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Under investigation in this paper is a higher-order nonlinear self-dual network equation, which may simulate the wave propagation in a ladder type electric circuit. By means of the N-fold Darboux transformation and symbolic computation, the N-soliton solutions in determinant form are obtained. Based on the asymptotic and graphic analysis, the elastic interaction phenomena between/among two-, three- and four-soliton solutions are discussed, and some important physical quantities are accurately analyzed. Numerical simulations are used to explore the dynamical stability of one- and two-soliton solutions. Results might be helpful for understanding the propagation and interaction properties of electrical signals in a ladder type nonlinear self-dual network.

Objective To systematically evaluate and quantify the effects of rotigotine treatment on neuropsychiatric symptoms in Parkinson's disease (PD). Methods We searched for articles involving randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that were published before September 1, 2017, in the PubMed, Clinical Trials, Cochrane Library, and EMBASE databases. A meta-analysis was performed to estimate changes in the scales used to assess neuropsychiatric symptoms. The data were analyzed using Cochrane Collaboration's Review Manager 5.3 software. Results We identified 8 RCTs involving 1675 subjects. Compared with placebo treatment, treatment with the rotigotine transdermal patch significantly improved scores for the emotion/apathy domains of the Non-Motor Symptoms Scale (NMSS), Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II), Apathy Scale (AS), the sleep/fatigue domains of the NMSS, the 8-item Parkinson's disease Questionnaire (PDQ-8) and the 39-item PDQ (PDQ-39) (emotion/apathy domain of the NMSS: MD = −2.5, 95% CI [−4.11, 0.89]; BDI-II: MD = −1.19, 95% CI [−2.30, 0.08]; AS: MD = −1.56, 95% CI [−2.67, 0.45]; sleep/fatigue domain of the NMSS: MD = −2.03, 95% CI [−3.08, 0.98]; PDQ-8: MD = −4.93, 95% CI [−6.79, 3.07]; PDQ-39: MD = −3.52, 95% CI [−5.25, 1.79]; PDQ-8 and PDQ-39: SMD = −0.36,95% CI [−0.49,0.23]). The results of the Parkinson's Disease Sleep Scale 2nd version (PDSS-2) were heterogeneous, and those on the Snaith-Hamilton Pleasure Scale (SHAPS) were not statistically significant (P = .61). Conclusion The rotigotine transdermal patch effectively improved neuropsychiatric symptoms and quality of life in patients with PD. Further studies are warranted.

Being a vital two-dimensional multibody interacting particle system in nonlinear science and complex systems, exclusion network fuses totally asymmetric simple exclusion process into underlying complex network dynamics. This study constructs equiprobable exclusion network with heterogeneous interactions by introducing randomly generated interaction rates on each random path. Nodes are equivalent to subnetworks modelled by periodic TASEPs. Analytical solutions of typical order parameters are obtained by exploring dynamical transitions among configuration probabilities validated by meticulous balance theory. Physical mechanisms of underlying exclusion network dynamics are revealed by discussing TASEP with boundaries and Langmuir kinetics. New analytical method named as isoline analyses on mechanisms of spatial correlation and spatiotemporal evolution is proposed. Phase boundaries between initial state and steady state are analytically solved, which have a high agreement with simulations. Fruitful mechanisms of system transiting from initial phase to steady phases are discovered. It will have theoretical and practical value of deeply understanding evolution laws of cluster dynamics of self-driven particles and exploring non-equilibrium phase transitions in active systems.

Hydrophobic property of metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) is not only important for their stability improvement but also has a profound effect on the performance of many applications. The essence of coordination bonds led to most of the MOFs are hydrophilic and hydrophobic MOFs are generally achieved by hydrophobic modification of pore surface. Here, we report the systematic regulation of water adsorption and hydrophobic property of a classical MOF MIL-101(Cr) through post-synthetic modification. The contact angle (CA) of modified MIL-101 could vary from 17.9° to 146.5° by changing the alkyl chain length of primary amines. The water adsorption capacity and step pressure can also be tuned correspondingly.

In this letter, inspired by the idea of Ablowitz and Musslimani, we propose and investigate a discrete nonlocal reverse-space coupled Ablowitz–Ladik equation. Based on its Lax pair, we construct discrete nonlocal version of the generalized ( m , N − m ) -fold Darboux transformation for this system. Using the resulting Darboux transformation, we can obtain its different types of exact solutions including breathing-soliton and singular rogue wave solutions from vanishing and plane wave backgrounds. Breathing-soliton propagation and interaction features are investigated through asymptotic analysis. The wave structures of these singular rogue wave solutions are discussed and shown graphically. It is clearly shown that these solutions have new properties which differ from ones of the local coupled Ablowitz–Ladik equation.

Under investigation is a higher-order coupled Ablowitz–Ladik equation whose integrability is established in the sense of Lax pair. With symbolic computation, the N -fold Darboux transformation is used to construct discrete multi-soliton solutions in the determinant form. Soliton propagation and elastic interaction features are investigated through asymptotic analysis and analyzing some important physical quantities. Numerical simulations are used to explore the dynamical stability of one- and two-soliton solutions.

This paper investigates the modulational instability and the interactions among nonlinear localized waves such as breathers, rogue waves and semi-rational solitons of the modified self-steepening nonlinear Schrodinger equation. Firstly, the existence conditions for the modulational instability of the plane wave solution to this system are proposed. Secondly, some physically significant phenomena are investigated based on the generalized (2, N -2)-fold Darboux transformation, such as the breather collision with rogue wave, breather collision with semi-rational soliton, semi-rational soliton collision with rogue wave, and the semi-rational soliton collision in orders N = 2 and N = 3 cases. Finally, the dynamical behaviors of certain localized wave interaction solutions are discussed by performing numerical simulation so that one can predict whether these solutions are dynamically stable enough to propagate in a short time. It is hoped that the results in the present work can be used to understand related physical phenomena in nonlinear optics and relevant fields.

Insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), an endogenous peptide, exerts important role in brain development, neurogenesis and neuroprotection. There are accumulating evidence for the interaction of IGF-1 and 17β-estradiol systems. IGF-1/IGF-1 receptor (IGF-1R) signaling has been reported to regulate G-protein estrogen receptor (GPER) expression in cancer cells. Whether GPER is involved in the neuroprotective effect of IGF-1 against MPTP/MPP+-induced dopaminergic neuronal injury remains unclear. We showed that IGF-1 could improve MPTP-induced motor deficits and ameliorate the decreased contents of DA and its metabolites in striatum as well as the loss of TH-IR neurons in the substantia nigra (SN). IGF-1 pretreatment also reversed the changes of Bcl-2 and Bax protein expressions in SN in MPTP mice. These effects were abolished by IGF-1 receptor (IGF-1R) antagonist JB-1 or GPER antagonist G15 except the inhibitory effect of G15 on Bax protein expression. Moreover, IGF-1 pretreatment enhanced cell survival against MPP+-induced neurotoxicity in SH-SY5Y cells. IGF-1 exerted anti-apoptotic effects by restoring MPP+-induced changes of Bcl-2 and Bax protein expressions as well as mitochondria membrane potential. Co-treatment with JB-1 or G15 could block these effects. Furthermore, IGF-1 regulated the protein expression of GPER through activation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3-K) and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathways. Overall, we show for the first time that GPER may contribute to the neuroprotective effects of IGF-1 against MPTP/MPP+-induced dopaminergic neuronal injury.