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Municipal solid waste incineration (MSWI) fly ash is considered as a hazardous waste that requires specific treatment before disposal. The principal treatments encompass thermal treatment, stabilization/solidification, and resource recovery. To maximize environmental, social, and economic benefits, the development of low-carbon and sustainable treatment technologies for MSWI fly ash has attracted extensive interests in recent years. This paper critically reviewed the state-of-the-art treatment technologies and novel resource utilization approaches for the MSWI fly ash. Innovative technologies and future perspectives of MSWI fly ash management were highlighted. Moreover, the latest understanding of immobilization mechanisms and the use of advanced characterization technologies were elaborated to foster future design of treatment technologies and the actualization of sustainable management for MSWI fly ash.

A commercially available software package was used to develop a prototype object-oriented knowledge-based modeling system to aid in the determination of hazardous waste treatment process sequence. For the prototype system, 15 waste contaminants were chosen for consideration. Knowledge describing 10 treatment processes was collected and incorporated into separate program modules so only those processes required were considered by the system. The knowledge-based system was established so that the user can specify the treatment objectives that the treatment sequence is intended to satisfy. The prototype system is intended to demonstrate a potential use of knowledge-based systems in both the design and the operational management of hazardous waste treatment facilities. From a design perspective, such a system could be used to determine effective treatment sequences for expected waste types, thus helping to determine which processes should be included in a proposed facility. From an operational management perspective, such a system could be used to determine the treatment sequence required for a waste to meet treatment objective contaminant levels.

The improper handling and disposal of hazardous wastes cause threats to human health and the environment. One reason for the improper handling and disposal of these wastes is that not much consideration is usually given to the logistical aspects of hazardous waste systems. In this paper an integer goal programming model is developed that takes into consideration the multiple goals and needs of many groups involved in managing and planning hazardous waste systems. The model can easily be implemented and can be used to address many of the issues related to facility location, recycling, treatment, and disposal of hazardous wastes.

There is increasing experimental evidence that microbial degradation of hazardous organic compounds can be achieved faster in the presence of plant roots than in soil or water in the absence of roots. These studies hold promise that new techniques in biotechnology can eventually be applied to plant-microbe systems for hazardous waste treatment.

Ce rapport discute la politique des Etats Unis dans la gestion et le traitement des dechets industriels dangereux

Solidification/stabilization (S/S) technology processes are currently being utilized in the United States to treat inorganic and organic hazardous waste and radioactive waste. These wastes are generated from operating industry or have resulted from the uncontrolled management of hazardous waste. This paper will overview the development to date of this technology and its future direction which is strongly influenced by industry needs and/or government regulations. Key areas where knowledge is limited and factors impacting future utilization will be identified.