common genetic factors underlying infection with multiple helminth species.

Investigation of the previously little known upper Darriwilian graptolite biozone succession in the Darriwilian GSSP at Huangnitang, Changshan, China has led to the recognition of three biozones above the basal Darriwilian Undulograptus austrodentatus Biozone, namely the Acrograptus ellesae Biozone, the Nicholsonograptus fasciculatus Biozone, and the Pterograptus elegans Biozone. The Hustedograptus teretiusculus Biozone has not been identified and the post-Darriwilian Nemagraptus gracilis Biozone is separated from the P. elegans Biozone by a stratigraphic interval without stratigraphically diagnostic graptolites. Several levels in the succession have yielded index conodonts, making it possible to recognize international conodont biozones in part of the sequence. The virtually complete Darriwilian graptolite biozone succession, the good to excellent preservation of many graptolite taxa, the comprehensive construction of facilities to facilitate the study of the section, and the designation of this section as a protected National Geopark make Huangnitang an internationally unique and important geological site.

Two novel complexes [Ni2(H2O)2(H2TTHA)] · 6H2O (1), and {[Cu3(H2O)4(TTHA)] · 8H2O}n (2) were synthesized and characterized by X-ray single-crystal diffraction, elemental analysis, IR and UV–vis spectra. 1 is a binuclear complex while 2 exhibits one-dimensional (1D) coordination polymer.

To further strengthen the evidence-base of artemether for the control of schistosomiasis japonica, a randomised controlled trial was carried out in the Poyang Lake region, a highly endemic area in southern China. A total of 783 individuals, aged 6–60 years, were enrolled. They were first given a single oral dose of praziquantel (50 mg/kg). Then, they were randomly assigned oral artemether (6 mg/kg) or placebo, administered once every 2 weeks for 9–11 doses, covering the entire transmission season for Schistosoma japonicum in 2004. Stool examination 1 month after the final dosing revealed eggs of S. japonicum in 3/373 (0.8%) of the artemether recipients and 56/361 (15.0%) in placebo recipients (χ2 = 53.69, P < 0.001). Compared to the baseline, the geometric mean intensity of S. japonicum infection had decreased by 96.1% in the artemether group, and increased by 50.8% in the placebo group. No acute cases of schistosomiasis japonica were observed in the artemether group, whereas three such cases were reported from the placebo group. Compliance with regard to multi-doses of artemether and placebo was 84.9, and 77.9%, respectively. This study confirms that repeated oral artemether produces no drug-related adverse effects, significantly reduces incidence and intensity of patent S. japonicum infection and results in high compliance. Hence it can be used as an additional tool for the control of schistosomiasis japonica in the lake regions of China.

Cobalt(III) complexes containing both optically active tetradentate Schiff base ligands, (SB=Salen, MeOSalen, t-Bu-Salen) with axial ligands (L) [Co(SB)L2]ClO4 (L=imidazole (Im), 2-methylimidazole (2-MeIm), 1-methylimidazole (MeIm)) have been prepared and characterized. In addition, the crystal structures of [Co(Salen)(MeIm)2]ClO4 (1c), [Co(MeOSalen)(MeIm)2]ClO4 (2c), and [Co(t-Bu-Salen)(MeIm)2]ClO4 (3c) have been determined by X-ray structure analysis. The properties of these hexacoordinate complexes, such as electronic absorption, circular dichroism spectra, and 1H NMR spectra, have been studied.

The title complex Mn2(CO)6(μ-H){μ-S(SC3H5)CC(PPr3i)S} was synthesized by allyation of the homobinuclear anion [Mn2(CO)6(μ-H){μ-S(SC3H5)CC(PPr3i)S}]−1, and characterized by elemental analysis, IR, 1H NMR and 31P NMR spectra. The molecular structure shows that it contains a novel fairly planar ligand S(S)CC(PPr3i)S, and the two Mn(CO)3 fragments are symmetrically placed at both sides of the plane of the ligand.

The reaction of 3(5)-methylthio-5(3)-phenylpyrazole with dibromomethane under phase-transfer catalytic conditions only affords a new ligand, bis(3-phenyl-5-methylthiopyrazol-1-yl)methane. However, the reaction of 3(5)-methylthio-5(3)-p-methoxyphenylpyrazole or 3(5)-methylthio-5(3)-tert-butylpyrazole with dibromomethane under the same conditions yields three isomers, respectively, indicating that the substituents significantly affect the steric and electronic properties of pyrazole ring during the formation of ligands. Treatment of these potential polydentate ligands with M(CO)6 (M=Cr, Mo or W) under UV irradiation at room temperature affords (NN)M(CO)4 derivatives, in which some complexes contain asymmetric substituted bis(pyrazol-1-yl)methane ligands. The X-ray crystal structure analyses indicate that the sulfur atoms in these complexes do not take part in the coordination to the metal centers, and S-rich bis(pyrazol-1-yl)methanes actually act as bidentate chelating ligands by two nitrogen atoms. It is also interesting that in order to reduce the repulsion of methyl groups with carbonyls, the methyl groups in these complexes are oriented away from the metal centers.

The reaction between bis(dibromophenylstannyl)methane, [CH2(SnPhBr2)2], with bis(pyrazol-1-yl)alkanes, [(CH2)nPz2] (n=1 or 2; Pz=substituted pyrazole) in a 1:1 or 1:2 ratio yields only 1:1 adducts of PhBr2[(CH2)nPz2]SnCH2SnPhBr2, which have been confirmed by elemental analysis, 1H NMR and IR spectroscopy. The electronic and steric characteristics of substituents on the pyrazole rings markedly influence the donating ability of bis(pyrazol-1-yl)alkanes to the bidentate organotin Lewis acid acceptor. The investigations on the reaction of the adducts with DMSO and NMR spectra of the adducts show the weak interactions between ligands and the bidentate organotin Lewis acid acceptor. X-Ray analysis of PhBr2(CH2(4-ClPz)2)SnCH2SnPhBr2 showed that bis(4-chloropyrazol-1-yl)methane acts as a chelating bidentate ligand to only one tin atom.

The Mn(II) and Zn(II) complexes of N,N′-diisopropyl-1,10-phenanthroline-2,9-dimethanamine have been synthesised, and the structure of the two complexes have been studied by X-ray crystallography.

The reaction of bis(3,5-dimethyl-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)methane, CH2(3,5-Me2Tz)2, with M(CO)6 (M=Cr, Mo or W) in refluxing DME produces CH2(3,5-Me2Tz)2M(CO)4 in moderate yield. The crystal structures determined by X-ray analysis show that bis(3,5-dimethyl-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)methane acts as a chelating bidentate ligand with two endodentate nitrogen atoms in these complexes. Reactions of complexes CH2(3,5-Me2Tz)2M(CO)4 (M=Mo or W) with R2SnX2 (R=Ph or Me; X=Cl or Br) in a 1:1 or 1:2 ratio, respectively, only yield 1:1 adducts. In these adducts, bis(3,5-dimethyl-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)methane may coordinate to tin atom through exodentate nitrogen atoms on the 4-position of triazole rings to form linkage coordination polymers. Possibly owing to weak donors of 4-position exonitrogen atoms on triazole rings to organotin acceptors, the dissociation of these adducts in solution could exist. Adduct of CH2(3,5-Me2Tz)2W(CO)4·SnPh2Br2 absorbs one water molecule while crystals are growing and becomes the hydrolysis product [SnPh2Br2(H2O)]·(CH2(3,5-Me2Tz)2W(CO)4), which is characterized by X-ray crystallography, indicating that tin atom is five coordinate with a trigonal bipyramid geometry, the water molecule coordinates to the tin atom, and is simultaneously connected to the exonitrogen atoms on the 4-position of triazole rings of two adjacent CH2(3,5-Me2Tz)2W(CO)4 units through hydrogen bonds to form linkage coordination polymers, in which two coordination modes are observed.

The reaction of bis(pyrazol-1-yl)methane tetracarbonylmolybdenum(0) or tungsten(0) complexes with RSnCl3 (R=Ph, Cl) at room temperature yielded heterobimetallic complexes CH2(Pz)2M(CO)3(Cl)(SnCl2R) (Pz represents substituted pyrazole; M=Mo or W; R=Ph or Cl) in good yields, which have been characterized by elemental analysis, 1H NMR and IR spectroscopy. The reaction of bis(3,5-dimethyl-4-halopyrazol-1-yl)methane tetracarbonyl tungsten with PhSnCl3 did not take place even in refluxing CH2Cl2. The electronic and steric characteristics of substituents on the pyrazole ring remarkably influence the structures of the products. The structures of CH2(3,5-Me2-4-BrPz)2W(CO)3(Cl)(SnCl3) (8) and CH2(4-BrPz)2Mo(CO)3(μ-Cl)(SnCl2Ph) (17) (Pz: pyrazole) determined by X-ray crystallography show that no chlorine-bridged WSn bond is observed in complex 8, while one chlorine-bridged MoSn bond exists in complex 17. The SnM bond length is 2.7438(5) A in complex 8 (WSn) and 2.7559(4) A in complex 17 (MoSn).

Synthesis of nickel(II) complex with N,N′-bis(2′-pyridine) methyl-1,10-phenanthroline-2,9-dimethanamine and report on the crystal structure of the complex.

Bis(4-halopyrazol-1-yl)alkanes (1=bis(4-bromopyrazol-1-yl)methane CH2(4-BrPz)2, 2=bis(3,5-dimethyl-4-bromopyrazol-1-yl)methane CH2(3,5-Me2-4-BrPz)2, 3=bis(4-chloropyrazol-1-yl)methane CH2(4-ClPz)2, 4=bis(3,5-dimethyl-4-chloro-pyrazol-1-yl)methane CH2(3,5-Me2-4-ClPz)2) have been synthesized by the reaction of bis(pyrazol-1-yl)methane or bis(3,5-dimethylpyrazol-1-yl)methane with Br2 or SO2Cl2. These ligands react with M(CO)6 (M=Cr, Mo, W) to yield bis(4-halopyrazol-1-yl) methane tetracarbonyl chromium(0), molybdenum(0) and tungsten(0) complexes in reasonable yield. All new compounds have been characterized by elemental analyses, IR, 1H NMR and 13C NMR in the case of tungsten complexes. The electrochemical properties of these complexes studied by the cyclic voltammograms indicate that each compound exhibits one reversible or quasi-reversible couple corresponding to a one-electron oxidation. The structure of CH2(3,5-Me2-4-ClPz)2W(CO)4 determined by X-ray crystallography shows that the six-membered W–N–N–C–N–N metallacycle adopts a boat form.

Two novel adducts of formula [Cu(pfpr)2(NITmNO2)]2 (I) and Cu(hfac)2(NITmNO2) (II), where pfpr=pentafluoropropionate, hfac=hexafluoroacetylacetonate and NITmNO2=2-(3-nitrophenyl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethylimidazoline-1-oxyl-3-oxide, have been synthesized. Compound (I) is the first example of copper (II)–nitroxide complexes bridged by pfpr. Its structure consists of binuclear units with the tetrakis(pentafluoropropionate) bridging two copper ions. Each copper ion has a distorted trigonal–bipyramidal coordination. Compound (II) is a mononuclear complex with a five-coordinated distorted square–pyramidal environment. The variable temperature magnetic susceptibilities show that there are antiferromagnetic interactions between copper ions and radicals for compound (I), and compound (II) is diamagnetic.

Bis(pyrazolyl)methane can be synthesized by the reaction of pyrazole with dibromomethane in phase transfer catalytic conditions. It reacts with M(CO)6 (M=Mo, W) to give bis(pyrazolyl)methane tetracarbonylmolybdenum(0) and tungsten(0) complexes in good yield. Upon treatment of these complexes with RSnCl3 (R=Ph, Cl), the seven-coordinate Mo(II) and W(II) products were obtained. The molecular structure of CH2(3,5-Me2Pz)2W(Cl)(CO)3(SnCl3) determined by X-ray crystallography showed that the six-membered

A new compound [Cu(Him)2(ox)]2[Cu(Him)2(H2O)]2 (Him=imidazole, ox=dianion of oxalic acid) has been prepared and structurally determined. The structure consists of quasi-one-dimensional chains built from two different neutral [Cu(Him)2(ox)]2 and [Cu(Him)2(H2O)(ox)]2 units linked by hydrogen bonds. Two centrosymmetrically related copper ions in the former unit are five-coordinated by two nitrogen atoms from the imidazole ligands and two oxygen atoms from the oxalate anion occupying the basal plane and the oxygen atom of another chelating oxalate situated at the apical position with a weak contact of 2.837(2) A. The coordination environment of the other two copper ions connected by O–H · · · O hydrogen bonds in the other unit can be described as a distorted square pyramid, with two oxygen atoms of the oxalate ion and two nitrogen atoms from the imidazole ligands in the basal plane and one oxygen atom of the coordinated water molecule in the apical position. The (Him)N–H · · · O(ox) hydrogen bonds connect the adjacent units to give rise to a quasi-one-dimensional structure. The room-temperature ESR study gives a g↑ value of 2.07 and a g∥ value of 2.23. From magnetic susceptibility measurements the compound was found to exhibit a weak antiferromagnetic interaction (J=−2.64 cm−1) between the copper(II) ions through the Cu–O–Cu pathways.

A one-dimensional 4,4′-bipy-bridged compound [Mn(hfac)2(4,4′-bipy)]n (hfac = hexafluoroacetetylacetonato; 4,4′-bipy = 4,4′-bipyridine) has been prepared and its structure has been determined. The structure consists of a zigzag-one-dimensional chain in which Mn(II) ion is bridged by 4,4′-bipy. The coordination environment is distorted octahedral for Mn(II), and Mn(hfac)2(4,4′-bipy) has a cis coordination. Magnetic investigation shows that this compound presents a very weak antiferromagnetic interaction (J = −0.196 cm−1, gMn, = 2.02, F = 2.24 × 10−3).

In this paper, the influence of fly ash on the fatigue performance of roller compacted concrete was studied. The fatigue equations of roller compacted concrete without and with fly ash, which can be used for designing pavement, are proposed through the method of the regressive analysis, and compared with that of the same grade common concrete pavement.

The neodymium nitrate complex with 1,4-bis(phenylsulfinyl)butane(bphsb)[Ln(bphsb)2(NO3)3]n has been synthesized and characterized. The X-ray crystal structure determination of the complex indicates that bphsb and neodymium(III) ion form a polymeric chain involving 18-membered macrocycles, each macrocycle comprising two neodymium(III) ions. The adjacent metal centres are linked by the bridging ligand. Each neodymium ion is ten-coordinated and the coordination geometry is a distorted 4,4-bicapped square antiprism. The IR and absorption spectra of solid and solution for the complex were also studied.

1,1′-Bis[N-formyl-N′-p-chlorophenylthiourea]ferrocene was synthesized through the reaction of 1,1′-bis[formylisothiocyanate] ferrocene with p-chloroaniline. Its 1H NMR, IR and mass spectra were studied. A single crystal structure determination showed that there are two intramolecular hydrogen bonds between the carbonyl group and N′H of each N′HC(S)NHC(O) moiety. They form two parallel planar six-membered rings. In addition, the hydrogen bonding rings are basically in the same plane with the Cp rings to which they are attached. This highlights its property in molecular recognition.

A contest between substitution and addition in the reaction of 1,1′-bis[formylisothiocyanate]ferrocene with aliphathic secondary amines was observed. All the compounds were characterized by IR, 1H NMR, cyclic voltammetry and elemental analyses. Single crystal X-ray diffraction measurement revealed that there is a novel kind of intramolecular hydrogen bonding in the title compound (methyl substituents). The distance between N(1) and O(2) is 2.876 A, and the angle N(1)H(1)…O(2) is 177.7°.

The neodymium complex with hexaazacyclooctadecane ([18]aneN6) has been obtained as a single crystal by the reaction of neodymium nitrate and macrocycle ligand in methanol solution. The crystal structure of the complex [Nd([18]aneN6)(NO3)3] was determined by X-ray diffraction. The neodymium centre is 10-coordinate with the coordination polyhedron being an irregular capped square-antriprism. The absorption spectrum of the complex was measured and the intensities of f−f transitions were analyzed according to the Judd-Ofelt theory.

A polynuclear europium(III) complex of the formula [Eu(bphsb)1.5(NO3)3]n[bphsb = 1.4-bis(phenylsulfinyl)butane]1734 141 has been prepared and its structure and luminescent properties have been determined by X-ray diffraction and spectral measurements. The structure consists of EuIII ions bridged by bidentate bphsb ligands and coordinated by NO3− groups to make a polynuclear neutral complex. The europium ion is nine-coordinated and the geometry around the EuIII is that of a distorted tricapped trigonal prism. The polynuclear complex has a framework structure with 54-membered macrocyclic rings, each containing six europium ions. The complex exhibits sensitized luminescence that originates from 5D0 state to 7FJ Stark levels.

Reaction of Me3SiMe2SiC5H5 (4), prepared from Me3SiMe2SiCl and C5H5Na, with Fe(CO)5 in refluxing xylene afforded the title compound (3). The silicon-silicon bond in 3 is exceptionally stable in refluxing xylene and also in succeeding reactions to prepare a series of its derivatives. Thus, 3 reacted with I2 in either chloroform or benzene, giving [η5-Me3SiMe2SiC5H4Fe(CO)2I] (6). Compound 3 was reduced by sodium amalgam and reacted subsequently with CH3I, PhCH2Cl, CH3COCl, PhCOCl, Cy3SnCl (Cy = cyclohexyl) and Ph3SnCl, producing [η5-Me3SiMe2SiC5H4Fe(CO)2R][7 : R = CH3 (a), PhCH2 (b), CH3CO (c), PhCO (d), Cy3Sn (e) and Ph3Sn (f), respectively]. The molecular structure of 3 has been determined by X-ray diffraction crystallography. It was found that 3 has a trans-configuration with a symmetrical centre located at the middle of the FeFe bond. It is abnormal that the conformation of the disilane part around the SiSi bond is almost eclipsed rather than staggered.

The binuclear complexes (CO)3Fe(μ-Ph2Ppy)2MXn (Ph2Ppy = 2-(diphenylphosphino)pyridine, MXn = Mn(SCN)2, Co(SCN)2, CoCl2, NiCl2, Mo(CO)3, Zn(SCN)2, ZnCl2, Cd(SCN)2, CdCl2, HgCl2, HgI2, AgClO4, and SnCl2) were prepared from the new type of organometallic tridentate ligand, trans-Fe(CO)3(Ph2Ppy)2 (1), which contains both a basic metal center and bridging phosphine ligands. The crystal structure of the benzene solvate of 1 was determined by X-ray diffraction. The compound 1·1/2C6H6 crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P21/c with a = 17.560(5), b = 12.110(1), c = 18.176(4) A ; β = 101.27(2)° and Z = 4 . The structure was refined to a conventional R value of 0.077 by using 2670 significant reflections and parameters. The structure of one of the binuclear complexes, namely, (CO)3Fe(μ-Ph2Ppy)2HgI2 (14), has also been determined by X-ray diffraction. The compound 14 crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P21/n, with a = 13.829(2), b = 14.175(2), c = 19.514(3) A , β = 120.27(1)°, V = 3738(2) A 3 and Z = 4 . The structure was refined to a conventional R values of 0.032 by using 3279 significant reflections and parameters. The FeHg distance is 2.678 A, indicative of a metal-metal bond. Results of Mossbauer and electron-absorption spectra suggested the presence of metal to metal interactions in these binuclear complexes.

Treatment of tetrahydrofuran solution of FeC12 · 4H20 or FeX2 (X = Br, I) and chelate diphosphines L2 [L2 =iBuN(PPh2)2, iBuN(PPh2)2, iPh2PCH,CH,PPh2(dppe)] with carbon monoxide at room temperature and atmospheric pressure gives trans-Fe(CO)2X2L2 (X = Cl, Br, 1) in high yields. Their IR, 31 PNMR spectra and X-ray crystallography prove that they have the structures of trans-carbonyls and cis-halogens. Reaction of FeC12 · 4H20 and dppe with carbon monoxide gives a novel cage intermolecular adduct in which the active species of Fe2(CO)2Cl4 is stabilized by the cage structure of FeCl2(dppe)2 in crystalline state. The structures of Fe(CO)2I2[iBuN(PPh2)2] (1) and [FeCl2(dppe)2][Fe2(CO)2Cl4] (8) are determined by X-ray crystallography. Compound 1 crystallizes in the space group P 1 , with a = 9.605(2), b = 10.295(2), c = 17.219(4) A, α = 97.86, β = 94.98(2), γ = 109.16(2)°, and Z = 2, R = 0.071, Rw = 0.080. Compound 8 crystallizes in the space group P 1 , with a = 9.874(2), b = 10.576(1), c = 13.347(4) A, α = 86.09(2), β = 85.05(2), γ = 81.43(1)°, and Z = 1, R = 0.078, Rw = 0.082.

Six novel mononuclear complexes, MnCl2L·H2O, Mn(SCN)2L·2H2O, Mn(ClO2)2L·2H2O, NiCl2L·2H2O, Ni(SCN)2L·H2O, Ni(ClO4)2L (L  N-hydroxyethyl-N,N′,N′-tribenzimidazolylmethyl ethylene diamine), have been synthesized and characterized. The UV-visible spectra of nickel complexes reveal that L is a weak field ligand. The ESR spectra indicate the asymmetric electronic environment of the manganese ion in its complex. The crystal and molecular structures of Ni(SCN)2L·H2O were determined by X-ray diffraction analysis. The nickel ions have distorted octahedral symmetry. The preliminary results of bioassay of the complexes showed that monomanganeses have antitumour activities in vitro.

The binuclear zinc(II) complex [Zn 2 L(O 2 CCH 3 ) 2 ] · CH 3 CCH 2 OOH was synthesized by a template reaction in alcohol. The crystal and molecular structure of this complex has been determined by X-ray analysis. The binucleating ligand L, 2,6-diformylpyridine TV-oxide bis(benzoylhydrazone), is in doubly deprotonated form. All the coordinated atoms in the bis-Schiff base ligand and two zinc atoms in the complex molecule are coplanar, and the N -oxide oxygen atom bridges two zinc atoms with the same bond length of 2.24(1) A. The two acetate ions act as bidentate ligands linking two zinc atoms, both being in a distorted trigonal-bipyramidal environment.

By thermolysis of metal-metal singly bonded compounds [η5-RC5H4(CO)3M]2 in toluene or diglyme, the corresponding triply bonded dimers [η5-RC5H4(CO)2M]2 (I) (M = Mo, R = MeCO, MeO2C, EtO2C; M = W, R = n-Bu) were produced in 45–94% yields. Further reactions of I (M = Mo, R = MeCO, EtO2C; M = W, R = n-Bu) with Co2(CO)8 in toluene at room temperature gave the heterobimetallic complexes η5-RC5H4 (CO)3MCo(CO)4 (II) (M = Mo, R = MeCO, EtO2C; M = W, R = n-Bu) in 43–46% yields. The structures of these seven new compounds have been characterized by elemental analysis, IR, 1H NMR and mass spectroscopy, as well as the structure of II (M = Mo, R = MeCO), which was established by single-crystal X-ray diffraction techniques.

The crystal structure of the title compound is monoclinic, space group C2/c with unit cell parameters of a = 38.703(3), b = 12.989(2), c = 15.271(4) A, β = 95.48(2)°, V = 7643(4) A3, Mr = 414.31, Z = 16, Dx = 1.44 g cm 3 , μ = 9.06 cm−1, F(000) = 3424. The final refinement converges with R = 0.047 and Rw = 0.050 for 2410 observed independent reflections. In this crystal, there are two independent molecules in an asymmetric unit each in a different conformation, both having intramolecular hydrogen bonding between the amino and carbonyl groups of -NH-C(S)-NH-C(O)-. This group forms a planar six-membered ring parallel to the Cp ring of the ferrocene moiety, but the dihedral angles between the planar six-membered ring and the naphthyl ring differ. One is 45.3°, designated as endo form, and the other 81.6°, the exo form.

The synthesis of six linear trimetallic compounds of the type [η5-RC5H4 (CO)3E]2Hg (E = Cr, Mo, W ; R = Me, Et, n-Bu), from phenylmercuric chloride and corresponding transition metal lithium salts [η5-RC5H4(CO)3E]Li is described. The new compounds were characterized by elemental analysis, MS, IR and 1H NMR spectroscopy and the structure of [η5-EtC5H4(CO)3Cr]2Hg as determined by X-ray diffraction. The CrHgCr skeleton of the molecule is diagonal with some departure from linearity and the coordination geometry around each chromium atom approximates to a square-based pyramid with one substituted cyclopentadienyl ring occupying the apical position.

A 2:1 crystalline molecular compound (3) of duroquinone (1) and durene (2) has been prepared in two ways of evaporating the solution and solidifying the melt. The crystal structure of 3 was determined by X-ray crystallography. Irradiation of 3 caused the intermolecular hydrogen abstraction reaction, which was specific in the solid state, to give durohydroquinone (4) and a photoadduct (5).

The strong π-acid ligand Ph2PN(iBu)PPh2 reacts with Co2(CO)S (1:1) to give Co2[μ-Ph2PN(iBu)PPh2] (μ-CO)2(CO)4 (1); however, when the ratio is 2:1 a novel species [Co{Ph2PN(iBu)PPh2-P,P′}2(CO)][Co(CO)4] (2) has been obtained. Crystal data for 2: Mr = 1140.83; triclinic, space group P 1 , a = 12.330(2), b = 13.340(2), c = 18.122(3) A, α = 86.63(1), β = 80.75(1), γ = 84.24(1)°, V = 2924 A3, Z = 2; R = 0.060 for 3711 reflections having I ⩾ 3σ(I). The results of X-ray diffraction, ESR, variable-temperature magnetic susceptibility, conductivity, and XPS analysis support that the species 2 is a d9-d9 cage molecule-pair. The mechanism for the formation of the species 2 has been investigated initially by 31P NMR.

η-CH3C(O)C5H4(CO)2Mo(μ-C6H5C2C6H5)Co(CO)3 (1a),η5-CH3C(O)C5H4(CO)2Mo(μ-p-CH3C6H4C2C6H5)Co(CO)3 (1b), η5-CH3O2CC5H4(CO)2Mo(μ-C6H5C2C6H5)Co(CO)3 (1c), η5-CH3C(O)C5H4(CO)2W(μ-C6H5C2C6H5)Co(CO)3 (1d) and η5-CH3O2CC5H4(CO)2W(μ-C6H5C2C6H5)Co(CO)3 (1e) were prepared by reactions of the corresponding sodium salts of functionally substituted cyclopentadienyl carbonyl molybdenum (tungsten) anions with (CO)3Co(μ-C6H5C2C6H5)Co(CO)3 or (CO)3Co(μ-p-CH3C6H5C2C6H5)Co(CO)3, respectively. The compounds 1a-1e were characterized by elemental analysis, IR, 1H NMR and mass spectroscopy, while the structure of 1c was further established by X-ray diffraction analysis. The compound crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P21/n with a = 8.503(1), b = 26.721(7), c = 11.033(2) A; β = 106.09(2)°; V = 2408 A3; and Z = 4.